Assessing the Function of Motor Cortex: Single
... expressed as the simplistic dichotomy of ‘‘muscles or movements’’—continues to cause considerable controversy to this day (Loeb et al., 1996; Georgopoulos, 1995; Scott, 2000). A major source of the contention lies in the difficulty of knowing how the activity of M1 neurons ‘‘should’’ look. In partic ...
... expressed as the simplistic dichotomy of ‘‘muscles or movements’’—continues to cause considerable controversy to this day (Loeb et al., 1996; Georgopoulos, 1995; Scott, 2000). A major source of the contention lies in the difficulty of knowing how the activity of M1 neurons ‘‘should’’ look. In partic ...
Flexible sequence learning in a SOM model of the mirror system
... monkeys organise into pools of neurons responding to specific motion primitives (e.g. a reach or a grasp but not both; Fogassi et al., 2005). It has then been hypothesised (e.g. Chersi et al., 2006) that these pools of neurons can be chained together to form sequences of simple, often-encountered ac ...
... monkeys organise into pools of neurons responding to specific motion primitives (e.g. a reach or a grasp but not both; Fogassi et al., 2005). It has then been hypothesised (e.g. Chersi et al., 2006) that these pools of neurons can be chained together to form sequences of simple, often-encountered ac ...
Muscle
... • Motor units supplying type II fibers are larger than those supplying type I fibers; thus, type II motor units can recruit more fibers. • Type I fibers have high aerobic endurance and are suited to low-intensity endurance activities. • Type II fibers are better for anaerobic or explosive activities ...
... • Motor units supplying type II fibers are larger than those supplying type I fibers; thus, type II motor units can recruit more fibers. • Type I fibers have high aerobic endurance and are suited to low-intensity endurance activities. • Type II fibers are better for anaerobic or explosive activities ...
15-5 Somatic Motor Pathways
... o Sometimes called the pyramidal system o Provides voluntary control over skeletal muscles System begins at pyramidal cells of primary motor cortex Axons of these upper motor neurons descend into brain stem and spinal cord to synapse on lower motor neurons that control skeletal ...
... o Sometimes called the pyramidal system o Provides voluntary control over skeletal muscles System begins at pyramidal cells of primary motor cortex Axons of these upper motor neurons descend into brain stem and spinal cord to synapse on lower motor neurons that control skeletal ...
Pausing to Regroup: Thalamic Gating of Cortico
... influences on the entire striatal network activity (Koos and Tepper, 2002). And of course, at the same time that the thalamic modulation occurs, other sources of modulation occur also, not addressed in this study. Yet again, there is intriguing evidence that the cortical inputs to the D1 and D2 MSNs ...
... influences on the entire striatal network activity (Koos and Tepper, 2002). And of course, at the same time that the thalamic modulation occurs, other sources of modulation occur also, not addressed in this study. Yet again, there is intriguing evidence that the cortical inputs to the D1 and D2 MSNs ...
Mental state inference using visual control parameters
... extracted by the cerebral cortex for visual feedback control is not known. However, the parietal cortex appears to be involved in visuomotor aspects of manual manipulative movements [1,7,21,20,30,46,53,82,90]. The feedforward control, we assume, is a skill learned by self-observation of feedback-con ...
... extracted by the cerebral cortex for visual feedback control is not known. However, the parietal cortex appears to be involved in visuomotor aspects of manual manipulative movements [1,7,21,20,30,46,53,82,90]. The feedforward control, we assume, is a skill learned by self-observation of feedback-con ...
Neural computations associated with goal-directed choice
... Two recent human fMRI studies provide clues about how the brain has adapted to solve more sophisticated choice problems, such as dietary decisions with long-term consequences, or complex social decisions. In order to make good choices in these domains, the brain needs to compute the value of attribu ...
... Two recent human fMRI studies provide clues about how the brain has adapted to solve more sophisticated choice problems, such as dietary decisions with long-term consequences, or complex social decisions. In order to make good choices in these domains, the brain needs to compute the value of attribu ...
