Pharmacokinetics: absorption
... Adverse Drug Reactions The elderly are 2-3 times more at risk for adverse drug reactions due to: • reduced stature • reduced renal and hepatic functions • cumulative insults to the body (eg., disease, diet, drug abuse) • higher number and potency of medications • altered pharmacokinetics • noncompl ...
... Adverse Drug Reactions The elderly are 2-3 times more at risk for adverse drug reactions due to: • reduced stature • reduced renal and hepatic functions • cumulative insults to the body (eg., disease, diet, drug abuse) • higher number and potency of medications • altered pharmacokinetics • noncompl ...
CYP2C9 Master Drug List
... metabolized by CYP2C19. Roughly 2% of the population are 2C19 Poor Metabolizers (PMs), meaning they have no 2C19 enzymatic activity. Another 30% of the population are considered Intermediate Metabolizers (IMs) with decreased activity. Still another 28% of people are UltraRapid Metabolizers. Both IMs ...
... metabolized by CYP2C19. Roughly 2% of the population are 2C19 Poor Metabolizers (PMs), meaning they have no 2C19 enzymatic activity. Another 30% of the population are considered Intermediate Metabolizers (IMs) with decreased activity. Still another 28% of people are UltraRapid Metabolizers. Both IMs ...
Effects of Illicit Drugs on the Heart and Brain
... 1.3 percent tested positive for methamphetamine ...
... 1.3 percent tested positive for methamphetamine ...
Topics / Performance Enhancing Drugs / Performance Enhancing
... undetectable substances, and new masking agents that cover certain molecules that drug tests are supposed to identify. For example, IGF-1 (Insulin-like growth factor-1) is a new muscle builder injected directly into the bloodstream. It significantly improves strength development and increases size, ...
... undetectable substances, and new masking agents that cover certain molecules that drug tests are supposed to identify. For example, IGF-1 (Insulin-like growth factor-1) is a new muscle builder injected directly into the bloodstream. It significantly improves strength development and increases size, ...
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
... Mild cases - withdraw meds; low doses benzodiazepines Severe cases - benzos, cyproheptadine, olanzapine, intubation, neuromuscular blockade Cyproheptadine binds 5-HT receptors Give by NG 12 mg, then 2 mg q 2 hours Avoid Propranolol (hypotension) Bromocriptine (may worsen serotonin synd ...
... Mild cases - withdraw meds; low doses benzodiazepines Severe cases - benzos, cyproheptadine, olanzapine, intubation, neuromuscular blockade Cyproheptadine binds 5-HT receptors Give by NG 12 mg, then 2 mg q 2 hours Avoid Propranolol (hypotension) Bromocriptine (may worsen serotonin synd ...
(TLC) Usage to Identity Counterfeit Drugs
... Thin layer chromatography is the main screening method being used today in order to determine if a drug product meets label specifications and is legal. TLC can be employed for the identification of drug substances, to estimate drug substance content and to detect related substances that may be rega ...
... Thin layer chromatography is the main screening method being used today in order to determine if a drug product meets label specifications and is legal. TLC can be employed for the identification of drug substances, to estimate drug substance content and to detect related substances that may be rega ...
drug-Sedatatives
... Pyrazolopyrimidines - Sonata (zaleplon) ½ life is 1 hour, so is handy for people who awaken during the night, since can take another pill. Cyclopyrrolones - Lunesta (eszopiclone) a good choice for people who waking up too early. Melatonin Receptor Stimulator - Rozerem (ramelteon) Is the only n ...
... Pyrazolopyrimidines - Sonata (zaleplon) ½ life is 1 hour, so is handy for people who awaken during the night, since can take another pill. Cyclopyrrolones - Lunesta (eszopiclone) a good choice for people who waking up too early. Melatonin Receptor Stimulator - Rozerem (ramelteon) Is the only n ...
drug abuse - Rocky and District Victim Services
... Sedative-Hypnotics: Are drugs that cause a slowing down or depression of the central nervous system. They produce a feeling of calm, drowsiness and well being. Tranquilizers: They are the most prescribed of all drugs. As above, they produce a sense of calm and well-being at lower doses, but they are ...
... Sedative-Hypnotics: Are drugs that cause a slowing down or depression of the central nervous system. They produce a feeling of calm, drowsiness and well being. Tranquilizers: They are the most prescribed of all drugs. As above, they produce a sense of calm and well-being at lower doses, but they are ...
John Nagelhout
... Phenytoin is an example of a drug that obeys Michaelis-Menten rather than first-order pharmacokinetics. In this case, as plasma concentration increases, the clearance decreases and the half-life becomes longer. Cytochrome P450 is a generic term for the group of enzymes that are responsible for most ...
... Phenytoin is an example of a drug that obeys Michaelis-Menten rather than first-order pharmacokinetics. In this case, as plasma concentration increases, the clearance decreases and the half-life becomes longer. Cytochrome P450 is a generic term for the group of enzymes that are responsible for most ...
