CIR Report Data Sheet - Cosmetic Ingredient Review
... also the primary constituent of emerald, ruby, and sapphire (the colors of which come from small impurities of heavy metals). The most common naturally occurring form of alumina is corundum. Corundum is primarily composed of α-alumina, the most common phase of naturally occurring alumina. This water ...
... also the primary constituent of emerald, ruby, and sapphire (the colors of which come from small impurities of heavy metals). The most common naturally occurring form of alumina is corundum. Corundum is primarily composed of α-alumina, the most common phase of naturally occurring alumina. This water ...
Medicinal Profile of a Scared Drug in Ayurveda: Crataeva religiosa
... Varalakshmi et al. [38], decoction of bark also lowers the intestinal Na+ and K+ATPase levels. Reports of Singh et al. [39] showed the effectiveness of Crataeva bark in prophylaxis of oxalate urolithiasis induced by simultaneous administration of sodium oxalate and methionine in guinea pig. Alam et ...
... Varalakshmi et al. [38], decoction of bark also lowers the intestinal Na+ and K+ATPase levels. Reports of Singh et al. [39] showed the effectiveness of Crataeva bark in prophylaxis of oxalate urolithiasis induced by simultaneous administration of sodium oxalate and methionine in guinea pig. Alam et ...
ranitidine oral
... microsomal enzyme activity appears to be structurally determined rather than associated with H 2-receptor blockade, since ranitidine and cimetidine differ substantially in their effects on this enzyme system. Hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxidase activity appears to be unchangedfollowing concomi ...
... microsomal enzyme activity appears to be structurally determined rather than associated with H 2-receptor blockade, since ranitidine and cimetidine differ substantially in their effects on this enzyme system. Hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxidase activity appears to be unchangedfollowing concomi ...
Final Version , 454kb - Erasmus University Thesis Repository
... revenues when they face patent expiry. Pharmaceutical companies of brand name drugs have to find a way to maintain their sales values and overcome the competition of generic drugs when patent expiration is approaching. Pharmaceutical companies have different strategies that they could use: promotion ...
... revenues when they face patent expiry. Pharmaceutical companies of brand name drugs have to find a way to maintain their sales values and overcome the competition of generic drugs when patent expiration is approaching. Pharmaceutical companies have different strategies that they could use: promotion ...
NSAIDS Use of OTCs last updated 07/10
... continued relief, and re-injury or exacerbations of musculoskeletal pain. As such, they should be recognized as potentially effective therapeutic adjuncts whose characteristics should be well understood by all clinicians. (See Table I. Characteristics of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs.) ...
... continued relief, and re-injury or exacerbations of musculoskeletal pain. As such, they should be recognized as potentially effective therapeutic adjuncts whose characteristics should be well understood by all clinicians. (See Table I. Characteristics of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs.) ...
Design and physicochemical characterisation of novel
... We describe formulation and evaluation of novel dissolving polymeric microneedle (MN) arrays for the facilitated delivery of low molecular weight, high dose drugs. Ibuprofen sodium was used as the model here and was successfully formulated at approximately 50% w/w in the dry state using the copolyme ...
... We describe formulation and evaluation of novel dissolving polymeric microneedle (MN) arrays for the facilitated delivery of low molecular weight, high dose drugs. Ibuprofen sodium was used as the model here and was successfully formulated at approximately 50% w/w in the dry state using the copolyme ...
Quinine toxicity identified after 40 years
... bitter taste disguised dilution. Due to its oxytocic activity, quinine was used intravenously to induce abortion. Since its oxytocic activity is ineffective when taken orally, repeated oral doses may give rise to overdose.1,7 Nowadays, the commonest therapeutic use of quinine is for nocturnal muscle ...
... bitter taste disguised dilution. Due to its oxytocic activity, quinine was used intravenously to induce abortion. Since its oxytocic activity is ineffective when taken orally, repeated oral doses may give rise to overdose.1,7 Nowadays, the commonest therapeutic use of quinine is for nocturnal muscle ...
Procedure
... Check the medication sheet is consistent with original Dr’s order. Check interactive effect of medication with other drugs client is receiving. Check compatibility of 2 medications being physically combined in solution. Check that medication is designed for route being used. Check laboratory data, s ...
... Check the medication sheet is consistent with original Dr’s order. Check interactive effect of medication with other drugs client is receiving. Check compatibility of 2 medications being physically combined in solution. Check that medication is designed for route being used. Check laboratory data, s ...
Opioids analgesics and antagonists
... – Part of its analgesic effect is produced by inhibition of uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin. – In the treatment of mild-to-moderate pain, tramadol is as effective as morphine or meperidine. – However, for the treatment of severe or chronic pain, tramadol is less effective. – Tramadol is as ef ...
