Effects of Residual Inhibition Phenomenon on Early Auditory Evoked
... generation of tinnitus. This abnormal auditory signal is interpreted as a troublesome tinnitus. This ...
... generation of tinnitus. This abnormal auditory signal is interpreted as a troublesome tinnitus. This ...
Versican Expression During Embryonic Development in the Mouse
... Versican and other proteoglycans are degraded by a family of A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with ThromboSpondin motifs (ADAMTS) proteinases [43],[44],[45]. Cleavage of V1 versican by ADAMTS-1, -4, -5, and -9 results in an approximately 70 kilodalton fragment containing the neoepitope sequence D ...
... Versican and other proteoglycans are degraded by a family of A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with ThromboSpondin motifs (ADAMTS) proteinases [43],[44],[45]. Cleavage of V1 versican by ADAMTS-1, -4, -5, and -9 results in an approximately 70 kilodalton fragment containing the neoepitope sequence D ...
Cholinergic Cells and Pathways
... proposal was made by Kris Krnjevic and J.W. Phillis (1963): they proposed the existence of a cholinergic thalamocortical pathway concerned with projection and augmenting activity as they pointed out that ACh-sensitive cortical cells respond to thalamic or peripheral sensory stimulation with repetiti ...
... proposal was made by Kris Krnjevic and J.W. Phillis (1963): they proposed the existence of a cholinergic thalamocortical pathway concerned with projection and augmenting activity as they pointed out that ACh-sensitive cortical cells respond to thalamic or peripheral sensory stimulation with repetiti ...
Interaction of the Frontal Eye Field and Superior Colliculus for
... with direct electrical stimulation of the FEF. To test the role of the SC in conveying information to the brain stem, we inactivated the SC, thereby removing the circuit through the SC to the brain stem, and leaving only the direct FEF– brain stem pathway. If the contributions of the direct pathway ...
... with direct electrical stimulation of the FEF. To test the role of the SC in conveying information to the brain stem, we inactivated the SC, thereby removing the circuit through the SC to the brain stem, and leaving only the direct FEF– brain stem pathway. If the contributions of the direct pathway ...
The Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Projection
... basal forebrain areas rich in cholinergic neurons contain vGluT2 cells, a small proportion of which project to the prefrontal and somatosensory cortices (Hur and Zaborszky, 2005). Similarly, in the medial septum of mice a small proportion of vGluT2 cells project to the hippocampus (Henderson et al., ...
... basal forebrain areas rich in cholinergic neurons contain vGluT2 cells, a small proportion of which project to the prefrontal and somatosensory cortices (Hur and Zaborszky, 2005). Similarly, in the medial septum of mice a small proportion of vGluT2 cells project to the hippocampus (Henderson et al., ...
The basal forebrain cholinergic projection system in mice. In
... basal forebrain areas rich in cholinergic neurons contain vGluT2 cells, a small proportion of which project to the prefrontal and somatosensory cortices (Hur and Zaborszky, 2005). Similarly, in the medial septum of mice a small proportion of vGluT2 cells project to the hippocampus (Henderson et al., ...
... basal forebrain areas rich in cholinergic neurons contain vGluT2 cells, a small proportion of which project to the prefrontal and somatosensory cortices (Hur and Zaborszky, 2005). Similarly, in the medial septum of mice a small proportion of vGluT2 cells project to the hippocampus (Henderson et al., ...
NEURAL MECHANISMS SUPPORTING THE LEARNING
... associative learning processes and conscious UCS expectancies modulate the expression of UCRs. Few brain imaging studies have used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the neural substrates that support conditioned UCR diminution. In this previous research, UCR diminution has ...
... associative learning processes and conscious UCS expectancies modulate the expression of UCRs. Few brain imaging studies have used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the neural substrates that support conditioned UCR diminution. In this previous research, UCR diminution has ...
1 - Test Bank
... 25. The primary purpose of the myelin sheath is to ________. a. insulate the neuron so it can transmit information more efficiently Correct: The myelin sheath protects and insulates the neuron, and helps to speed up the process of neural communication. b. receive messages from outside the neuron and ...
... 25. The primary purpose of the myelin sheath is to ________. a. insulate the neuron so it can transmit information more efficiently Correct: The myelin sheath protects and insulates the neuron, and helps to speed up the process of neural communication. b. receive messages from outside the neuron and ...
stimulant treatment history predicts frontal-striatal
... Segal, 1997; Volkow et al., 2001). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques offer non-‐invasive, accessible, and versatile tools to study stimulant effects in the developing human brain. Especially functional MRI studies investigating acute st ...
... Segal, 1997; Volkow et al., 2001). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques offer non-‐invasive, accessible, and versatile tools to study stimulant effects in the developing human brain. Especially functional MRI studies investigating acute st ...
