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Abstract
Abstract

... hyperglycaemia of other major modulators of glucose homeostasis the incretins, glucosedependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). The overall aim of this study was to investigate the role of receptors for incretins and other glucose-regulating hormones in sepsis-i ...
Slide ()
Slide ()

... Short-term sensitization of the gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia. A. Sensitization of the gill-withdrawal reflex is produced by applying a noxious stimulus to another part of the body, such as the tail. A shock to the tail activates tail sensory neurons that excite facilitating (modulatory) interne ...
Chapter 34-4B: Second Messengers
Chapter 34-4B: Second Messengers

... are not transmembrane proteins. Steroid hormones can pass freely through cell membrane, and bind the specific receptor protein in cytosol. The receptor activated by the steroid hormone moves into the nucleus. The active receptor binds a specific region of DNA and activates or inactivates the replica ...
Origin of Long- Term Memory - Neuromarketing Business Association
Origin of Long- Term Memory - Neuromarketing Business Association

... The Transcription Factors increases the production of a variety of proteins - some include APMA receptors, which are inserted into he postsynaptic cell membrane at the synapse - others increase the Growth Factor, involved in the formation of new synapses, which is the basis of synaptic plasticity, a ...
“Put that in the Form of a Question, Please!”
“Put that in the Form of a Question, Please!”

... the PNS is the _____that contains motor neurons that direct the movement of skeletal muscles; it is a voluntary system ...
The Nervous System Period 1 - Mercer Island School District
The Nervous System Period 1 - Mercer Island School District

... Main Organs/Cells ...
sensory2
sensory2

... 16 October 2009 Chapter 7 Sensory Physiology Quiz on Cranial Nerves: Wednesday Lab next week: Sensory Physiology and the Auditory System ...
Electrical Signaling-2
Electrical Signaling-2

... the activity of adenylyl cyclase – 2 adenosine receptors inhibit adenylyl cyclase activity – 2 adenosine receptors increase adenylyl cyclase activity ...
doc Nerve and synapses
doc Nerve and synapses

... (2nd messenger). -2nd messengers activate a range of cellular proteins, including ion channels, protein kinases and transcription factors. -Glutamate&GABA activate both ionotropic& metabotropic receptors. -Many types of neurotransmitters interact mainly or entirely with metabotropic receptors. These ...
WARM UP 3/4 - KENYON'S CLASS
WARM UP 3/4 - KENYON'S CLASS

... •Slowed down messages from the brain to muscle impair our reflexes, reduce reaction time and impair our coordination, and our ability to drive is impaired. •Slurring of speech, stumbling when you walk, loss of ...
receptor proteins
receptor proteins

... Growth  factors  and  their  trans‐membrane  receptor  tyrosine  kinases  play  important  roles  in  cell  proliferation,  survival,  migration  and  differentiation.  One  group  of  growth  factors,  comprising  epidermal  growth  factor  (EGF)‐like  proteins  and  neuregulins,  stimulates  cells ...
Chapter 15 Anatomy & Physiology
Chapter 15 Anatomy & Physiology

... olfactory organ together with the basal (these are stem cells) and supporting cells. • Exception to the rule that neuronal cells do not replicate, the basal cells regenerate olfactory cells every two months. • The olfactory cell’s dendrites ends are embedded in the mucus layer excreted from olfactor ...
RetinaCircuts
RetinaCircuts

... • Signals from bipolar cells cause effect – Receptors stimulated by dark areas inhibit the response of neighboring cells receiving input from white area – The lateral inhibition causes a reduced response which leads to the perception of gray ...
Sensory Systems
Sensory Systems

... the physical stress of temperatures either above or below the animal’s normal body temperature. It is unclear whether these receptors are more like mechanoreceptors, or operate by some other mechanism. ...
SENSORY PHYSIOLOGY
SENSORY PHYSIOLOGY

... • pain from internal organs often seems to come from unrelated locations e.g., heart to arm; stomach to back • may be caused by neurons converging on same 2° neuron (more nerve fibers in periphery than in lateral spinothalamic tract) • dermatomes = ANALGESIA: • endogenous analgesic neurotransmitters ...
Cells of the Nervous System
Cells of the Nervous System

