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Imitation, Empathy, and Mirror Neurons
Imitation, Empathy, and Mirror Neurons

The polyvagal theory: phylogenetic substrates of
The polyvagal theory: phylogenetic substrates of

... that mammalian stress and coping response strategies are hierarchically ordered according to a phylogenetic stage ŽPorges, 1997, 1998.. Although research has demonstrated the relevance of neuroanatomical structures and neurophysiological processes to the expression of emotion and the regulation of s ...
The polyvagal theory: phylogenetic substrates of a
The polyvagal theory: phylogenetic substrates of a

... to target peripheral organs, including the sinoatrial node. This inhibitory system promotes calm states consistent with the metabolic demands of growth and restoration by slowing heart rate, lowering blood pressure, and inhibiting sympathetic activation at the level of the heart. The social engageme ...
The contribution of intrinsic membrane dynamics to fast network
The contribution of intrinsic membrane dynamics to fast network

... of networks of inhibitory LIF neurons depends on the time constants of the recurrent synaptic currents. With physiologically reasonable time constants, the population frequency is ⬎100 Hz and can be as high as 300 Hz, whereas single cells fire irregularly and at a much lower rate than the population ...
Learning place cells, grid cells and invariances: A unifying model
Learning place cells, grid cells and invariances: A unifying model

... We study the development of spatial representations in a network of rate-based neurons with interacting excitatory and inhibitory plasticity. A single model neuron that represents a cell in the hippocampal formation or adjacent areas receives feedforward input from excitatory and inhibitory synaptic ...
Dynamics of sensory processing in the dual olfactory pathway of the
Dynamics of sensory processing in the dual olfactory pathway of the

Structural and functional architecture of respiratory networks in the
Structural and functional architecture of respiratory networks in the

... challenging problem in neuroscience. Indeed, breathing is a dynamically mutable motor behaviour that not only performs a vital homeostatic function, but is also integrated with many other physiological functions controlled by the brainstem and Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B (2009) ...
Fine-scale specificity of cortical networks depends on inhibitory cell
Fine-scale specificity of cortical networks depends on inhibitory cell

... the same type, however, tend to receive local input from the same cortical layers. Most recently, it has been found that even neighboring neurons of the same anatomical type can, nevertheless, receive input from different sources22,23. This ‘fine-scale’ specificity has been demonstrated using method ...
Bio Chap 15 - mlfarrispsych
Bio Chap 15 - mlfarrispsych

Searching for Arthur Koestler`s Holons – a systemstheoretical
Searching for Arthur Koestler`s Holons – a systemstheoretical

... example of artificial neural networks and related constructions deserve primary attention. From a general point of view, such networks are hierarchical systems forming a kind of multilayer model. Its nodes (e.g., an artificial neuron) could be considered as holons in the sense of Koestler. After a ...
The Medial Frontal Cortex and the Rapid Processing of Monetary
The Medial Frontal Cortex and the Rapid Processing of Monetary

... Furthermore, a gain of 5, when the unchosen alternative was a gain of 25, corresponded to the incorrect (“error”) choice—the chosen response was less consistent than the alternative with the overall goal of maximizing gains and minimizing losses. In addition to these “loss-and-correct” and “gain-and ...
Bounded Integration in Parietal Cortex Underlies
Bounded Integration in Parietal Cortex Underlies

... MD) or by template matching (Alpha Omega). The time of action potentials, trial events, and horizontal/vertical eye positions were stored at 1 kHz for analysis. We targeted neurons in the ventral division of area LIP (LIPv) (Lewis and Van Essen, 2000) by registering our MRI scans with a highresoluti ...
- White Rose Research Online
- White Rose Research Online

... The MSN dendrite models predicted that half of all dendritic spines are within 100mm of the soma. The constructed networks predict distributions of gap junctions between FSI dendrites, synaptic contacts between MSNs, and synaptic inputs from FSIs to MSNs that are consistent with current estimates. T ...
Testing Promotes Long-Term Learning via Stabilizing Activation
Testing Promotes Long-Term Learning via Stabilizing Activation