Pharmacognosy_Topic_1_What_is_Pharmacognosy
... photosynthesis is active in the young seedlings, high concentrations of sugars build up increasing the osmotic pressure of the cell sap to dangerously high levels. If allowed to proceed, the cells would explode. At this point, certain enzymes are activated which divert the metabolism to break down t ...
... photosynthesis is active in the young seedlings, high concentrations of sugars build up increasing the osmotic pressure of the cell sap to dangerously high levels. If allowed to proceed, the cells would explode. At this point, certain enzymes are activated which divert the metabolism to break down t ...
Adverse effects
... Pharmacokinetics & adverse effects -injected intravenously (the drug is incompatible with a saline medium). The combination drug is particularly useful for intracellular organisms (for example, VRE) due to its excellent penetration of macrophages and neutrophils. Levels in the CSF are low -. Both co ...
... Pharmacokinetics & adverse effects -injected intravenously (the drug is incompatible with a saline medium). The combination drug is particularly useful for intracellular organisms (for example, VRE) due to its excellent penetration of macrophages and neutrophils. Levels in the CSF are low -. Both co ...
Network pharmacology - Center for Cancer Systems Biology
... residues, which will be less penalized for desolvation on complex formation. Where new polar interactions were also introduced, for instance, by replacing a wild-type threonine with an asparate, these occurred on the periphery of the complex where detailed complementarity is less important. A pragma ...
... residues, which will be less penalized for desolvation on complex formation. Where new polar interactions were also introduced, for instance, by replacing a wild-type threonine with an asparate, these occurred on the periphery of the complex where detailed complementarity is less important. A pragma ...
"Obesity Epidemic" (Women`s Media Center 2008)
... marketed as anti-psychotics. It seems astonishing in light of recent, high-profile media exposés of drug companies’ concealment of adverse effects of their products. Psychologist David Cohen estimates that 50 million Americans -- 1 in 6 Americans -take psychotropic medication, and it is unknown how ...
... marketed as anti-psychotics. It seems astonishing in light of recent, high-profile media exposés of drug companies’ concealment of adverse effects of their products. Psychologist David Cohen estimates that 50 million Americans -- 1 in 6 Americans -take psychotropic medication, and it is unknown how ...
1 hour 05 Minutes
... was having full awareness during surgery with recall after it. Most probably she got: a) Ketamine. b) Enflurane. c) Fentanyl. d) Thiopental. e) Midazolam. Q.13 Lidocaine, an amide was injected in an infected tissue to get a local anaesthesia; its pKa is 7.9; 90% of the drug converted in an ionized s ...
... was having full awareness during surgery with recall after it. Most probably she got: a) Ketamine. b) Enflurane. c) Fentanyl. d) Thiopental. e) Midazolam. Q.13 Lidocaine, an amide was injected in an infected tissue to get a local anaesthesia; its pKa is 7.9; 90% of the drug converted in an ionized s ...
Book Review - Portsmouth Research Portal
... psychopharmaceuticals are based on cynicism towards biomedicine’s “magic bullet” (p.7) model of drug effects. The book has been written from “a position of doubt about the immediate and long-term side effects of biomedical psychopharmaceuticals” (p.187). Mistrust of bio-medical drugs focus on their ...
... psychopharmaceuticals are based on cynicism towards biomedicine’s “magic bullet” (p.7) model of drug effects. The book has been written from “a position of doubt about the immediate and long-term side effects of biomedical psychopharmaceuticals” (p.187). Mistrust of bio-medical drugs focus on their ...
pharmacokinetics-3
... • Volume of blood in a defined region of the body that is cleared of a drug in a unit time. • Clearance is a more useful concept in reality than t 1/2 or kel since it takes into account blood flow rate • Clearance varies with body weight • Also varies with degree of protein binding ...
... • Volume of blood in a defined region of the body that is cleared of a drug in a unit time. • Clearance is a more useful concept in reality than t 1/2 or kel since it takes into account blood flow rate • Clearance varies with body weight • Also varies with degree of protein binding ...
Ch. 7 Altered States of Consciousness
... chemicals, including mephedrone, which may have a high risk for overdose ...
... chemicals, including mephedrone, which may have a high risk for overdose ...
pharmacokinetics-4
... Dependent upon its route of administration and target area, every drug has to be absorbed, by diffusion, through a variety of bodily tissue. Tissue is composed of cells which are encompassed within membranes, consisting of 3 layers, 2 layers of water-soluble complex lipid molecules (phospholipid) an ...
... Dependent upon its route of administration and target area, every drug has to be absorbed, by diffusion, through a variety of bodily tissue. Tissue is composed of cells which are encompassed within membranes, consisting of 3 layers, 2 layers of water-soluble complex lipid molecules (phospholipid) an ...
in the kidney - Faculty Sites
... electrolyte imbalance, dehydration, gynecomastia, reduced libido, breast tenderness Dyrenium can also cause allergic reaction (hives, pruritus, rash) ...
