On the relevance of time in neural computation and learning
... KrLuger and Aiple [24]. Each =ring is denoted by a vertical bar, with a separate row for each neuron. For comparison we have shaded an interval of 150 ms. This time span is known to suMce for the completion of some complex multilayer cortical computations. ...
... KrLuger and Aiple [24]. Each =ring is denoted by a vertical bar, with a separate row for each neuron. For comparison we have shaded an interval of 150 ms. This time span is known to suMce for the completion of some complex multilayer cortical computations. ...
Sparse Coding in the Neocortex
... For example, consider a collection of 5 x 5 pixel images that each contain one block letter of the alphabet. If we looked at the histogram of any given pixel, we might discover that the pixel was on roughly half the time. However, if we were to represent these letters with templates that respond un ...
... For example, consider a collection of 5 x 5 pixel images that each contain one block letter of the alphabet. If we looked at the histogram of any given pixel, we might discover that the pixel was on roughly half the time. However, if we were to represent these letters with templates that respond un ...
T3 Final Paper - Drew University
... regulates behavior through the release of dopamine (3). Furthermore, it is not necessary for the neuronal messages to pass through the thalamus between the olfactory bulb or the primary olfactory cortex and the orbitofrontal cortex. The piriform cortex and the olfactory bulb send direct projections ...
... regulates behavior through the release of dopamine (3). Furthermore, it is not necessary for the neuronal messages to pass through the thalamus between the olfactory bulb or the primary olfactory cortex and the orbitofrontal cortex. The piriform cortex and the olfactory bulb send direct projections ...
Some insights into computational models of (patho)physiological
... the most complex system in nature. Therefore understanding its functions offers a great challenge to biological and physical sciences. Neurobiological research yields new and detailed knowledge at a very high rate but it is becoming clear that to understand how the brain works it is not enough to ac ...
... the most complex system in nature. Therefore understanding its functions offers a great challenge to biological and physical sciences. Neurobiological research yields new and detailed knowledge at a very high rate but it is becoming clear that to understand how the brain works it is not enough to ac ...
Warm pleasant feelings in the brain
... of cool stimuli, but affective value (pleasantness and unpleasantness) ratings were not obtained, and warm stimuli were not used (Craig et al., 2000). In another PET study, activations to warmth were found in the orbitofrontal cortex, but no potential correlations with pleasantness ratings were inve ...
... of cool stimuli, but affective value (pleasantness and unpleasantness) ratings were not obtained, and warm stimuli were not used (Craig et al., 2000). In another PET study, activations to warmth were found in the orbitofrontal cortex, but no potential correlations with pleasantness ratings were inve ...
Effects of lithium and valproate on amphetamine
... Objective: Previous studies have suggested that oxidative stress may play a role in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD). Moreover, recent studies indicate that lithium and valproate exert neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress. We studied the effects of the mood stabilizers lithiu ...
... Objective: Previous studies have suggested that oxidative stress may play a role in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD). Moreover, recent studies indicate that lithium and valproate exert neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress. We studied the effects of the mood stabilizers lithiu ...
How the brain uses time to represent and process visual information
... code to be identified. Difficulties arise in the mammalian central nervous system, because of the presence of temporal structure at both very short [12,15] and very long [13,52] timescales, and the intrinsic variability of responses that may or may not be a part of the coding scheme. These difficult ...
... code to be identified. Difficulties arise in the mammalian central nervous system, because of the presence of temporal structure at both very short [12,15] and very long [13,52] timescales, and the intrinsic variability of responses that may or may not be a part of the coding scheme. These difficult ...
The Neuropsychopharmacology of Stimulants
... Male Fischer 344 (F344) rats (3-6 months old) were anesthetized with urethane (1.25 g/kg i.p. in 0.9% saline). After placement into a stereotaxic frame (Kopf, Tujunga, CA, USA) with the incisor bar set at -2.3 mm, the rat striatum was prepared for study. Body temperature was maintained by use of an ...
... Male Fischer 344 (F344) rats (3-6 months old) were anesthetized with urethane (1.25 g/kg i.p. in 0.9% saline). After placement into a stereotaxic frame (Kopf, Tujunga, CA, USA) with the incisor bar set at -2.3 mm, the rat striatum was prepared for study. Body temperature was maintained by use of an ...