... – Part of its analgesic effect is produced by inhibition of uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin. – In the treatment of mild-to-moderate pain, tramadol is as effective as morphine or meperidine. – However, for the treatment of severe or chronic pain, tramadol is less effective. – Tramadol is as ef ...
Pharmacologically Active Drug Metabolites: Impact on Drug
... Address correspondence to: Dr. R. Scott Obach, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Rd., Groton, CT 06340. E-mail: [email protected] dx.doi.org/10.1124/pr.111.005439. ...
... Address correspondence to: Dr. R. Scott Obach, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Rd., Groton, CT 06340. E-mail: [email protected] dx.doi.org/10.1124/pr.111.005439. ...
Central Nervous System Side Effects of First- and Second
... may exacerbate the decrease in cognitive function already experienced by the patient with allergic rhinitis. Sedating antihistamines have been shown to reduce learning performance in children.5 In contrast, second-generation antihistamines are relatively lipophobic and therefore cross the blood-brai ...
... may exacerbate the decrease in cognitive function already experienced by the patient with allergic rhinitis. Sedating antihistamines have been shown to reduce learning performance in children.5 In contrast, second-generation antihistamines are relatively lipophobic and therefore cross the blood-brai ...
Population Science/Epidemiology
... were not recorded. Cause-specific mortality is based on death certificates coded by trained nosologists using the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision. The study personnel adjudicated these cardiovascular deaths to be caused by coronary surgery, congestive heart failure, sudden dea ...
... were not recorded. Cause-specific mortality is based on death certificates coded by trained nosologists using the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision. The study personnel adjudicated these cardiovascular deaths to be caused by coronary surgery, congestive heart failure, sudden dea ...
Application of Quantitative Models of Choice to Alcohol
... by a maladaptive pattern of persistent drug seeking and taking (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 1994). Drug self-administration procedures have been useful in the study of the variables that contribute to the maintenance of drug taking and for the study of the reinforcing effects of drugs in ...
... by a maladaptive pattern of persistent drug seeking and taking (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 1994). Drug self-administration procedures have been useful in the study of the variables that contribute to the maintenance of drug taking and for the study of the reinforcing effects of drugs in ...
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS)
... Parasitic Disease Of Humans And Animals In Which A Part Of The Body Is Infected With Parasitic Worms, Called Helminthes. These Parasites Are Broadly Classified Into Tapeworms, Flukes, And Roundworms. They Often Live In The Gastrointestinal Tract Of Their Hosts, But May Also Burrow Into Other Organs, ...
... Parasitic Disease Of Humans And Animals In Which A Part Of The Body Is Infected With Parasitic Worms, Called Helminthes. These Parasites Are Broadly Classified Into Tapeworms, Flukes, And Roundworms. They Often Live In The Gastrointestinal Tract Of Their Hosts, But May Also Burrow Into Other Organs, ...
Schisandra chinensis - Australian Natural Therapists Association
... Animal Studies A large number of animal studies based on similar methods as described above support the hepatoprotective effects of Schisandrin B. Most studies have used mice or rats subjected to chemicals such as carbon tetrachloride (CCI4) which is mostly metabolized in the liver by the cytochrome ...
... Animal Studies A large number of animal studies based on similar methods as described above support the hepatoprotective effects of Schisandrin B. Most studies have used mice or rats subjected to chemicals such as carbon tetrachloride (CCI4) which is mostly metabolized in the liver by the cytochrome ...
MAXIDOL® Liquid Gels
... Under 12 years: Children under 12 should not take this drug. The safety in pediatric use has not been established. OVERDOSAGE Significant overdose can be characterized by drowsiness, heartburn, indigestion, nausea and vomiting. A few patients have experienced convulsions but it is not clear if these ...
... Under 12 years: Children under 12 should not take this drug. The safety in pediatric use has not been established. OVERDOSAGE Significant overdose can be characterized by drowsiness, heartburn, indigestion, nausea and vomiting. A few patients have experienced convulsions but it is not clear if these ...
poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) based drug delivery devices
... Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) is the most frequently used biodegradable polymer for developing nano/ microparticles encapsulating therapeutic drugs in controlled release (CR) applications. PLGA based drug delivery devices have several advantages over the conventional devices. One of the adva ...
... Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) is the most frequently used biodegradable polymer for developing nano/ microparticles encapsulating therapeutic drugs in controlled release (CR) applications. PLGA based drug delivery devices have several advantages over the conventional devices. One of the adva ...
Using a Tritiated Compound to Elucidate Its Preclinical Metabolic
... incorporation (Saljoughian and Williams, 2000), such high specific activity compounds are desirable when radiolabeled material is needed quickly to answer particular metabolism-related questions during drug discovery or development. Although a compound’s 14C atom may become separated from the substr ...
... incorporation (Saljoughian and Williams, 2000), such high specific activity compounds are desirable when radiolabeled material is needed quickly to answer particular metabolism-related questions during drug discovery or development. Although a compound’s 14C atom may become separated from the substr ...
