Choline Signal Changes after Choline
... and white matter in subjects with ADHD are also present in their unaffected siblings suggesting that they are related to an increased familial risk for the disorder. In contrast, the cerebellum is unaffected in siblings suggesting that the volume’s reduction observed in subjects with ADHD may be mor ...
... and white matter in subjects with ADHD are also present in their unaffected siblings suggesting that they are related to an increased familial risk for the disorder. In contrast, the cerebellum is unaffected in siblings suggesting that the volume’s reduction observed in subjects with ADHD may be mor ...
A visual processing task: Retina and V1
... This raises the general question: how to measure the receptive field of a cell without biasing the result, or, how to know what the cell codes for? A big problem in answering this question is the enormous dimension of the stimulus space; it has as many dimensions as there are pixels in the image. Fo ...
... This raises the general question: how to measure the receptive field of a cell without biasing the result, or, how to know what the cell codes for? A big problem in answering this question is the enormous dimension of the stimulus space; it has as many dimensions as there are pixels in the image. Fo ...
pain and emotion interactions in subregions of the cingulate gyrus
... acute noxious stimulation4,5 but do not fit easily into the two-domain model of pain processing. Most important in the present context is the fact that several limbic structures are activated during noxious stimulation of the body, and these medially-located structures are collectively referred to a ...
... acute noxious stimulation4,5 but do not fit easily into the two-domain model of pain processing. Most important in the present context is the fact that several limbic structures are activated during noxious stimulation of the body, and these medially-located structures are collectively referred to a ...
Knockdown of the Dyslexia-Associated Gene
... et al. 2012; Ranasinghe, Vrana, et al. 2012; Ranasinghe, Carraway, et al. 2012). We chose this method because our earlier studies showed that the performance of this classifier is highly correlated with rat behavioral discrimination (Engineer et al. 2008; Shetake et al. 2011; Perez et al. 2012; Ranas ...
... et al. 2012; Ranasinghe, Vrana, et al. 2012; Ranasinghe, Carraway, et al. 2012). We chose this method because our earlier studies showed that the performance of this classifier is highly correlated with rat behavioral discrimination (Engineer et al. 2008; Shetake et al. 2011; Perez et al. 2012; Ranas ...
Presumptions about the Mechanics and Causes of
... Unfortunately, this is the only claim in the article from the Los Angeles Times that is still supported in Neuroscience today. The article continues by saying that the inflammation of the nervous system is caused by “digestive evils” [2]. The conclusion that migraines are a condition of the digestiv ...
... Unfortunately, this is the only claim in the article from the Los Angeles Times that is still supported in Neuroscience today. The article continues by saying that the inflammation of the nervous system is caused by “digestive evils” [2]. The conclusion that migraines are a condition of the digestiv ...
Using neuroimaging to evaluate models of working memory and
... refers to the advantage in immediate serial recall for items that sound distinct (e.g. pig, bun, car), as compared to items that sound alike (e.g. mat, mad, map) (Conrad, Freeman, & Hull, 1965), and is assumed to arise from interference among items in the store having a similar phonological code. Th ...
... refers to the advantage in immediate serial recall for items that sound distinct (e.g. pig, bun, car), as compared to items that sound alike (e.g. mat, mad, map) (Conrad, Freeman, & Hull, 1965), and is assumed to arise from interference among items in the store having a similar phonological code. Th ...
The Choice of Discount Rate for Climate Change Policy Evaluation
... welfare function (to indicate how individuals or societies should behave).5 In these models, parameters are selected to generate plausible behavioral responses. But the absence of a distinction between a behavioral function and a social welfare function means that the same parameters employed to gen ...
... welfare function (to indicate how individuals or societies should behave).5 In these models, parameters are selected to generate plausible behavioral responses. But the absence of a distinction between a behavioral function and a social welfare function means that the same parameters employed to gen ...
Neuronal Clusters in the Primate Motor Cortex during Interception of
... identified previously in human subjects. Single-cell activity was recorded from the arm area of the primary motor cortex in these two animals, and the neurons were classified based on the temporal patterns in their activity, using a nonhierarchical cluster analysis. Results of this analysis revealed ...
... identified previously in human subjects. Single-cell activity was recorded from the arm area of the primary motor cortex in these two animals, and the neurons were classified based on the temporal patterns in their activity, using a nonhierarchical cluster analysis. Results of this analysis revealed ...
Connections Between the Retrosplenial Cortex and the
... Nissl preparations that distinguishes it from the adjacent cortical areas (Fig. 1). Laterally and rostrally Rdg is bordered by lateral agranular (motor) cortex (Donoghue and Wise, 1982) and caudally and laterally Rdg is bounded by area 18b (Fig. 1); the border between Rdg and area 18b is characteriz ...