Neuroscience, Fifth Edition
... BOX 18B HUNTINGTON’S DISEASE 411 BOX 18C DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION 412 BOX 18D BASAL GANGLIA LOOPS AND NON-MOTOR ...
... BOX 18B HUNTINGTON’S DISEASE 411 BOX 18C DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION 412 BOX 18D BASAL GANGLIA LOOPS AND NON-MOTOR ...
Sleep and metabolism: Role of hypothalamic
... anterior hypothalamus as well as GABAergic cells in the median preoptic area.2–4 These subcorticallymediated transitions are then followed by low frequency oscillations in the neocortex, which contribute to the distinctive scalp EEG patterns characteristic of sleep. There are three major groups of w ...
... anterior hypothalamus as well as GABAergic cells in the median preoptic area.2–4 These subcorticallymediated transitions are then followed by low frequency oscillations in the neocortex, which contribute to the distinctive scalp EEG patterns characteristic of sleep. There are three major groups of w ...
cortico-cortical feedback controls spatial summation in
... cortical areas, communicating via complex feedforward-feedback pathways. While feedforward pathways have been a focus of study, the role of the feedback pathway has remained poorly understood. Here we have developed a novel viral vector combination allowing for selective optogenetic inactivation of ...
... cortical areas, communicating via complex feedforward-feedback pathways. While feedforward pathways have been a focus of study, the role of the feedback pathway has remained poorly understood. Here we have developed a novel viral vector combination allowing for selective optogenetic inactivation of ...
Code-specific policy gradient rules for spiking neurons
... The term Fj − µj fluctuates around zero on a trial-to-trial basis. If these fluctuations are positively correlated with the trial fluctuations of the reward R, i.e., hR(Fj − µj )i > 0, higher values of Fj lead to higher reward, so that the mean of the coding feature should be increased. This increas ...
... The term Fj − µj fluctuates around zero on a trial-to-trial basis. If these fluctuations are positively correlated with the trial fluctuations of the reward R, i.e., hR(Fj − µj )i > 0, higher values of Fj lead to higher reward, so that the mean of the coding feature should be increased. This increas ...
Cerebellar Affective Syndrome Expanding Our Thinking About the
... Kaufer presented cases vignettes of cerebellar conditions with associated emotional and cognitive changes, some difficult to distinguish from FTD or Frontal AD varients Hurley observed pubmed citations: Cerebellum + cognition= 620 Cerebellum + mood=136 Cerebellum + psychosis=109 ...
... Kaufer presented cases vignettes of cerebellar conditions with associated emotional and cognitive changes, some difficult to distinguish from FTD or Frontal AD varients Hurley observed pubmed citations: Cerebellum + cognition= 620 Cerebellum + mood=136 Cerebellum + psychosis=109 ...
Alexander et al., 2009
... neuron populations of interest and achieving Cre-dependent DREADD expression (Ferguson et al., 2011). Selective expression can be achieved using Cre-driven transgenic or knock-in animal lines, or through the administration of a second virus-driving expression of Cre-recombinase. This Cre-recombinati ...
... neuron populations of interest and achieving Cre-dependent DREADD expression (Ferguson et al., 2011). Selective expression can be achieved using Cre-driven transgenic or knock-in animal lines, or through the administration of a second virus-driving expression of Cre-recombinase. This Cre-recombinati ...
Brain Part
... Most basic functions (sensory & motor) are equally controlled by both left & right hemispheres (remember communication exists through corpus callosum). o However, for some association functions, one hemisphere has greater control over language-related activities including speech, writing, reading, m ...
... Most basic functions (sensory & motor) are equally controlled by both left & right hemispheres (remember communication exists through corpus callosum). o However, for some association functions, one hemisphere has greater control over language-related activities including speech, writing, reading, m ...
Increased prefrontal activity and reduced motor cortex
... related tasks (Ranganathan et al., 2004), but it is still a controversial issue with large individual differences. Although, one must also remember that there are differences between motor imagery and execution, and it has been shown that there may be partially different activation patterns within t ...