... (BA 45/46), the left precuneus (BA 39) and the bilateral superior parietal lobule (BA 7). These results were considered to be evidence that repeated testing reduces cognitive control demands during future episodic retrieval by making the cue-target link easier to process (Kuhl et al. 2007). Further ...
Temporal Patterning of Neural Progenitors in Drosophila
Temporal Patterning of Neural Progenitors in Drosophila

... acts in GMCs or young neurons to control the temporal identity of mushroom body neurons (Zhu et al., 2006). Although Chinmo mRNA is equally expressed throughout the entire NB lineage, Chinmo protein shows a temporal gradient in the neuronal progeny. It is absent in NBs and is expressed at its highes ...
hoofdstuk 8 - VU-dare
hoofdstuk 8 - VU-dare

... previous waves of this longitudinal study: mean age at study entrance was 10.8 (SD 1.5) and at wave three 12.9 (SD 1.5) (Domburgh et al., 2009). The dimensional distribution of psychopathic traits, capturing its entire severity range, was ensured by recruiting low-risk (those without a Disruptive Be ...
A neural theory of speech acquisition and production
A neural theory of speech acquisition and production

... regions of superior temporal cortex (pathways not shown in Fig. 1). These pathways are generally omitted from current implementations of the DIVA model for simplicity, although they are necessary for a more complete description of speech acquisition and production. The inputs along these pathways ma ...
Fluctuations in Perceptual Decisions  Panagiota Theodoni
Fluctuations in Perceptual Decisions Panagiota Theodoni

... word in science. How could we study subjectivity objectively? This was the main obstacle, since objectivation is a “pillar” of science, although debatable (Schrödinger 1967). The bridge to this gap came, in the second half of 19th century, from Franz Brentano who suggested three different forms of c ...
Reinforcement learning, conditioning, and the brain
Reinforcement learning, conditioning, and the brain

What Can an Orbitofrontal Cortex- Endowed Animal
What Can an Orbitofrontal Cortex- Endowed Animal

Reduced functional connectivity within and between `social` resting
Reduced functional connectivity within and between `social` resting

... extent task-based differences in specific brain regions in ASC are reflected in different connectivity patterns of their respective brain networks at rest. While the previously observed reduced connectivity within the default mode network in ASC suggests this may be true for regions like mPFC and TP ...
LINKING PROPOSITIONS*
LINKING PROPOSITIONS*

Neural Encoding I: Firing Rates and Spike Statistics
Neural Encoding I: Firing Rates and Spike Statistics

... Action potentials convey information through their timing. Although action potentials can vary somewhat in duration, amplitude, and shape, they are typically treated in neural encoding studies as identical stereotyped events. If we ignore the brief duration of an action potential (about 1 ms), an ac ...
NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS NEURONAL ACTIVITY DURING A
NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS NEURONAL ACTIVITY DURING A

... Parkinson, Connor, Dickinson, & Everitt, 2001). Indeed, animals with NAc lesions, even if made after FOC, are unable to use the motivational value of a CS to acquire and express new responses in SOC (McDannald, Setlow, & Holland, 2013). Further, disconnection lesions of the basolateral amygdala (BLA ...
Undulatory locomotion of polychaete annelids - FORTH-ICS
Undulatory locomotion of polychaete annelids - FORTH-ICS

... Each neuron of the CPG is modelled as a leaky integrator and is considered to encapsulate the effect of a whole population of functionally similar neurons in the biological CPG. Each segmental oscillator considered in our computational model is composed of two symmetrical sub-networks (denoted as le ...
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Recurrent neural network

A recurrent neural network (RNN) is a class of artificial neural network where connections between units form a directed cycle. This creates an internal state of the network which allows it to exhibit dynamic temporal behavior. Unlike feedforward neural networks, RNNs can use their internal memory to process arbitrary sequences of inputs. This makes them applicable to tasks such as unsegmented connected handwriting recognition or speech recognition
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