SUBSTANCE ABUSE PHARMACOLOGY
... The Debut of a “new” phenomena called FREE BASING- The smoking of Cocaine, made infamous by the likes of Richard Pryor. It’s used spread like “wild fire” further and faster than any drug before, and went on to change the face of not only the USA but the world. How and why did this happen – CHEAP, A ...
... The Debut of a “new” phenomena called FREE BASING- The smoking of Cocaine, made infamous by the likes of Richard Pryor. It’s used spread like “wild fire” further and faster than any drug before, and went on to change the face of not only the USA but the world. How and why did this happen – CHEAP, A ...
Ocular Pharmacology
... Biological and therapeutic effect of the drug: Mechanism of action Most drugs act by binding to regulatory macromolecules, usually neurotransmitters or hormone receptors or enzymes If the drug is working at the receptor level, it can be agonist or antagonist If the drug is working at the enzyme l ...
... Biological and therapeutic effect of the drug: Mechanism of action Most drugs act by binding to regulatory macromolecules, usually neurotransmitters or hormone receptors or enzymes If the drug is working at the receptor level, it can be agonist or antagonist If the drug is working at the enzyme l ...
PPT Version - OMICS International
... genuine and reliable contributions to the scientific community. OMICS Group hosts over 400 leading-edge peer reviewed Open Access Journals and organizes over 300 International Conferences annually all over the world. OMICS Publishing Group journals have over 3 million readers and the fame and succes ...
... genuine and reliable contributions to the scientific community. OMICS Group hosts over 400 leading-edge peer reviewed Open Access Journals and organizes over 300 International Conferences annually all over the world. OMICS Publishing Group journals have over 3 million readers and the fame and succes ...
KINETICS OF ELIMINATION
... Drugs are administered in such a way so as to maintain a steady state of drug in the body ...
... Drugs are administered in such a way so as to maintain a steady state of drug in the body ...
Pure Food and Drug
... assigned to what is now known as the Food Safety and Inspection Service, which remains within the Agriculture Department. ...
... assigned to what is now known as the Food Safety and Inspection Service, which remains within the Agriculture Department. ...
Clinical pharmacology - Львівський національний медичний
... Pharmacotherapy of patients in this age group is complicated by the presence of several diseases, and therefore the use of various drugs increase the risk of unwanted side reactions (in patients over 60 years - 1.5 times more likely than in youth), changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ...
... Pharmacotherapy of patients in this age group is complicated by the presence of several diseases, and therefore the use of various drugs increase the risk of unwanted side reactions (in patients over 60 years - 1.5 times more likely than in youth), changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ...
A CROSS-SECTIONAL, OBSERVATIONAL, PROSPECTIVE STUDY FOR EVALUATION OF
... past few years regarding safe and effective use of drugs shows that irrational drug use is a global phenomena and only few prescription justify rational use of drug [2]. The World Health Organization in Nairobi in 1985 defined that, "Rational use of drugs requires that patients receive medications a ...
... past few years regarding safe and effective use of drugs shows that irrational drug use is a global phenomena and only few prescription justify rational use of drug [2]. The World Health Organization in Nairobi in 1985 defined that, "Rational use of drugs requires that patients receive medications a ...
Gliptins: disabling joint pain
... oedema, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (1 case) or elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) (1 case). Some findings suggested an autoimmune reaction: antinuclear antibodies (2 cases), and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (1 case). Certain patients received corticosteroids, methotrexate or a ...
... oedema, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (1 case) or elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) (1 case). Some findings suggested an autoimmune reaction: antinuclear antibodies (2 cases), and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (1 case). Certain patients received corticosteroids, methotrexate or a ...
Pharmacokinetics
... needed for biotransformation of two drugs that are prescribed at the same time for an animal ...
... needed for biotransformation of two drugs that are prescribed at the same time for an animal ...
File
... Usually convert the parent drug to a more polar metabolite by introducing a functional group (OH, -NH2, -SH). Phase I metabolism may increase, decrease, activate (prodrug, e.g. enalapril) or leave unaltered the drug’s pharmacologic activity. Phase I reactions are catalyzed by the cytochrome P450 (CY ...
... Usually convert the parent drug to a more polar metabolite by introducing a functional group (OH, -NH2, -SH). Phase I metabolism may increase, decrease, activate (prodrug, e.g. enalapril) or leave unaltered the drug’s pharmacologic activity. Phase I reactions are catalyzed by the cytochrome P450 (CY ...