ATLAS OF FUNCTIONAL NEUROANATOMY
... Neurological Institute (MNI) where Dr. Wilder Penfield and colleagues were forging a new frontier in the understanding of the brain. Dr. Hendelman then completed an internship and a year of pediatric medicine, again in Montreal. Dr. Hendelman’s next decision was between clinical (pediatiric) neurolo ...
... Neurological Institute (MNI) where Dr. Wilder Penfield and colleagues were forging a new frontier in the understanding of the brain. Dr. Hendelman then completed an internship and a year of pediatric medicine, again in Montreal. Dr. Hendelman’s next decision was between clinical (pediatiric) neurolo ...
Cerebral cortical hypoplasia with abnormal morphology of pyramidal
... Captured images of three distinct cortical areas, i.e., the primary motor cortex (M1), barrel field of primary somatosensory cortex (S1BF) and primary visual cortex (V1), which were defined in the SMI-32 immunostained sections with reference to the Atlas of Paxinos and Franklin (2004), were converte ...
... Captured images of three distinct cortical areas, i.e., the primary motor cortex (M1), barrel field of primary somatosensory cortex (S1BF) and primary visual cortex (V1), which were defined in the SMI-32 immunostained sections with reference to the Atlas of Paxinos and Franklin (2004), were converte ...
Zebrafish Get Connected: Investigating Neurotransmission Targets
... and have similar neuroanatomy in many areas such as the spinal cord, hindbrain and retina, but as the brain develops by eversion rather than inversion, some classical regions of the mammalian brain, such as the hippocampus, amygdala, and substantia nigra, are not present as such in zebrafish. The fu ...
... and have similar neuroanatomy in many areas such as the spinal cord, hindbrain and retina, but as the brain develops by eversion rather than inversion, some classical regions of the mammalian brain, such as the hippocampus, amygdala, and substantia nigra, are not present as such in zebrafish. The fu ...
Histamine in the Nervous System
... (193). The reason for the failure of phtalaldehyde fluorescence histochemistry for histamine was a strong crossreaction with the ubiquitous spermidine (common actions of the diamine histamine and the polyamine spermidine on the NMDA receptor were found 25 years later). Effects of histamine and hista ...
... (193). The reason for the failure of phtalaldehyde fluorescence histochemistry for histamine was a strong crossreaction with the ubiquitous spermidine (common actions of the diamine histamine and the polyamine spermidine on the NMDA receptor were found 25 years later). Effects of histamine and hista ...
Dopaminergic control of the globus pallidus and its impact
... The work of my thesis is a part of integrative neurobiology and focuses on studying the control exerted by dopamine on basal ganglia (BG), especially the "external part of globus pallidus or GPe". GPe being a nucleus, which plays a key role in the control of movement by exerting an inhibitory influe ...
... The work of my thesis is a part of integrative neurobiology and focuses on studying the control exerted by dopamine on basal ganglia (BG), especially the "external part of globus pallidus or GPe". GPe being a nucleus, which plays a key role in the control of movement by exerting an inhibitory influe ...
Altered Resting-State Functional Connectivity of
... correlated neural activity between voxels to make inferences about the functional organization of the brain (Biswal et al, 2010). Conveniently, these data can be acquired at rest, unbiased from task demands. The resting-state approach characterizes synchronous patterns of blood-oxygen level dependen ...
... correlated neural activity between voxels to make inferences about the functional organization of the brain (Biswal et al, 2010). Conveniently, these data can be acquired at rest, unbiased from task demands. The resting-state approach characterizes synchronous patterns of blood-oxygen level dependen ...
Neural mechanism of rapid eye movement sleep generation
... sleep” because of the presence of rapid eye movements during this unique phase of sleep while Dement3 used the term “active sleep” to define the same state because the EEG pattern resembled that of an active awake state. Rapid eye movements, low voltage fast waves in the EEG and increased respiratio ...
... sleep” because of the presence of rapid eye movements during this unique phase of sleep while Dement3 used the term “active sleep” to define the same state because the EEG pattern resembled that of an active awake state. Rapid eye movements, low voltage fast waves in the EEG and increased respiratio ...
Emotional experiences of tension and suspense: psychological
... multitude of contexts (e.g., in music, literature, film, sports, or everyday life). However, the psychological and neuronal mechanisms underlying tension experiences remain largely unclear. This dissertation aims to advance the understanding of tension and suspense by presenting theoretical and empi ...
... multitude of contexts (e.g., in music, literature, film, sports, or everyday life). However, the psychological and neuronal mechanisms underlying tension experiences remain largely unclear. This dissertation aims to advance the understanding of tension and suspense by presenting theoretical and empi ...
sleep disturbances associated with neuropsychiatric disease
... may play a role in the abnormal modulation of behavioral states in various mental disorders (8,9). Recent work, for example, suggests that the amygdala has significant anatomic connections and recently established modulatory effects on the brainstem centers involved in REM sleep production (21,22). ...
