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... were reduced for 10--20 s. This phenomenon has been observed in pyramidal cells of the PFC (Trettel and Levine 2003; Fortin et al. 2004; Bodor et al. 2005) and hippocampus (Pitler and Alger 1992) as well as the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum (Llano et al. 1991; Brenowitz and Regehr 2003). DSI has ...
... were reduced for 10--20 s. This phenomenon has been observed in pyramidal cells of the PFC (Trettel and Levine 2003; Fortin et al. 2004; Bodor et al. 2005) and hippocampus (Pitler and Alger 1992) as well as the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum (Llano et al. 1991; Brenowitz and Regehr 2003). DSI has ...
The Relationship Between Synchronization Among Neuronal
... found in the appendix (model 2). In addition, synaptic channels provided fast excitation and inhibition. These synaptic inuences were modeled using exponential functions, with the time constants and reversal potentials for AMPA (excitation) and GABAa (inhibition) receptor channels specied as in th ...
... found in the appendix (model 2). In addition, synaptic channels provided fast excitation and inhibition. These synaptic inuences were modeled using exponential functions, with the time constants and reversal potentials for AMPA (excitation) and GABAa (inhibition) receptor channels specied as in th ...
Executive Control Over Cognition: Stronger and Earlier Rule
... Human cognition is characterized by flexibility, the ability to select not only which action but which cognitive process to engage to best achieve the current behavioral objective. The ability to tailor information processing in the brain to rules, goals, or context is typically referred to as execu ...
... Human cognition is characterized by flexibility, the ability to select not only which action but which cognitive process to engage to best achieve the current behavioral objective. The ability to tailor information processing in the brain to rules, goals, or context is typically referred to as execu ...
recognition memory: what are the roles of the perirhinal cortex and
... occurs in the delay before an animal must make a familiarity discrimination about that stimulus22,34,41,46. Second, if an animal has been trained to expect rewards for repetitions of a target stimulus but not of non-target stimuli, responses to the target stimulus can be enhanced rather than reduced ...
... occurs in the delay before an animal must make a familiarity discrimination about that stimulus22,34,41,46. Second, if an animal has been trained to expect rewards for repetitions of a target stimulus but not of non-target stimuli, responses to the target stimulus can be enhanced rather than reduced ...
PDF-document - homepage.ruhr-uni
... attenuated and reappeared with the second push phase at the peripheral target. The activity was attenuated again in the third arm movement phase back to the start position, and low spontaneous or no activity prevailed until the first push phase of the next trial. The time course of somatosensory-mot ...
... attenuated and reappeared with the second push phase at the peripheral target. The activity was attenuated again in the third arm movement phase back to the start position, and low spontaneous or no activity prevailed until the first push phase of the next trial. The time course of somatosensory-mot ...
what distinguishes conscious experience from unconscious processes
... More specifically I wish to argue for the role of behaviour (which will be defined more fully as we progress) in helping shape our awareness and so our conscious experience. What will be suggested is that conscious awareness only makes sense in terms of behaviour. Doing so, I aim to show, is the sim ...
... More specifically I wish to argue for the role of behaviour (which will be defined more fully as we progress) in helping shape our awareness and so our conscious experience. What will be suggested is that conscious awareness only makes sense in terms of behaviour. Doing so, I aim to show, is the sim ...
File
... transplanted the SCN of wild-type hamsters into hamsters with this mutation. What result would you expect from this experiment, assuming that the SCN determines the period of the circadian rhythm? a) The recipients would have rhythmic activity with a variety of periods ranging from 20 to 24 hours. b ...
... transplanted the SCN of wild-type hamsters into hamsters with this mutation. What result would you expect from this experiment, assuming that the SCN determines the period of the circadian rhythm? a) The recipients would have rhythmic activity with a variety of periods ranging from 20 to 24 hours. b ...
Implantable microcoils for intracortical magnetic
... factors underlying this loss in performance are not fully known, implantation into the cortex is known to induce a foreign body response that can include inflammation as well as other adverse biological reactions. The formation of glial scarring around individual electrodes (11, 12) can alter or eve ...
... factors underlying this loss in performance are not fully known, implantation into the cortex is known to induce a foreign body response that can include inflammation as well as other adverse biological reactions. The formation of glial scarring around individual electrodes (11, 12) can alter or eve ...
