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... impulsive and “irrational”, and succumbing easily to the temptations of short term pleasures. One possible example of this is addiction, where behavior seems to be driven by the early and immediate positive experiences with drugs, despite the often remote or delayed adverse consequences of continued ...
Neuroanatomical characteristics of deep and superficial needling
Neuroanatomical characteristics of deep and superficial needling

... analysed the data. JC and WB wrote the paper. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Funding This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project Code No. 81373557; No. 81403327; No. 81330087), the National Basic Research Program of China (973 program, No. ...
Neurodynamical modeling of arbitrary visuomotor tasks
Neurodynamical modeling of arbitrary visuomotor tasks

... learning must be considered more carefully. After a short overview of the modeling literature, we present an extensive summary of the work done during the PhD. We conclude the introductory chapter with an outlook and future ideas for further modeling work. After the introduction, we present in four ...
Language repetition and short-term memory: an integrative
Language repetition and short-term memory: an integrative

Network Layer
Network Layer

Multistable representation of speech forms: a functional - GIPSA-Lab
Multistable representation of speech forms: a functional - GIPSA-Lab

... transformations. The choice of a mental repetition condition as baseline was made to minimize cerebral activations not directly associated with the verbal transformation task, considering that both conditions share a common primary process, that is, the mental repetition of the (same) speech sequenc ...
Viewpoint - Columbia University
Viewpoint - Columbia University

... is motivated by a remarkable and puzzling correlation between single-neuron dynamics in LIP and shifts in spatial attention found recently by two of the authors (Bisley and Goldberg, 2003, 2006). We arrive at a circuit explanation of this puzzle that not only suggests a more general answer to the qu ...
Understanding Structural-Functional Relationships in the Human
Understanding Structural-Functional Relationships in the Human

... model, the nodes are usually determined by the parcellation of a spatially continuous cortical manifold into homogeneous and unique regions (Park and Friston 2013). However, it is difficult to define the nodes of brain networks at the macroscopic scale because agreements have not been reached regard ...
Sample Chapter - Brookings Institution
Sample Chapter - Brookings Institution

... and harder to manage and control. More players with weaker links to policymakers combined to create a twin dilemma: big performance problems along with weakened accountability. That did not necessarily mean that effective and responsive government was doomed. Out of the expansive programs and comple ...
neural representation and the cortical code
neural representation and the cortical code

... signals that have a functional role in representation and those that do not, even in some cases where perturbations of the system are not feasible. In the example presented in Figure 1, the signals of neurons B1 and B2 are highly similar. But assume that because of independent noise in each signal, ...
PDF - WordPress @ Clark U
PDF - WordPress @ Clark U

... present in the ventral aspect of the neural tube (column 4), the number of GFP⫹/marker⫹ cells was determined (column 5). The percentages displayed in Table 1 are an average of percentages calculated from each spinal cord section examined (columns 2, 5, and 8). The standard deviation of each set of p ...
The language of action: verbs, simulation and motor chains
The language of action: verbs, simulation and motor chains

... asked to execute a grip appropriate to the object size (e.g., a precision grip with a small object), whereas in incompatible trials the participant is asked to execute a grip which is not appropriate to the object size (e.g., a precision grip with a large object). If the participants employ longer r ...
Neural Control of Eye Movements
Neural Control of Eye Movements

... •  Lis3ng’s Law – Any eye posiDon can be described by rotaDon of the eye from primary posiDon about a single axis lying in a specific fronto-parallel plane (“LisDng’s plane”). •  LisDng’s Law usually holds true for steady gaze posiDons and with the head sDll and upright, but it is violated duri ...
REVIEWS - Institute for Applied Psychometrics
REVIEWS - Institute for Applied Psychometrics

Neural representation of object orientation: A dissociation between
Neural representation of object orientation: A dissociation between

... ROI for each participant were obtained by extracting the beta weights from a univariate GLM modeling the 10 contiguous timepoints (FIR model) for each condition starting with the stimulus onset. For each ROI the peak beta weights for each condition were identified by testing the timepoint with the hi ...
Synchronous Oscillatory Neural Ensembles for Rules in the
Synchronous Oscillatory Neural Ensembles for Rules in the

Gustatory processing is dynamic and distributed Donald B
Gustatory processing is dynamic and distributed Donald B

... (PbN). From the brainstem, taste information is transmitted to the thalamocortical system, amygdala and hypothalamus. Such descriptions of the circuitry usually ignore the fact that the gustatory system is made-up of networks of feedforward and feedback pathways. Figure 1b presents a simple reconcep ...
Dynamic functional reorganization of the motor execution network
Dynamic functional reorganization of the motor execution network

... approach, based on an elegant representation of nodes (vertices) and links (edges) between pairs of nodes, describes important properties of complex systems by quantifying topologies of network representations (Boccaletti et al., 2006). Nodes in large-scale brain networks usually represent anatomic ...
A neurocomputational model of the mammalian fear
A neurocomputational model of the mammalian fear

Cellular, synaptic and network effects of neuromodulation
Cellular, synaptic and network effects of neuromodulation

... commonly assumed to be due to experimental measurement errors. Because we have learned from modeling studies that very similar intrinsic properties can be produced by different conductance densities (Goldman et al., 2001; Golowasch et al., 2002), this suggests that individual biological neurons of t ...
Perception Processing for General Intelligence
Perception Processing for General Intelligence

Neural coding of basic reward terms of animal
Neural coding of basic reward terms of animal

Propagation of cortical synfire activity: survival probability in single
Propagation of cortical synfire activity: survival probability in single

Efficient coding and the neural representation of value
Efficient coding and the neural representation of value

Neuronal networks for induced `40 Hz` rhythms
Neuronal networks for induced `40 Hz` rhythms

... occur in brief bursts with a considerable jitter in the frequency”, so any correlation could conceivably be smudgedout when measurementsare averagedduring 0.5s runs of an EEG, or 20 cycles at 40 Hz; Ref. 28). However,the reasons for these discrepanciesremain unresolved. Coherent rhythms might have o ...
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Recurrent neural network

A recurrent neural network (RNN) is a class of artificial neural network where connections between units form a directed cycle. This creates an internal state of the network which allows it to exhibit dynamic temporal behavior. Unlike feedforward neural networks, RNNs can use their internal memory to process arbitrary sequences of inputs. This makes them applicable to tasks such as unsegmented connected handwriting recognition or speech recognition
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