... Nissl preparations that distinguishes it from the adjacent cortical areas (Fig. 1). Laterally and rostrally Rdg is bordered by lateral agranular (motor) cortex (Donoghue and Wise, 1982) and caudally and laterally Rdg is bounded by area 18b (Fig. 1); the border between Rdg and area 18b is characteriz ...
BMC Neuroscience
... with each other [15], and with distant sensory and association areas [17-20]. Here we tested whether geographic proximity or cortical type best explains the pattern of commissural projections linking prefrontal cortices. The prefrontal cortex is an ideal model system to investigate patterns of commi ...
... with each other [15], and with distant sensory and association areas [17-20]. Here we tested whether geographic proximity or cortical type best explains the pattern of commissural projections linking prefrontal cortices. The prefrontal cortex is an ideal model system to investigate patterns of commi ...
The Emerging Roles of Oxytocin in Rhythmic Prolactin Release
... between dopamine neurons and lactotrophs. 2. The prolactin rhythm can be induced by mating, or in OVX animals, by cervical stimulation, central or peripheral prolactin injection, or peripheral oxytocin injection. 3. Oxytocin at the lactotroph is necessary for the expression of the CS-induced rhythm, ...
... between dopamine neurons and lactotrophs. 2. The prolactin rhythm can be induced by mating, or in OVX animals, by cervical stimulation, central or peripheral prolactin injection, or peripheral oxytocin injection. 3. Oxytocin at the lactotroph is necessary for the expression of the CS-induced rhythm, ...
skinner box - Educational Psychology Interactive
... 1935). Generally, a Skinner box is soundproof and lightresistant, and usually contains a bar or lever to be pressed by the animal to either gain a reward or avoid a painful stimulus. An operant chamber allows the researcher to experimentally manipulate environmental stimuli and measure their impact ...
... 1935). Generally, a Skinner box is soundproof and lightresistant, and usually contains a bar or lever to be pressed by the animal to either gain a reward or avoid a painful stimulus. An operant chamber allows the researcher to experimentally manipulate environmental stimuli and measure their impact ...
Functional neuroanatomy of the primate isocortical motor system
... and transform different aspects of sensory information into appropriate motor commands. The aim of this review is to give a concise overview of the anatomical and functional organization of the agranular frontal isocortex in macaques and to discuss possible mechanisms how parietal and frontal areas ...
... and transform different aspects of sensory information into appropriate motor commands. The aim of this review is to give a concise overview of the anatomical and functional organization of the agranular frontal isocortex in macaques and to discuss possible mechanisms how parietal and frontal areas ...
Looking for the roots of cortical sensory computation in three
... patterns of activity in the bulb by direct stimulation of ensembles of glomeruli using photo-uncaging of glutamate [64] or optogenetic stimulation [70]. These studies indicate that individual PCx neurons respond selectively to distinct combinations of active glomeruli [64] and are sensitive to th ...
... patterns of activity in the bulb by direct stimulation of ensembles of glomeruli using photo-uncaging of glutamate [64] or optogenetic stimulation [70]. These studies indicate that individual PCx neurons respond selectively to distinct combinations of active glomeruli [64] and are sensitive to th ...
Visual adaptation: Neural, psychological and computational aspects
... led to models of contextual modulation that can be directly tested against neuronal data from visual cortex (e.g. Rao & Ballard, 1999; Schwartz & Simoncelli, 2001). While such approaches have largely been applied to neuronal data on simultaneous spatial context, there have been only preliminary stud ...
... led to models of contextual modulation that can be directly tested against neuronal data from visual cortex (e.g. Rao & Ballard, 1999; Schwartz & Simoncelli, 2001). While such approaches have largely been applied to neuronal data on simultaneous spatial context, there have been only preliminary stud ...
development and plasticity of cortical areas and networks
... homozygous mutants, caudolateral areas are expanded and rostrolateral areas are contracted30. Conversely, Emx2 is expressed in a low-rostrolateral–high-caudomedial gradient31,32 and the mutants show shrinkage of caudomedial cortex and an expansion of rostrolateral cortex. These shifts are shown both ...