Drugs and the liver
... The speed of metabolism of drugs is dependent on the microsomal enzyme system. Certain drugs, e.g. phenytoin, barbiturates and alcohol, can themselves increase the activity of these enzymes such as cytochrome P450, i.e. cause "enzyme induction", and are known as 'inducing agents'. Therapy with any o ...
... The speed of metabolism of drugs is dependent on the microsomal enzyme system. Certain drugs, e.g. phenytoin, barbiturates and alcohol, can themselves increase the activity of these enzymes such as cytochrome P450, i.e. cause "enzyme induction", and are known as 'inducing agents'. Therapy with any o ...
The Pricing of Pharmaceutical Products and Price
... • Same drug is sold at different prices by the SAME company too! ...
... • Same drug is sold at different prices by the SAME company too! ...
Document
... a. A would reach steady state faster than would B. b. A would have a higher steady state plasma concentration than would B. c. B would have a higher steady state body level than would A. d. B should have a loading dose administered; A should not. ...
... a. A would reach steady state faster than would B. b. A would have a higher steady state plasma concentration than would B. c. B would have a higher steady state body level than would A. d. B should have a loading dose administered; A should not. ...
HIV Negative
... including Fatal Cases, have been reported with the use of Nucleoside Analogues [AZT, 3TC, ddl, D4T] alone or in combination, including Retrovir and other Antiretrovirals (see warnings)." The most surprising thing about AZT is that it doesn’t even claim to work: "Retrovir is not a cure for HIV infect ...
... including Fatal Cases, have been reported with the use of Nucleoside Analogues [AZT, 3TC, ddl, D4T] alone or in combination, including Retrovir and other Antiretrovirals (see warnings)." The most surprising thing about AZT is that it doesn’t even claim to work: "Retrovir is not a cure for HIV infect ...
Psychoactive drugs - Stamford High School
... Club Drugs The term club drug describes drugs found at concerts, dance clubs, and drug parties, called raves. These drugs are sometimes disguised in foods, or slipped into drinks and taken without a person’s knowledge. ...
... Club Drugs The term club drug describes drugs found at concerts, dance clubs, and drug parties, called raves. These drugs are sometimes disguised in foods, or slipped into drinks and taken without a person’s knowledge. ...
6GuN8Qo9Dfp1QZDN8ubBtuHr_F8SNcwjgzjV3UndOuNh4gNcd
... 3 - provides long-lasting analgesic effect ...
... 3 - provides long-lasting analgesic effect ...
Oral Anticancer Drugs
... Drug or biological has been approved by the FDA; and It has the same active ingredients as a non-self-administrable anticancer chemotherapeutic drug or biological that is covered when furnished incident to a physician’s service. The oral anticancer drug and non-self-administrable drug must have ...
... Drug or biological has been approved by the FDA; and It has the same active ingredients as a non-self-administrable anticancer chemotherapeutic drug or biological that is covered when furnished incident to a physician’s service. The oral anticancer drug and non-self-administrable drug must have ...
department/course
... the day you return to school to receive credit. In addition, if you are more than 10 minutes late for a quiz you will need to make it up by arrangement with the instructor. The highest possible grade for a make-up quiz is 90%. NOTE: If your class is a hybrid quizzes will be administered on line. The ...
... the day you return to school to receive credit. In addition, if you are more than 10 minutes late for a quiz you will need to make it up by arrangement with the instructor. The highest possible grade for a make-up quiz is 90%. NOTE: If your class is a hybrid quizzes will be administered on line. The ...
Counterfeit, Black-Market and Off-Label Drug Use
... October 10, 2012 | By Eric Palmer When a serious discussion of counterfeit drugs is held, China and India invariably come up in the conversation. That is not a surprise. The FDA says those two countries now account for 80% of the drugs and ingredients now sold in the U.S. And both are known to have ...
... October 10, 2012 | By Eric Palmer When a serious discussion of counterfeit drugs is held, China and India invariably come up in the conversation. That is not a surprise. The FDA says those two countries now account for 80% of the drugs and ingredients now sold in the U.S. And both are known to have ...
LSD
... Usually, the user feels the first effects of the drug within 30 to 90 minutes of ingestion. These experiences last for extended periods of time and typically begin to clear after about 12 hours. The physical effects include dilated pupils, higher body temperature, increased heart rate and blood pres ...