... electrolyte imbalance, dehydration, gynecomastia, reduced libido, breast tenderness Dyrenium can also cause allergic reaction (hives, pruritus, rash) ...
lect13a
... -5 drug candidates in 5000 that enter preclinical trials reach clinical trials -1 of the 5 is approved for clinical use -40% of candidates pass Phase I trials -50% of those passing Phase I trials pass Phase II trials ...
... -5 drug candidates in 5000 that enter preclinical trials reach clinical trials -1 of the 5 is approved for clinical use -40% of candidates pass Phase I trials -50% of those passing Phase I trials pass Phase II trials ...
Drugs - North Allegheny School District
... Over-the-counter (OTC) medicines – you can buy these without a prescription ...
... Over-the-counter (OTC) medicines – you can buy these without a prescription ...
Benzodiazepine Fact Sheet
... physiologically habituated to the drug, and prone to serious withdrawal reactions, including potentially fatal epileptic seizures, if the drug is stopped suddenly. These reactions rarely if ever occur in low-dose medication treatments. Severe Intoxication — Extreme doses of medication — i.e. doses h ...
... physiologically habituated to the drug, and prone to serious withdrawal reactions, including potentially fatal epileptic seizures, if the drug is stopped suddenly. These reactions rarely if ever occur in low-dose medication treatments. Severe Intoxication — Extreme doses of medication — i.e. doses h ...
Treating rheumatoid arthritis
... RA cannot be cured, but it can be treated. Without treatment, RA can cause permanent damage to joints and internal organs, and disability. How is RA treated? The main drugs to treat RA are called DMARDS (disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs). These drugs help prevent damage to joints. They include ...
... RA cannot be cured, but it can be treated. Without treatment, RA can cause permanent damage to joints and internal organs, and disability. How is RA treated? The main drugs to treat RA are called DMARDS (disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs). These drugs help prevent damage to joints. They include ...
RSPT 1213 - Basic Respiratory Care Pharmacology
... notify the instructor as soon as is practical in advance of that class period. If the instructor is not available, leave a message with the Health Sciences Division Secretary at 685-4600 between 8:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. All classroom performance and behavior will be considered academic. ...
... notify the instructor as soon as is practical in advance of that class period. If the instructor is not available, leave a message with the Health Sciences Division Secretary at 685-4600 between 8:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. All classroom performance and behavior will be considered academic. ...
Drugs and Drug Abuse
... ◦ intravenous - reaches brain in ~ 10 secs quick response but also most dangerous ...
... ◦ intravenous - reaches brain in ~ 10 secs quick response but also most dangerous ...
Drug interaction
A drug interaction is a situation in which a substance (usually another drug) affects the activity of a drug when both are administered together. This action can be synergistic (when the drug's effect is increased) or antagonistic (when the drug's effect is decreased) or a new effect can be produced that neither produces on its own. Typically, interactions between drugs come to mind (drug-drug interaction). However, interactions may also exist between drugs and foods (drug-food interactions), as well as drugs and medicinal plants or herbs (drug-plant interactions). People taking antidepressant drugs such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors should not take food containing tyramine as hypertensive crisis may occur (an example of a drug-food interaction). These interactions may occur out of accidental misuse or due to lack of knowledge about the active ingredients involved in the relevant substances.It is therefore easy to see the importance of these pharmacological interactions in the practice of medicine. If a patient is taking two drugs and one of them increases the effect of the other it is possible that an overdose may occur. The interaction of the two drugs may also increase the risk that side effects will occur. On the other hand, if the action of a drug is reduced it may cease to have any therapeutic use because of under dosage. Notwithstanding the above, on occasion these interactions may be sought in order to obtain an improved therapeutic effect. Examples of this include the use of codeine with paracetamol to increase its analgesic effect. Or the combination of clavulanic acid with amoxicillin in order to overcome bacterial resistance to the antibiotic. It should also be remembered that there are interactions that, from a theoretical standpoint, may occur but in clinical practice have no important repercussions.The pharmaceutical interactions that are of special interest to the practice of medicine are primarily those that have negative effects for an organism. The risk that a pharmacological interaction will appear increases as a function of the number of drugs administered to a patient at the same time.It is possible that an interaction will occur between a drug and another substance present in the organism (i.e. foods or alcohol). Or in certain specific situations a drug may even react with itself, such as occurs with dehydration. In other situations, the interaction does not involve any effect on the drug. In certain cases, the presence of a drug in an individual's blood may affect certain types of laboratory analysis (analytical interference).It is also possible for interactions to occur outside an organism before administration of the drugs has taken place. This can occur when two drugs are mixed, for example, in a saline solution prior to intravenous injection. Some classic examples of this type of interaction include that Thiopentone and Suxamethonium should not be placed in the same syringe and same is true for Benzylpenicillin and Heparin. These situations will all be discussed under the same heading due to their conceptual similarity.Drug interactions may be the result of various processes. These processes may include alterations in the pharmacokinetics of the drug, such as alterations in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of a drug. Alternatively, drug interactions may be the result of the pharmacodynamic properties of the drug, e.g. the co-administration of a receptor antagonist and an agonist for the same receptor.