Chronic multiunit recordings in behaving animals: advantages and
... function. By the use of multiunit recording, it becomes much easier to detect relatively weak interactions between neurons at different cortical locations. ...
... function. By the use of multiunit recording, it becomes much easier to detect relatively weak interactions between neurons at different cortical locations. ...
the evolution of body and brain, and of sensory
... vertebrates (Fig. 4-5), at the retinal level. Emitted or reflected light from the outside world is projected upon the retinal surface by an ocular apparatus and is captured by pigments of the rods and cones that transduce the energy of photons into electric nerve signals. In diurnal monkeys, cones p ...
... vertebrates (Fig. 4-5), at the retinal level. Emitted or reflected light from the outside world is projected upon the retinal surface by an ocular apparatus and is captured by pigments of the rods and cones that transduce the energy of photons into electric nerve signals. In diurnal monkeys, cones p ...
Discharge Rate of Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Neurons Is
... and did not completely and irreversibly cease to discharge during the first 20 min after APO administration (6 neurons did) were considered for all further analyses. All other units were excluded to avoid possible artifacts due to electrode displacements. The spike train of each neuron was divided i ...
... and did not completely and irreversibly cease to discharge during the first 20 min after APO administration (6 neurons did) were considered for all further analyses. All other units were excluded to avoid possible artifacts due to electrode displacements. The spike train of each neuron was divided i ...
The Basics Of Addiction Counseling
... with a general overview of the major theories and techniques used for addiction counseling. To be effective, addiction counselors and other helping professionals require concrete methods for correctly assessing clients and conceptualizing the problems associated with each individual. With a strong t ...
... with a general overview of the major theories and techniques used for addiction counseling. To be effective, addiction counselors and other helping professionals require concrete methods for correctly assessing clients and conceptualizing the problems associated with each individual. With a strong t ...
research_paper_.edt_
... food. After extinction, relearning can be accomplished at a more rapid rate compared to what was required initially. However, re-extinction occurs if the response is not strengthened again. Stimulus generalization occurs in both instrumental and classical conditioning. Stimulus generalization is eli ...
... food. After extinction, relearning can be accomplished at a more rapid rate compared to what was required initially. However, re-extinction occurs if the response is not strengthened again. Stimulus generalization occurs in both instrumental and classical conditioning. Stimulus generalization is eli ...
2. Reinforcement of avoidance Through Reduction of Shock
... when predators are close enough to strike “circa strike” danger is at its peak ...
... when predators are close enough to strike “circa strike” danger is at its peak ...
What in the brain tells us that this is pain - HAL
... “PIMO” in this review). This region does not contain, however, solely nociceptive networks, but represents in primates the main sensory receiving area of the spinothalamic system, and as such contributes to the processing of thermo-sensory, nociceptive, C-fibre tactile, and visceral input. Nocicepti ...
... “PIMO” in this review). This region does not contain, however, solely nociceptive networks, but represents in primates the main sensory receiving area of the spinothalamic system, and as such contributes to the processing of thermo-sensory, nociceptive, C-fibre tactile, and visceral input. Nocicepti ...
Table of Contents
... – (fMRI)functional magnetic resonance imaging – RealTable of Contents time MRI ...
... – (fMRI)functional magnetic resonance imaging – RealTable of Contents time MRI ...
GABAergic Influence on Taste Information in the Central Gustatory
... labeling studies that GABA receptors are present in the rNST but in contrast to the findings by Fu and colleagues that GABAB receptors are located throughout the rNST, suggest that GABAA but not GABAB receptors mediate GABA responses in these neurons. However, in this study only 12% of isolated neur ...
... labeling studies that GABA receptors are present in the rNST but in contrast to the findings by Fu and colleagues that GABAB receptors are located throughout the rNST, suggest that GABAA but not GABAB receptors mediate GABA responses in these neurons. However, in this study only 12% of isolated neur ...
Hemispheric Asymmetry Reduction in Older Adults
... and when they are asked to retrieve information from semantic memory, they normally encode the retrieval cues and retrieved information into episodic memory (incidental learning). Evidence of age-related asymmetry reductions during episodic encoding/ semantic retrieval was absent for several years b ...