Reflexes
... 4. The association neurons activate motor neurons in several spinal cord segments. The motor neurons generate nerve impulses which are propagated toward the axon terminals. 5. Acetylcholine released by the motor neurons causes the flexor muscles in the thigh (effectors) to contract, withdrawing the ...
... 4. The association neurons activate motor neurons in several spinal cord segments. The motor neurons generate nerve impulses which are propagated toward the axon terminals. 5. Acetylcholine released by the motor neurons causes the flexor muscles in the thigh (effectors) to contract, withdrawing the ...
PDF
... closely resembles that of the prepared movement, while also often involving activation of the OO and SCM muscles (Valls-Solé et al., 1999; Ravichandran et al., 2013). The major difference between prepared actions that are triggered by innocuous or startling auditory stimuli is the latency of the res ...
... closely resembles that of the prepared movement, while also often involving activation of the OO and SCM muscles (Valls-Solé et al., 1999; Ravichandran et al., 2013). The major difference between prepared actions that are triggered by innocuous or startling auditory stimuli is the latency of the res ...
12 - FacultyWeb
... • Composed of myelinated and unmyeinated nerve fibers • Fibers allow communication between different parts of the spinal cord and between the cord and brain ...
... • Composed of myelinated and unmyeinated nerve fibers • Fibers allow communication between different parts of the spinal cord and between the cord and brain ...
31 - UCL
... kind of code-directed scene comprehension that draws heavily upon specifically visual, and probably largely prelinguistic processing constraints. The key processes of word-recognition and the assembly of visual word meaning patterns into interacting chains, however, may be mediated in part by specie ...
... kind of code-directed scene comprehension that draws heavily upon specifically visual, and probably largely prelinguistic processing constraints. The key processes of word-recognition and the assembly of visual word meaning patterns into interacting chains, however, may be mediated in part by specie ...
Cranial Nerves with a Focus on Swallowing and Voice.
... - Touch anterior tongue on both sides - Observe contours of masseter at rest. Observe chewing. “Bite down” and palpate masseter muscles ...
... - Touch anterior tongue on both sides - Observe contours of masseter at rest. Observe chewing. “Bite down” and palpate masseter muscles ...
The Evaluation of Weakness in the
... acetylcholinesterase activity May account for the fact that the effect is more pronounced in proximal muscles ...
... acetylcholinesterase activity May account for the fact that the effect is more pronounced in proximal muscles ...
TINS04
... in learning to read in children with otherwise normal intellectual functioning and educational opportunities. Researchers typically attempt to characterise dyslexia at the genetic, neurobiological and cognitive levels of description, and to uncover causal pathways between the different levels. One n ...
... in learning to read in children with otherwise normal intellectual functioning and educational opportunities. Researchers typically attempt to characterise dyslexia at the genetic, neurobiological and cognitive levels of description, and to uncover causal pathways between the different levels. One n ...
Representing the Hyphen in Action–Effect
... associations were formed in the test phases of such induction paradigms: response time (RT) and choice frequencies. These measures are typically obtained in different test phases. In a forced-choice test phase, participants execute an instructed response to the stimuli as quickly as possible accordi ...
... associations were formed in the test phases of such induction paradigms: response time (RT) and choice frequencies. These measures are typically obtained in different test phases. In a forced-choice test phase, participants execute an instructed response to the stimuli as quickly as possible accordi ...
Index Data Structure for Fast Subset and Superset Queries
... Given a set of valid conditions the set of fired rules includes those with pre-condition included in this set [6,4]. Finally, in AI planning systems goal sets are used to store goals to be achieved from a given initial state. Planning modules use subset queries in procedure that examines if a given ...
... Given a set of valid conditions the set of fired rules includes those with pre-condition included in this set [6,4]. Finally, in AI planning systems goal sets are used to store goals to be achieved from a given initial state. Planning modules use subset queries in procedure that examines if a given ...
Chapter 48 PowerPoint 2016 - Spring
... to a change in membrane potential • When a stimulus depolarizes the membrane, Na+ channels open, allowing Na+ to diffuse into the cell • The movement of Na+ into the cell increases the depolarization and causes even more Na+ channels to open • A strong stimulus results in a massive change in membran ...