... Usually, the user feels the first effects of the drug within 30 to 90 minutes of ingestion. These experiences last for extended periods of time and typically begin to clear after about 12 hours. The physical effects include dilated pupils, higher body temperature, increased heart rate and blood pres ...
extrapyramidal reactions - Prescrire International
... oedema, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (1 case) or elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) (1 case). Some findings suggested an autoimmune reaction: antinuclear antibodies (2 cases), and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (1 case). Certain patients received corticosteroids, methotrexate or a ...
... oedema, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (1 case) or elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) (1 case). Some findings suggested an autoimmune reaction: antinuclear antibodies (2 cases), and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (1 case). Certain patients received corticosteroids, methotrexate or a ...
Free drug fraction vs. free drug concentration
... When equilibrium is achieved, according to eqn 8, fu increases and according to eqns 16 and 17 (warfarin is a low extraction ratio drug), if fu increases then Ctot decreases but Cfree remains unchanged (Fig. 1). Cfree can only transiently increase until redistribution and elimination of the generall ...
... When equilibrium is achieved, according to eqn 8, fu increases and according to eqns 16 and 17 (warfarin is a low extraction ratio drug), if fu increases then Ctot decreases but Cfree remains unchanged (Fig. 1). Cfree can only transiently increase until redistribution and elimination of the generall ...
Drug removal rate
... clearance for the drug is the same as the GFR; for example, inulin is a sugar-like substance with a molecular weight of about 6000 that is used to determine GFR; in addition creatinine is also not secreted or reabsorbed by the tubules and is also unbound and is a product of endogenous protein degrad ...
... clearance for the drug is the same as the GFR; for example, inulin is a sugar-like substance with a molecular weight of about 6000 that is used to determine GFR; in addition creatinine is also not secreted or reabsorbed by the tubules and is also unbound and is a product of endogenous protein degrad ...
Drug interaction
A drug interaction is a situation in which a substance (usually another drug) affects the activity of a drug when both are administered together. This action can be synergistic (when the drug's effect is increased) or antagonistic (when the drug's effect is decreased) or a new effect can be produced that neither produces on its own. Typically, interactions between drugs come to mind (drug-drug interaction). However, interactions may also exist between drugs and foods (drug-food interactions), as well as drugs and medicinal plants or herbs (drug-plant interactions). People taking antidepressant drugs such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors should not take food containing tyramine as hypertensive crisis may occur (an example of a drug-food interaction). These interactions may occur out of accidental misuse or due to lack of knowledge about the active ingredients involved in the relevant substances.It is therefore easy to see the importance of these pharmacological interactions in the practice of medicine. If a patient is taking two drugs and one of them increases the effect of the other it is possible that an overdose may occur. The interaction of the two drugs may also increase the risk that side effects will occur. On the other hand, if the action of a drug is reduced it may cease to have any therapeutic use because of under dosage. Notwithstanding the above, on occasion these interactions may be sought in order to obtain an improved therapeutic effect. Examples of this include the use of codeine with paracetamol to increase its analgesic effect. Or the combination of clavulanic acid with amoxicillin in order to overcome bacterial resistance to the antibiotic. It should also be remembered that there are interactions that, from a theoretical standpoint, may occur but in clinical practice have no important repercussions.The pharmaceutical interactions that are of special interest to the practice of medicine are primarily those that have negative effects for an organism. The risk that a pharmacological interaction will appear increases as a function of the number of drugs administered to a patient at the same time.It is possible that an interaction will occur between a drug and another substance present in the organism (i.e. foods or alcohol). Or in certain specific situations a drug may even react with itself, such as occurs with dehydration. In other situations, the interaction does not involve any effect on the drug. In certain cases, the presence of a drug in an individual's blood may affect certain types of laboratory analysis (analytical interference).It is also possible for interactions to occur outside an organism before administration of the drugs has taken place. This can occur when two drugs are mixed, for example, in a saline solution prior to intravenous injection. Some classic examples of this type of interaction include that Thiopentone and Suxamethonium should not be placed in the same syringe and same is true for Benzylpenicillin and Heparin. These situations will all be discussed under the same heading due to their conceptual similarity.Drug interactions may be the result of various processes. These processes may include alterations in the pharmacokinetics of the drug, such as alterations in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of a drug. Alternatively, drug interactions may be the result of the pharmacodynamic properties of the drug, e.g. the co-administration of a receptor antagonist and an agonist for the same receptor.