... may play a role in the abnormal modulation of behavioral states in various mental disorders (8,9). Recent work, for example, suggests that the amygdala has significant anatomic connections and recently established modulatory effects on the brainstem centers involved in REM sleep production (21,22). ...
Neuronal uptake and propagation of a rare phosphorylated high-molecular-weight tau
... hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD)2,3. Cognitive deficits in AD are most closely linked with progression of NFTs in a hierarchical pattern, starting in the entorhinal cortex (EC) and marching throughout the brain during disease progression4,5. Although the preci ...
... hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD)2,3. Cognitive deficits in AD are most closely linked with progression of NFTs in a hierarchical pattern, starting in the entorhinal cortex (EC) and marching throughout the brain during disease progression4,5. Although the preci ...
The unified theory of repression
... Substantial experimental literatures on attentional biases, thought avoidance, interference, and intentional forgetting exist, the oldest prototype being the work of Ebbinghaus, who showed that intentional avoidance of memories results in their progressive forgetting over time. It has now become cle ...
... Substantial experimental literatures on attentional biases, thought avoidance, interference, and intentional forgetting exist, the oldest prototype being the work of Ebbinghaus, who showed that intentional avoidance of memories results in their progressive forgetting over time. It has now become cle ...
Full-Text PDF
... to pass the blood-brain barrier (BBB) [9]. In cases of a BBB breakdown, e.g., during head trauma, severe epilepsy, inflammation and other pathologic conditions, thrombin enters the brain and reaches high concentrations [11]. Yet, thrombin has been demonstrated within the central nervous system (CNS) ...
... to pass the blood-brain barrier (BBB) [9]. In cases of a BBB breakdown, e.g., during head trauma, severe epilepsy, inflammation and other pathologic conditions, thrombin enters the brain and reaches high concentrations [11]. Yet, thrombin has been demonstrated within the central nervous system (CNS) ...
Selective stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson`s
... this pathway in movement control was reintroduced in a theoretical model of the basal ganglia circuitry in which, in contrast to the classical model, three pathways were described, namely the direct, indirect and the ‘hyperdirect’ pathway (Nambu, et al., 2002). Thus the classical concept is changed; ...
... this pathway in movement control was reintroduced in a theoretical model of the basal ganglia circuitry in which, in contrast to the classical model, three pathways were described, namely the direct, indirect and the ‘hyperdirect’ pathway (Nambu, et al., 2002). Thus the classical concept is changed; ...
What clinical disorders tell us about the neural
... Clinical studies of patients with saccadic disorders, and studies of the effects on saccades of brain lesions in animals, have led to the development of quantitative hypotheses (models) of the neural control of saccades. These models simulate normal saccades well, but are challenged by clinical diso ...
... Clinical studies of patients with saccadic disorders, and studies of the effects on saccades of brain lesions in animals, have led to the development of quantitative hypotheses (models) of the neural control of saccades. These models simulate normal saccades well, but are challenged by clinical diso ...
Behavioural Brain Research Ventral pallidum roles in reward and
... (the extent of damage is not clear from the published report of the still-living patient). In a second recent case [80], a patient with bilateral damage to the globus pallidus (the lesion is described by the authors as perhaps extending into the ventral pallidum) reported an “inability to feel emoti ...
... (the extent of damage is not clear from the published report of the still-living patient). In a second recent case [80], a patient with bilateral damage to the globus pallidus (the lesion is described by the authors as perhaps extending into the ventral pallidum) reported an “inability to feel emoti ...
Cognitive neuroscience
Cognitive neuroscience is an academic field concerned with the scientific study of biological substrates underlying cognition, with a specific focus on the neural substrates of mental processes. It addresses the questions of how psychological/cognitive functions are produced by neural circuits in the brain. Cognitive neuroscience is a branch of both psychology and neuroscience, overlapping with disciplines such as physiological psychology, cognitive psychology, and neuropsychology. Cognitive neuroscience relies upon theories in cognitive science coupled with evidence from neuropsychology, and computational modeling.Due to its multidisciplinary nature, cognitive neuroscientists may have various backgrounds. Other than the associated disciplines just mentioned, cognitive neuroscientists may have backgrounds in neurobiology, bioengineering, psychiatry, neurology, physics, computer science, linguistics, philosophy, and mathematics.Methods employed in cognitive neuroscience include experimental paradigms from psychophysics and cognitive psychology, functional neuroimaging, electrophysiology, cognitive genomics, and behavioral genetics. Studies of patients with cognitive deficits due to brain lesions constitute an important aspect of cognitive neuroscience. Theoretical approaches include computational neuroscience and cognitive psychology.Cognitive neuroscience can look at the effects of damage to the brain and subsequent changes in the thought processes due to changes in neural circuitry resulting from the ensued damage. Also, cognitive abilities based on brain development is studied and examined under the subfield of developmental cognitive neuroscience.