... to a change in membrane potential • When a stimulus depolarizes the membrane, Na+ channels open, allowing Na+ to diffuse into the cell • The movement of Na+ into the cell increases the depolarization and causes even more Na+ channels to open • A strong stimulus results in a massive change in membran ...
The Brain - HallquistCPHS.com
... the brain works has increased with advances in neuroscientific methods. Studies of split-brain patients have also given researchers a great deal of information about the specialized functions of the brain's right and left hemispheres. Many students find the technical material in this and the previou ...
... the brain works has increased with advances in neuroscientific methods. Studies of split-brain patients have also given researchers a great deal of information about the specialized functions of the brain's right and left hemispheres. Many students find the technical material in this and the previou ...
Linking reward expectation to behavior in the basal ganglia
... occurrence? If not, what is the selectivity of most caudate neurons? What other factors affect their responses? Indeed, other response properties have been found in the caudate, including a suppression of responses in anticipation of an eye movement to a rewarded location [7] and a representation of ...
... occurrence? If not, what is the selectivity of most caudate neurons? What other factors affect their responses? Indeed, other response properties have been found in the caudate, including a suppression of responses in anticipation of an eye movement to a rewarded location [7] and a representation of ...
New insights into the anatomo-functional connectivity of the
... During a second surgical stage, the glioma was removed, by alternating resection and subcortical stimulations. The functional pathways were followed progressively from the cortical eloquent sites already mapped, to the depth of the resection. The patient had to continue to count or name when the res ...
... During a second surgical stage, the glioma was removed, by alternating resection and subcortical stimulations. The functional pathways were followed progressively from the cortical eloquent sites already mapped, to the depth of the resection. The patient had to continue to count or name when the res ...
Lecture 05 Part A - First Order Logic (FOL)
... Last unification fails: only because x can’t take values John and Bill at the same time Problem is due to use of same variable x in both sentences Simple solution: Standardizing apart eliminates overlap of variables, e.g., Knows(z, Bill) ...
... Last unification fails: only because x can’t take values John and Bill at the same time Problem is due to use of same variable x in both sentences Simple solution: Standardizing apart eliminates overlap of variables, e.g., Knows(z, Bill) ...
LiebermanSSSP2002REV - Sydney Symposium of Social
... might include implicit personality theories, stereotypes, and other forms of categorical cognition in which various characteristics, traits, or attributes are believed to co-occur. The latter (‘stimulus-outcome’ associations) generally refer to affective processes, in which one cue (e.g., an angry e ...
... might include implicit personality theories, stereotypes, and other forms of categorical cognition in which various characteristics, traits, or attributes are believed to co-occur. The latter (‘stimulus-outcome’ associations) generally refer to affective processes, in which one cue (e.g., an angry e ...
- Wiley Online Library
... man insular cortex, which fits with considerable evidence (e.g., Ref. 22), and that subjective feelings are based directly on homeostatic sensory integration, which is consistent with the James-Lange theory of emotion and the “somatic marker” hypothesis.23,24 To my mind, this pattern also suggests t ...
... man insular cortex, which fits with considerable evidence (e.g., Ref. 22), and that subjective feelings are based directly on homeostatic sensory integration, which is consistent with the James-Lange theory of emotion and the “somatic marker” hypothesis.23,24 To my mind, this pattern also suggests t ...
Using Semantic Cues to Learn Syntax
... Generating Parameters We have two sets of model parameters: syntactic parameters i.e. the child tag generation multinomials θp,d,v and semantic parameters i.e. the event argument generation multinomials φe,path . Both these sets of multinomials are drawn from conjugate Dirichlet priors. The child ta ...
... Generating Parameters We have two sets of model parameters: syntactic parameters i.e. the child tag generation multinomials θp,d,v and semantic parameters i.e. the event argument generation multinomials φe,path . Both these sets of multinomials are drawn from conjugate Dirichlet priors. The child ta ...