GUÍA DEL MEDICAMENTO INCIVEK
... telaprevir resistance-associated substitutions emerge on treatment with INCIVEK. (12.4, 14.3) INCIVEK efficacy has not been established for patients who have previously failed therapy with a treatment regimen that includes INCIVEK or other HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitors. (12.4) --------------------- ...
... telaprevir resistance-associated substitutions emerge on treatment with INCIVEK. (12.4, 14.3) INCIVEK efficacy has not been established for patients who have previously failed therapy with a treatment regimen that includes INCIVEK or other HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitors. (12.4) --------------------- ...
Topical treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis Tracy Garnier
... experimental models [50] and is now in clinical trials for VL in India [51]. A topical formulation of miltefosine, Miltex, has been approved for use in 22 countries for the treatment of cutaneous malignancies [52]. Miltex contains 6% miltefosine in a vehicle (Kasacade) comprised of 3propyloxypropyle ...
... experimental models [50] and is now in clinical trials for VL in India [51]. A topical formulation of miltefosine, Miltex, has been approved for use in 22 countries for the treatment of cutaneous malignancies [52]. Miltex contains 6% miltefosine in a vehicle (Kasacade) comprised of 3propyloxypropyle ...
Are placebos inert or powerful? Vice versa
... were thus included and followed for change) have dropped below that threshold – regressing to the mean, on average, and ‘improving’. Others who were below the selection threshold are now above, replacing those who have dropped down, but because they were below the threshold, these patients had been ...
... were thus included and followed for change) have dropped below that threshold – regressing to the mean, on average, and ‘improving’. Others who were below the selection threshold are now above, replacing those who have dropped down, but because they were below the threshold, these patients had been ...
Effects of phenytoin and carbamazepine on calcium transport in
... terminal telopeptide I of type I collagen) levels are positively correlated with anti-epileptic drug therapy (Valimaki et al., 1994; Verrotti et al., 2000). Plausible mechanisms for antiepileptic drug-induced hypocalcemia include induction of vitamin D catabolism, inhibition of parathyroid hormonein ...
... terminal telopeptide I of type I collagen) levels are positively correlated with anti-epileptic drug therapy (Valimaki et al., 1994; Verrotti et al., 2000). Plausible mechanisms for antiepileptic drug-induced hypocalcemia include induction of vitamin D catabolism, inhibition of parathyroid hormonein ...
Beyond the ABCs - Alcohol
... to 0.68L/kg). Because alcohol dissolves in cell Products such as rubbing alcohol, Lysol® cleaner, membranes, it alters the function of many vanilla extract, some mouthwashes, aftershave different cells, and therefore affects almost all lotions, and cooking wines all contain high organs and systems i ...
... to 0.68L/kg). Because alcohol dissolves in cell Products such as rubbing alcohol, Lysol® cleaner, membranes, it alters the function of many vanilla extract, some mouthwashes, aftershave different cells, and therefore affects almost all lotions, and cooking wines all contain high organs and systems i ...
File
... Aim is to control rather than eliminate cough For dry unproductive cough If cough is unduly tiring. Disturbed sleep or hazardous ( hernia, piles, occular or any abdominal surgery). ...
... Aim is to control rather than eliminate cough For dry unproductive cough If cough is unduly tiring. Disturbed sleep or hazardous ( hernia, piles, occular or any abdominal surgery). ...
article
... Pharmacists’ belief about safety of herbal medicine might be incorrect. Harmful effects of herbal medicine could originate from biologically active constituents, contaminants, and herb–drug interactions [24-26] Conventional and herbal medicines are often concomitantly used and this could result in h ...
... Pharmacists’ belief about safety of herbal medicine might be incorrect. Harmful effects of herbal medicine could originate from biologically active constituents, contaminants, and herb–drug interactions [24-26] Conventional and herbal medicines are often concomitantly used and this could result in h ...
field and action potential recordings in heart slices
... Although action potential (AP) recordings in ex vivo heart preparations are not a requirement within the framework of the ICH S7B guideline for the cardiac safety of drugs (Anon, 2005), they still constitute an important component of the preclinical cardiac safety assessment of new chemical entities ...