... homozygous mutants, caudolateral areas are expanded and rostrolateral areas are contracted30. Conversely, Emx2 is expressed in a low-rostrolateral–high-caudomedial gradient31,32 and the mutants show shrinkage of caudomedial cortex and an expansion of rostrolateral cortex. These shifts are shown both ...
actively spiking compared with non-spiking human epileptic
... aspartic acid produces both seizures and morphological changes in the hippocampus which were qualitatively similar to the changes observed in temporal lobe of epileptic patients. Similarly, Piredda and Gale' have recently demonstrated the ability of aspartic acid to induce bilateral motor seizures w ...
... aspartic acid produces both seizures and morphological changes in the hippocampus which were qualitatively similar to the changes observed in temporal lobe of epileptic patients. Similarly, Piredda and Gale' have recently demonstrated the ability of aspartic acid to induce bilateral motor seizures w ...
- Journal of Adolescent Health
... that contribute to learning. In healthy individuals, the PFC supports cognitive control—the ability to filter and suppress information and actions in favor of shifting attention to relevant information and responses [15]. The PFC is also important for making the association between stimuli and its re ...
... that contribute to learning. In healthy individuals, the PFC supports cognitive control—the ability to filter and suppress information and actions in favor of shifting attention to relevant information and responses [15]. The PFC is also important for making the association between stimuli and its re ...
development and plasticity of cortical areas and networks
... homozygous mutants, caudolateral areas are expanded and rostrolateral areas are contracted30. Conversely, Emx2 is expressed in a low-rostrolateral–high-caudomedial gradient31,32 and the mutants show shrinkage of caudomedial cortex and an expansion of rostrolateral cortex. These shifts are shown both ...
... homozygous mutants, caudolateral areas are expanded and rostrolateral areas are contracted30. Conversely, Emx2 is expressed in a low-rostrolateral–high-caudomedial gradient31,32 and the mutants show shrinkage of caudomedial cortex and an expansion of rostrolateral cortex. These shifts are shown both ...
The Impact of Prior Experience With Cross-Modal
... likelihood of behavioral responses. For example, while coincident presentation of a light and sound at a target location will enhance the likelihood of an animal approaching the target accurately (Stein, Meredith, Huneycutt, & McDade, 1989), simultaneous presentation of light and sound from differen ...
... likelihood of behavioral responses. For example, while coincident presentation of a light and sound at a target location will enhance the likelihood of an animal approaching the target accurately (Stein, Meredith, Huneycutt, & McDade, 1989), simultaneous presentation of light and sound from differen ...
Fifty years of CPGs: two neuroethological papers that shaped BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
... feedback and intact descending control from “higher centers” (Grillner, 1975, 1981; Clarac, 2008). Hughes and Wiersma (1960) and Wilson (1961) contradicted that consensus. The Discussions of both papers explicitly addressed this contradiction, and pointed out the broad significance of their results. ...
... feedback and intact descending control from “higher centers” (Grillner, 1975, 1981; Clarac, 2008). Hughes and Wiersma (1960) and Wilson (1961) contradicted that consensus. The Discussions of both papers explicitly addressed this contradiction, and pointed out the broad significance of their results. ...
Plasticity of Sensory and Motor Maps in Adult Mammals
... experiments in the somatosensory system. Thus, "Are other sensory and motor systems capable of reorganization?" Recent experiments on the motor, visual and auditory systems suggest that the capacity to rcorganizc characterizes all central representations and maybe a general feature of brain tissue. ...
... experiments in the somatosensory system. Thus, "Are other sensory and motor systems capable of reorganization?" Recent experiments on the motor, visual and auditory systems suggest that the capacity to rcorganizc characterizes all central representations and maybe a general feature of brain tissue. ...
review ecology and neurobiology of toxin avoidance and the
... evolved to interfere with signaling in the CNS and peripheral nervous system (PNS). Psychoactive plant-based drugs fall into this category. It is striking that different plant compounds interfere with nearly every step in neuronal signaling, including (1) neurotransmitter synthesis, storage, release ...
... evolved to interfere with signaling in the CNS and peripheral nervous system (PNS). Psychoactive plant-based drugs fall into this category. It is striking that different plant compounds interfere with nearly every step in neuronal signaling, including (1) neurotransmitter synthesis, storage, release ...
Strasbourg, 15 April 1996 - Neurobiology and Developmental
... Title: “Novel treatment for smoking dependence and relapse”. The goal of this study is to determine how repetitive trans-cranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) alters the effects of chronic exposure to cigarette smoke on the rat P13 potential. Recently submitted grants 1. Pilot study Center for Transla ...
... Title: “Novel treatment for smoking dependence and relapse”. The goal of this study is to determine how repetitive trans-cranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) alters the effects of chronic exposure to cigarette smoke on the rat P13 potential. Recently submitted grants 1. Pilot study Center for Transla ...