... Acetylcholine ...
Vocabulary: Chapter 1 Body Control Systems Neuron
Vocabulary: Chapter 1 Body Control Systems Neuron

... muscles and organs. Retina- an area at the back of the eye that contains sensory receptors for light. Dendrite- part of a neuron that collects information from other neurons. Nerve impulse- message that travels from the dendrites of a neuron to the axon. Axon- part of the neuron that carries message ...
Chapter 9 Nervous
Chapter 9 Nervous

... Neuron immediately begins to repolarize. K ions diffuse rapidly out of the cell. Normal resting potential is reached. Impulses are transmitted to other neurons by a synapse. Neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine (ACH) help. ...
Synaptic Transmission - Interactive Physiology
Synaptic Transmission - Interactive Physiology

... • A second type of mACh receptor is found in the central nervous system, and in the heart. • Acetylcholine acts indirectly at these receptors, producing a slow inhibition of the postsynaptic cells. • In the heart, this effect decreases the heart rate. • Acetylcholine is inhibitory at these muscarini ...
Neural Integration I: Sensory Pathways and the
Neural Integration I: Sensory Pathways and the

... • Axons of labeled line carry info about 1 type of stimulus (modality) • Sensory coding = translation of complex sensory info into meaningful patterns of AP ...
MS Word Version - Interactive Physiology
MS Word Version - Interactive Physiology

... -68• One type of cholinergic muscarinic receptor, or mACh is found in the central nervous system and on most effector organs of the parasympathetic branch of the nervous system. • Acetylcholine acts indirectly at these mACh receptors producing a slow excitatory postsynaptic potential. • Acetylcholi ...
big
big

... Neurotransmitter stored in vesicles in axon of presynaptic cell is released into synaptic cleft as a result of depolarization (action potential). Neurotransmitter diffuses across cleft, binds to receptors, and causes a postsynaptic effect Neurotransmitter is taken back into the presynaptic cell (“re ...
here
here

... sheaths allow nerve impulses to transmit more quickly along the axon. Sensory neurons – carry nerve impulses (e.g. vision, taste touch) to the CNS. Relay Neurons – Allow sensory and motor neurons to communicate with each other. Only found in brain and spinal cord. Motor Neurons – form synapses with ...
Topic 6
Topic 6

... Purified molecule of interest is injected into an animal to provoke an immune response (keep in mind these are protein-based molecules, or if smaller, they are coupled to larger proteins). The antibodies that the host animal produces can be collected, purified and tagged with a marker (radioactive, ...
Review for Quiz 2 Fixed Action Pattern Types of neurons Anatomy of
Review for Quiz 2 Fixed Action Pattern Types of neurons Anatomy of

... Worm  Grunting   Facial  Fusiform  Sulcus   Hippocampal  functions   ...
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Endocannabinoid system

The endocannabinoid system is a group of neuromodulatory lipids and their receptors in the brain that are involved in a variety of physiological processes including appetite, pain-sensation, mood, and memory; it mediates the psychoactive effects of cannabis and, broadly speaking, includes: The endogenous arachidonate-based lipids, anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamide, AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG); these are known as ""endocannabinoids"" and are physiological ligands for the cannabinoid receptors. Endocannabinoids are all eicosanoids. The enzymes that synthesize and degrade the endocannabinoids, such as fatty acid amide hydrolase or monoacylglycerol lipase. The cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2, two G protein-coupled receptors that are located in the central and peripheral nervous systems.The neurons, neural pathways, and other cells where these molecules, enzymes, and one or both cannabinoid receptor types are all colocalized form the endocannabinoid system.The endocannabinoid system has been studied using genetic and pharmacological methods. These studies have revealed that cannabinoids act as neuromodulators for a variety of processes, including motor learning, appetite, and pain sensation, among other cognitive and physical processes. The localization of the CB1 receptor in the endocannabinoid system has a very large degree of overlap with the orexinergic projection system, which mediates many of the same functions, both physical and cognitive. Moreover, CB1 is colocalized on orexin projection neurons in the lateral hypothalamus and many output structures of the orexin system, where the CB1 and orexin receptor 1 (OX1) receptors physically and functionally join together to form the CB1–OX1 receptor heterodimer.
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