... Although action potential (AP) recordings in ex vivo heart preparations are not a requirement within the framework of the ICH S7B guideline for the cardiac safety of drugs (Anon, 2005), they still constitute an important component of the preclinical cardiac safety assessment of new chemical entities ...
Quantum of Effectiveness Evidence in FDA’s Approval of Orphan Drugs
... FDA has for many decades acknowledged that there is a need for flexibility in applying its standard for approval. For example, one of FDA’s regulations states that: “FDA will approve an application after it determines that the drug meets the statutory standards for safety and effectiveness… While th ...
... FDA has for many decades acknowledged that there is a need for flexibility in applying its standard for approval. For example, one of FDA’s regulations states that: “FDA will approve an application after it determines that the drug meets the statutory standards for safety and effectiveness… While th ...
The Benzo Manual
... 1. Half-life: time taken for blood concentration to fall to half its peak value after a single dose. Half-life of active metabolite shown in square brackets. This time may vary considerably between individuals. 2. Market aim: although all benzodiazepines have similar actions, they are usually market ...
... 1. Half-life: time taken for blood concentration to fall to half its peak value after a single dose. Half-life of active metabolite shown in square brackets. This time may vary considerably between individuals. 2. Market aim: although all benzodiazepines have similar actions, they are usually market ...
Drug-induced oral lichenoid reactions. A literature review
... the materials, oral breathing and hyposialia as etiological factors. These authors published the case of a patient with all three factors who developed a lichenoid reaction in the absence of dental restoration. On the other hand, many drug substances are reportedly able to produce such reactions (Ta ...
... the materials, oral breathing and hyposialia as etiological factors. These authors published the case of a patient with all three factors who developed a lichenoid reaction in the absence of dental restoration. On the other hand, many drug substances are reportedly able to produce such reactions (Ta ...
10 medicinal plants from pakistan - UiO
... 10 SELECTED MEDICINAL PLANTS OF PAKISTAN ................................................................................... 18 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 19 ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF PA ...
... 10 SELECTED MEDICINAL PLANTS OF PAKISTAN ................................................................................... 18 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 19 ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF PA ...
Addiction neurobiology: Ethical and social implications
... how they might affect the way we view and treat drug problems, and consider the ethical issues that they raise for drug policy in Europe. The reader will find that it is difficult not to be both excited and apprehensive when considering the implications of the developments occurring in this field. N ...
... how they might affect the way we view and treat drug problems, and consider the ethical issues that they raise for drug policy in Europe. The reader will find that it is difficult not to be both excited and apprehensive when considering the implications of the developments occurring in this field. N ...
Cannabinoids for Gastrointestinal Diseases: Potential Therapeutic
... endogenous and synthetic cannabinoids, exert many biological functions by activating two types of cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2 receptors. CB1 receptors have been detected on enteric nerves, and pharmacological effects of their activation include gastroprotection, reduction of gastric and intes ...
... endogenous and synthetic cannabinoids, exert many biological functions by activating two types of cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2 receptors. CB1 receptors have been detected on enteric nerves, and pharmacological effects of their activation include gastroprotection, reduction of gastric and intes ...
effect of piperine, a major component of black pepper, on the
... completed with a mean Tmax of 2.0 ± 0.0 h for domperidone alone and domperidone together with piperine. Treatment of rats with piperine significantly increased the mean area under the curve (AUC) for domperidone from 3.80 ± 0.03 µg/ml h (domperidone alone) to 6.54 ± 0.04 µg/ml h (domperidone togethe ...
... completed with a mean Tmax of 2.0 ± 0.0 h for domperidone alone and domperidone together with piperine. Treatment of rats with piperine significantly increased the mean area under the curve (AUC) for domperidone from 3.80 ± 0.03 µg/ml h (domperidone alone) to 6.54 ± 0.04 µg/ml h (domperidone togethe ...
Recovery of Locomotion After Ventral and Ventrolateral Spinal
... which limited the cats to only a few consecutive steps at a time and to low treadmill speeds (0.1– 0.35 m/s). These locomotor deficits were more pronounced during walking uphill or downhill on inclined treadmill (10°), and the amplitude modulation (AM) of the hindlimb electromyographic (EMG) activit ...