... and when they are asked to retrieve information from semantic memory, they normally encode the retrieval cues and retrieved information into episodic memory (incidental learning). Evidence of age-related asymmetry reductions during episodic encoding/ semantic retrieval was absent for several years b ...
Thalamic Activity that Drives Visual Cortical Plasticity
... Readings for the week focus on sprouting, changing receptive fields and cortical remapping What patterns of neuronal activity follow a lesion? How do these changing patterns of activity play a role in plasticity? Specifically, what are the effects of depriving visual input from one eye on the LGN a ...
... Readings for the week focus on sprouting, changing receptive fields and cortical remapping What patterns of neuronal activity follow a lesion? How do these changing patterns of activity play a role in plasticity? Specifically, what are the effects of depriving visual input from one eye on the LGN a ...
Reelin and apolipoprotein E receptor 2 in the embryonic and mature
... to advance into the CP region. The majority of neurons arriving later are unable to bypass their predecessors, resulting in the formation of a misplaced CP in which the oldest neurons are on the outside (outside-in pattern). The cerebellum in reeler mice is greatly reduced in size and the Purkinje c ...
... to advance into the CP region. The majority of neurons arriving later are unable to bypass their predecessors, resulting in the formation of a misplaced CP in which the oldest neurons are on the outside (outside-in pattern). The cerebellum in reeler mice is greatly reduced in size and the Purkinje c ...
The Neural Bases of Cognitive Conflict and Control in Moral Judgment
... participants considered personal moral dilemmas, while “cognitive” brain areas associated with abstract reasoning and problem solving exhibited increased activity while participants considered impersonal moral dilemmas. Second, we found that reaction times (RTs) were, on average, considerably longer ...
... participants considered personal moral dilemmas, while “cognitive” brain areas associated with abstract reasoning and problem solving exhibited increased activity while participants considered impersonal moral dilemmas. Second, we found that reaction times (RTs) were, on average, considerably longer ...
Neural Coding and Auditory Perception
... the rate-ITD curves on the midline. A modification of the model based on this new analysis brought predictions in line with the psychophysical data. This work demonstrates that model predictions of psychophysical performance depend not only on the tuning characteristics of individual neurons (which ...
... the rate-ITD curves on the midline. A modification of the model based on this new analysis brought predictions in line with the psychophysical data. This work demonstrates that model predictions of psychophysical performance depend not only on the tuning characteristics of individual neurons (which ...
exuberance in the development of cortical
... with age in the uptake, transport and diffusion of axonally transported substances that are used to trace them. Some tracers (for example, lipophilic molecules such as carbocyanine dyes) label young, unmyelinated axons well but older, myelinated axons much less effectively. Other tracers tend to be ...
... with age in the uptake, transport and diffusion of axonally transported substances that are used to trace them. Some tracers (for example, lipophilic molecules such as carbocyanine dyes) label young, unmyelinated axons well but older, myelinated axons much less effectively. Other tracers tend to be ...
Mapping Retinotopic Structure in Mouse Visual Cortex with Optical
... area 17, we confirmed that the principal patches are located within the primary visual cortex. We determined the extent of area 17 with a maximum intensity projection of the intrinsic signal across all imaged single-condition maps and aligned the resulting map with both cytochrome oxidase-stained an ...
... area 17, we confirmed that the principal patches are located within the primary visual cortex. We determined the extent of area 17 with a maximum intensity projection of the intrinsic signal across all imaged single-condition maps and aligned the resulting map with both cytochrome oxidase-stained an ...
The neural basis for combinatorial coding in a cortical population response
... neuron ri(t) ⫽ qi(t)/⌬. Thus, the instantaneous firing rates of our cells fully determine the i(t)s, and we can compute the word probabilities, P(n), using Equation 3 without any further assumptions. This computational approach works because the spike rate of each neuron, at each moment of time, i ...
... neuron ri(t) ⫽ qi(t)/⌬. Thus, the instantaneous firing rates of our cells fully determine the i(t)s, and we can compute the word probabilities, P(n), using Equation 3 without any further assumptions. This computational approach works because the spike rate of each neuron, at each moment of time, i ...