... related tasks (Ranganathan et al., 2004), but it is still a controversial issue with large individual differences. Although, one must also remember that there are differences between motor imagery and execution, and it has been shown that there may be partially different activation patterns within t ...
Regulation of Neurosteroid Biosynthesis by Neurotransmitters and
... is evidence that sulfated neurosteroids and NPY are involved in the regulation of similar behavioral activities. For instance, ∆5PS and DHEAS, like NPY, are implicated in the control of food intake in rodents (Reddy and Kulkarni 1998; Schwartz et al. 2000). Similarly, ∆5PS and NPY are known to regul ...
... is evidence that sulfated neurosteroids and NPY are involved in the regulation of similar behavioral activities. For instance, ∆5PS and DHEAS, like NPY, are implicated in the control of food intake in rodents (Reddy and Kulkarni 1998; Schwartz et al. 2000). Similarly, ∆5PS and NPY are known to regul ...
response preparation and inhibition: the role of the
... restored back to its prestimulus state by the prefrontal NO-GO signal in the NO-GO condition. Thus far, however, empirical data directly supporting this scenario have been lacking. Single unit evidence of motor preparation in behaving monkeys performing GO/NO-GO paradigms came from the delay period ...
... restored back to its prestimulus state by the prefrontal NO-GO signal in the NO-GO condition. Thus far, however, empirical data directly supporting this scenario have been lacking. Single unit evidence of motor preparation in behaving monkeys performing GO/NO-GO paradigms came from the delay period ...
A Self-Organizing Neural Network for Contour Integration through Synchronized Firing
... Contour integration in low-level vision is believed to occur based on lateral interaction between neurons with similar orientation tuning. The exact neural mechanisms underlying such interactions, and their developmental origins, are not well understood. This paper suggests through computational sim ...
... Contour integration in low-level vision is believed to occur based on lateral interaction between neurons with similar orientation tuning. The exact neural mechanisms underlying such interactions, and their developmental origins, are not well understood. This paper suggests through computational sim ...
IV. Model Application: the UAV Autonomous Learning in Unknown
... state-action matrix included from reinforcement learning [2, 34, ...
... state-action matrix included from reinforcement learning [2, 34, ...
Review The Neural Basis of Perceptual Learning
... and Levi, 1995; Fahle and Morgan, 1996). Other visual perceptual tasks that improve with training include the ability to discriminate orientation (Vogels and Orban, 1985; Shiu and Pashler, 1992; Schoups et al., 1995), the direction of motion (Ball and Sekuler, 1982, 1987), the differences in the wav ...
... and Levi, 1995; Fahle and Morgan, 1996). Other visual perceptual tasks that improve with training include the ability to discriminate orientation (Vogels and Orban, 1985; Shiu and Pashler, 1992; Schoups et al., 1995), the direction of motion (Ball and Sekuler, 1982, 1987), the differences in the wav ...
Neuromodulation and cortical function: BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN
... differences in the amount of suppression were noted depending upon the side of the slice being studied [246]. Later experiments in transverse slices revealed that cholinergic agonists have little effect in the outer molecular layer (receiving afferents from the lateral entorhinal cortex), but more s ...
... differences in the amount of suppression were noted depending upon the side of the slice being studied [246]. Later experiments in transverse slices revealed that cholinergic agonists have little effect in the outer molecular layer (receiving afferents from the lateral entorhinal cortex), but more s ...
Ch 6 Learning Notes
... enclosure in which an animal can make a specific response that is recorded, while the consequences of the response are ...
... enclosure in which an animal can make a specific response that is recorded, while the consequences of the response are ...
Brain Receptor Imaging - Society of Nuclear Medicine
... (1). Receptors can be characterized by their affinity and density; as proteins, they are degraded after a functional period by specific proteases. The function of receptors is obvious in direct neurotransmission, where the interaction of a presynaptically released transmitter with the postsynaptic r ...
... (1). Receptors can be characterized by their affinity and density; as proteins, they are degraded after a functional period by specific proteases. The function of receptors is obvious in direct neurotransmission, where the interaction of a presynaptically released transmitter with the postsynaptic r ...