Dopaminergic Pathways and their
... pathways in the central nervous system and may have functional roles outside the nervous system (Goldberg, 1972; Thorner, 1975). Early evidence for a transmitter role of dopamine derived from the failure of noradrenaline and serotonin to reverse some of the effects of the monoamine-depleting drug re ...
... pathways in the central nervous system and may have functional roles outside the nervous system (Goldberg, 1972; Thorner, 1975). Early evidence for a transmitter role of dopamine derived from the failure of noradrenaline and serotonin to reverse some of the effects of the monoamine-depleting drug re ...
Homeopathy
... nonprescription, over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. However, because homeopathic products contain little or no active ingredients, they do not have to undergo the same safety and efficacy testing as prescription and new OTC drugs. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does require that homeopathic ...
... nonprescription, over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. However, because homeopathic products contain little or no active ingredients, they do not have to undergo the same safety and efficacy testing as prescription and new OTC drugs. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does require that homeopathic ...
low-dose diuretics for first-line and combined treatment of
... A comprehensive meta-analysis (5) of 18 placebo-controlled trials (one with a usual care control) reported through 1995 compared three regimens: high-doses diuretics (> 50 mg/day), low-to-moderate dose diuretics and beta-blockers. No large, long-term placebocontrolled clinical trials evaluating CCBs ...
... A comprehensive meta-analysis (5) of 18 placebo-controlled trials (one with a usual care control) reported through 1995 compared three regimens: high-doses diuretics (> 50 mg/day), low-to-moderate dose diuretics and beta-blockers. No large, long-term placebocontrolled clinical trials evaluating CCBs ...
SALT SOLID DISPERSIONS
... accepted approach to improve dissolution rate of poorly water-soluble ionic drugs. Nevertheless, the salt formation process is often empirical and may not always lead to desired end product profile. Alternatively, pH-modifiers have been used as formulation components for such compounds. The purpose ...
... accepted approach to improve dissolution rate of poorly water-soluble ionic drugs. Nevertheless, the salt formation process is often empirical and may not always lead to desired end product profile. Alternatively, pH-modifiers have been used as formulation components for such compounds. The purpose ...
Drug interaction
A drug interaction is a situation in which a substance (usually another drug) affects the activity of a drug when both are administered together. This action can be synergistic (when the drug's effect is increased) or antagonistic (when the drug's effect is decreased) or a new effect can be produced that neither produces on its own. Typically, interactions between drugs come to mind (drug-drug interaction). However, interactions may also exist between drugs and foods (drug-food interactions), as well as drugs and medicinal plants or herbs (drug-plant interactions). People taking antidepressant drugs such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors should not take food containing tyramine as hypertensive crisis may occur (an example of a drug-food interaction). These interactions may occur out of accidental misuse or due to lack of knowledge about the active ingredients involved in the relevant substances.It is therefore easy to see the importance of these pharmacological interactions in the practice of medicine. If a patient is taking two drugs and one of them increases the effect of the other it is possible that an overdose may occur. The interaction of the two drugs may also increase the risk that side effects will occur. On the other hand, if the action of a drug is reduced it may cease to have any therapeutic use because of under dosage. Notwithstanding the above, on occasion these interactions may be sought in order to obtain an improved therapeutic effect. Examples of this include the use of codeine with paracetamol to increase its analgesic effect. Or the combination of clavulanic acid with amoxicillin in order to overcome bacterial resistance to the antibiotic. It should also be remembered that there are interactions that, from a theoretical standpoint, may occur but in clinical practice have no important repercussions.The pharmaceutical interactions that are of special interest to the practice of medicine are primarily those that have negative effects for an organism. The risk that a pharmacological interaction will appear increases as a function of the number of drugs administered to a patient at the same time.It is possible that an interaction will occur between a drug and another substance present in the organism (i.e. foods or alcohol). Or in certain specific situations a drug may even react with itself, such as occurs with dehydration. In other situations, the interaction does not involve any effect on the drug. In certain cases, the presence of a drug in an individual's blood may affect certain types of laboratory analysis (analytical interference).It is also possible for interactions to occur outside an organism before administration of the drugs has taken place. This can occur when two drugs are mixed, for example, in a saline solution prior to intravenous injection. Some classic examples of this type of interaction include that Thiopentone and Suxamethonium should not be placed in the same syringe and same is true for Benzylpenicillin and Heparin. These situations will all be discussed under the same heading due to their conceptual similarity.Drug interactions may be the result of various processes. These processes may include alterations in the pharmacokinetics of the drug, such as alterations in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of a drug. Alternatively, drug interactions may be the result of the pharmacodynamic properties of the drug, e.g. the co-administration of a receptor antagonist and an agonist for the same receptor.