... which limited the cats to only a few consecutive steps at a time and to low treadmill speeds (0.1– 0.35 m/s). These locomotor deficits were more pronounced during walking uphill or downhill on inclined treadmill (10°), and the amplitude modulation (AM) of the hindlimb electromyographic (EMG) activit ...
Serotonergic Modulation of Rat Pineal Gland Activity: In Vivo
... Experiment 2. The aim of this experiment was to assess the effects of 5-HT receptor activation by m-CPP on the pineal melatonin production during the night, when the gland is physiologically activated by NE. To this purpose, 54 rats (weighing 200 –250 g) were used in this experiment. At 9:00 PM, in ...
... Experiment 2. The aim of this experiment was to assess the effects of 5-HT receptor activation by m-CPP on the pineal melatonin production during the night, when the gland is physiologically activated by NE. To this purpose, 54 rats (weighing 200 –250 g) were used in this experiment. At 9:00 PM, in ...
Assessment of the Influence of Histaminergic Actions on Cocaine
... reported affinity for H1 histamine-antagonistic activity; however, its actions at other subtypes of histamine receptors have not been reported. Therefore, we examined the affinity of the drugs for H1, H2, and H3 histamine receptors. Although values varied across a wide range, the BZT analogs had aff ...
... reported affinity for H1 histamine-antagonistic activity; however, its actions at other subtypes of histamine receptors have not been reported. Therefore, we examined the affinity of the drugs for H1, H2, and H3 histamine receptors. Although values varied across a wide range, the BZT analogs had aff ...
Chloral hydrate has general CNS depressant effects believed to be
... 30 to 60 minutes, which lasts about 4 to 8 hours. When used as a premedicant in children and infants, sedation usually occurs within 15 minutes and sleep by 40 minutes, with most fully awake within 2 hours. Chloral hydrate is rapidly and extensively metabolized in the liver and erythrocytes by alcoh ...
... 30 to 60 minutes, which lasts about 4 to 8 hours. When used as a premedicant in children and infants, sedation usually occurs within 15 minutes and sleep by 40 minutes, with most fully awake within 2 hours. Chloral hydrate is rapidly and extensively metabolized in the liver and erythrocytes by alcoh ...
ANTIHYPERGLYCEMIC, ANTIHYPERLIPIDAEMIC AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF DIABETIC RATS CYNOGLOSSUM ZEYLANICUM
... chronic disorder of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism characterized by elevation of both fasting and postprandial blood sugar levels. The peroxidation of cellular membrane lipids can lead to cell necrosis and is purportedly associated with various chronic disorders including carcinogenesis an ...
... chronic disorder of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism characterized by elevation of both fasting and postprandial blood sugar levels. The peroxidation of cellular membrane lipids can lead to cell necrosis and is purportedly associated with various chronic disorders including carcinogenesis an ...
Evaluation of Diuretic activities of hydro
... renal tubule, its composition is quickly modified by tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion (Costantini and Kopan, 2010). PCT which arises from the glomerular capsule is responsible for reabsorbing approximately 65% of the filtrate (Ives, 2012). Water reabsorption is driven by reabsorption of so ...
... renal tubule, its composition is quickly modified by tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion (Costantini and Kopan, 2010). PCT which arises from the glomerular capsule is responsible for reabsorbing approximately 65% of the filtrate (Ives, 2012). Water reabsorption is driven by reabsorption of so ...
Zyprexa/Zyprexa Zydis (olanzapine)
... Zyprexa may induce significant weight gain. This may be due to increased appetite or to some underlying metabolic changes. The major concern of excessive weight gain is the health consequence to the patient, including the potential for developing diabetes and increasing cholesterol and other lipids, ...
... Zyprexa may induce significant weight gain. This may be due to increased appetite or to some underlying metabolic changes. The major concern of excessive weight gain is the health consequence to the patient, including the potential for developing diabetes and increasing cholesterol and other lipids, ...
Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.43 No.6
... irides and were recruited from the student community of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University; and their ages varied between 19 and 25 (mean 5 21.14, SD 5 1.98) years. Their spectacle refractions, with a back vertex distance of 12 mm, were determined before the commencement of the experiment. Subject ...
... irides and were recruited from the student community of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University; and their ages varied between 19 and 25 (mean 5 21.14, SD 5 1.98) years. Their spectacle refractions, with a back vertex distance of 12 mm, were determined before the commencement of the experiment. Subject ...
Peer-reviewed Article PDF
... The method developed was validated as per ICH/USP guidelines for parameters like linearity and sensitivity, limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ), precision, accuracy, ruggedness, selectivity and recovery. Linearity, sensitivity, limits of detection and quantitation: Linearity is usually ...
... The method developed was validated as per ICH/USP guidelines for parameters like linearity and sensitivity, limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ), precision, accuracy, ruggedness, selectivity and recovery. Linearity, sensitivity, limits of detection and quantitation: Linearity is usually ...
CHITOSAN LOADED MICROSPHERES AS AN OCULAR DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR ACYCLOVIR S.SELVARAJ
... Eye is most interesting organ due to its drug disposition characteristics. For ailments of the eye, topical administration is usually preferred over systemic administration, before reaching the anatomical barrier of the cornea, any drug molecule administered by the ocular route has to cross the prec ...
... Eye is most interesting organ due to its drug disposition characteristics. For ailments of the eye, topical administration is usually preferred over systemic administration, before reaching the anatomical barrier of the cornea, any drug molecule administered by the ocular route has to cross the prec ...
Drug interaction
A drug interaction is a situation in which a substance (usually another drug) affects the activity of a drug when both are administered together. This action can be synergistic (when the drug's effect is increased) or antagonistic (when the drug's effect is decreased) or a new effect can be produced that neither produces on its own. Typically, interactions between drugs come to mind (drug-drug interaction). However, interactions may also exist between drugs and foods (drug-food interactions), as well as drugs and medicinal plants or herbs (drug-plant interactions). People taking antidepressant drugs such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors should not take food containing tyramine as hypertensive crisis may occur (an example of a drug-food interaction). These interactions may occur out of accidental misuse or due to lack of knowledge about the active ingredients involved in the relevant substances.It is therefore easy to see the importance of these pharmacological interactions in the practice of medicine. If a patient is taking two drugs and one of them increases the effect of the other it is possible that an overdose may occur. The interaction of the two drugs may also increase the risk that side effects will occur. On the other hand, if the action of a drug is reduced it may cease to have any therapeutic use because of under dosage. Notwithstanding the above, on occasion these interactions may be sought in order to obtain an improved therapeutic effect. Examples of this include the use of codeine with paracetamol to increase its analgesic effect. Or the combination of clavulanic acid with amoxicillin in order to overcome bacterial resistance to the antibiotic. It should also be remembered that there are interactions that, from a theoretical standpoint, may occur but in clinical practice have no important repercussions.The pharmaceutical interactions that are of special interest to the practice of medicine are primarily those that have negative effects for an organism. The risk that a pharmacological interaction will appear increases as a function of the number of drugs administered to a patient at the same time.It is possible that an interaction will occur between a drug and another substance present in the organism (i.e. foods or alcohol). Or in certain specific situations a drug may even react with itself, such as occurs with dehydration. In other situations, the interaction does not involve any effect on the drug. In certain cases, the presence of a drug in an individual's blood may affect certain types of laboratory analysis (analytical interference).It is also possible for interactions to occur outside an organism before administration of the drugs has taken place. This can occur when two drugs are mixed, for example, in a saline solution prior to intravenous injection. Some classic examples of this type of interaction include that Thiopentone and Suxamethonium should not be placed in the same syringe and same is true for Benzylpenicillin and Heparin. These situations will all be discussed under the same heading due to their conceptual similarity.Drug interactions may be the result of various processes. These processes may include alterations in the pharmacokinetics of the drug, such as alterations in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of a drug. Alternatively, drug interactions may be the result of the pharmacodynamic properties of the drug, e.g. the co-administration of a receptor antagonist and an agonist for the same receptor.