Europol–EMCDDA Joint Report on a new psychoactive substance: 4
... logo imprint seized in Germany. The Latvian seizures totalling 678 tablets and 1.26 grams of powder made in three seizures during 2009 had an ‘R’ logo imprint on all the tablets. Also, Slovakia reported one seizure of 1 197 tablets, all with a ‘Captagon’ logo imprint on the front and an ‘®’ imprint ...
... logo imprint seized in Germany. The Latvian seizures totalling 678 tablets and 1.26 grams of powder made in three seizures during 2009 had an ‘R’ logo imprint on all the tablets. Also, Slovakia reported one seizure of 1 197 tablets, all with a ‘Captagon’ logo imprint on the front and an ‘®’ imprint ...
FLUOROQUINOLONES - American Academy of Veterinary
... alteration of the target, DNA-gyrase (topoisomerase II), via mutation (gyr-A). Less commonly, but perhaps more importantly for gram-positive bacteria, mutation occurs at the topoisomeraseIV target (parC).{R-9; 21; 86} Other mechanisms of resistance occur when bacteria decrease the ability of the dru ...
... alteration of the target, DNA-gyrase (topoisomerase II), via mutation (gyr-A). Less commonly, but perhaps more importantly for gram-positive bacteria, mutation occurs at the topoisomeraseIV target (parC).{R-9; 21; 86} Other mechanisms of resistance occur when bacteria decrease the ability of the dru ...
SEVOFLURANE
... As with other halogenated anesthetics, sevoflurane may cause sensitivity hepatitis in patients who have been sensitized by previous exposure to halogenated anesthetics (especially when the exposure interval is less than 3 months). Clinical judgment and appropriate alternative anesthetic agents shoul ...
... As with other halogenated anesthetics, sevoflurane may cause sensitivity hepatitis in patients who have been sensitized by previous exposure to halogenated anesthetics (especially when the exposure interval is less than 3 months). Clinical judgment and appropriate alternative anesthetic agents shoul ...
for Herbal Medicines
... • Precautions and Adverse Reactions: Found in this section are any cautions or special considerations regarding safe use of the herb, including any restrictions on use in pregnancy or childhood. Although most herbal remedies are notably free of known side effects, any reported in the available liter ...
... • Precautions and Adverse Reactions: Found in this section are any cautions or special considerations regarding safe use of the herb, including any restrictions on use in pregnancy or childhood. Although most herbal remedies are notably free of known side effects, any reported in the available liter ...
Piracetam: A Review of Pharmacological
... Although piracetam is a derivative of GABA, its mechanism of action appears to be unrelated to the properties of this neurotransmitter. While the exact mode of action of piracetam is a matter of debate, there is increasing evidence that its underlying effect is to restore cell membrane fluidity, so ...
... Although piracetam is a derivative of GABA, its mechanism of action appears to be unrelated to the properties of this neurotransmitter. While the exact mode of action of piracetam is a matter of debate, there is increasing evidence that its underlying effect is to restore cell membrane fluidity, so ...
List of Substances of the Competent Federal Government and
... Substances that are not recommended for use as food or food ingredient due to known risks (No. 10) are placed on List A. These substances may be or may have been used as medicinal products (No. 9). List B Substances that are only used in food and for which a dose restriction is required due to certa ...
... Substances that are not recommended for use as food or food ingredient due to known risks (No. 10) are placed on List A. These substances may be or may have been used as medicinal products (No. 9). List B Substances that are only used in food and for which a dose restriction is required due to certa ...
Cytochrome P450 2E1 is the Principal Catalyst of Human Oxidative
... Corp.). The sodium hydroxide concentration was initially 0.75 mM for 5 min, linearly decreased to 0.5 mM at 0.1 mM/min, linearly increased to 3.0 mM over 10.5 min, increased to 80 mM at 25 mM/min and held at 80 mM for 5 min. The concentration was then linearly decreased to 0.75 mM at 14.5 mM/min, an ...
... Corp.). The sodium hydroxide concentration was initially 0.75 mM for 5 min, linearly decreased to 0.5 mM at 0.1 mM/min, linearly increased to 3.0 mM over 10.5 min, increased to 80 mM at 25 mM/min and held at 80 mM for 5 min. The concentration was then linearly decreased to 0.75 mM at 14.5 mM/min, an ...
Extended-Release Tablets, USP (SR)
... reach any conclusion about drug effect on suicide. It is unknown whether the suicidality risk extends to longer-term use, i.e., beyond several months. However, there is substantial evidence from placebo-controlled maintenance trials in adults with depression that the use of antidepressants can delay ...
... reach any conclusion about drug effect on suicide. It is unknown whether the suicidality risk extends to longer-term use, i.e., beyond several months. However, there is substantial evidence from placebo-controlled maintenance trials in adults with depression that the use of antidepressants can delay ...
Teschke2009_kava
... countries kava was mainly used as ethanolic or acetonic rather than aqueous extracts for treatment of anxiety disorders (Stevinson et al., 2002; Pittler and Ernst, 2003; Ernst, 2004), and discussions emerged regarding their possible hepatotoxic properties (BfArM, 2002; Loew and Franz, 2003; Schulze ...
... countries kava was mainly used as ethanolic or acetonic rather than aqueous extracts for treatment of anxiety disorders (Stevinson et al., 2002; Pittler and Ernst, 2003; Ernst, 2004), and discussions emerged regarding their possible hepatotoxic properties (BfArM, 2002; Loew and Franz, 2003; Schulze ...
Diltiazem
... (COP) (by increasing stroke volume), and produces a slight decrease in heart rate. ...
... (COP) (by increasing stroke volume), and produces a slight decrease in heart rate. ...
Clinical pharmacology and abuse potential of gamma‐hydroxybutyric acid (GHB)
... All active conditions induced positive effects related to their abuse potential. The administration of GHB produced euphoria and pleasurable effects with slightly higher ratings than those observed for flunitrazepam and ethanol. GHB induced a biphasic time profile with an ...
... All active conditions induced positive effects related to their abuse potential. The administration of GHB produced euphoria and pleasurable effects with slightly higher ratings than those observed for flunitrazepam and ethanol. GHB induced a biphasic time profile with an ...
Clinical and pharmacological evaluation of buprenorphine and
... effects and was considered liable to abuse by these subjects. The buprenorphine and naloxone combination was very aversive and not substantially different from naloxone alone. Following the combination dose, opiate agonist effects did eventually emerge but they were always delayed and attenuated whe ...
... effects and was considered liable to abuse by these subjects. The buprenorphine and naloxone combination was very aversive and not substantially different from naloxone alone. Following the combination dose, opiate agonist effects did eventually emerge but they were always delayed and attenuated whe ...
Glucosamine sulfate.fm
... synovial fluid [11]. However, it also exerts specific pharmacological effects on osteoarthritic cartilage and chondrocytes. Glucosamine base must be salified for pharmaceutical use, and glucosamine sulfate is the salt that was originally developed as a prescription drug and used in the vast majority ...
... synovial fluid [11]. However, it also exerts specific pharmacological effects on osteoarthritic cartilage and chondrocytes. Glucosamine base must be salified for pharmaceutical use, and glucosamine sulfate is the salt that was originally developed as a prescription drug and used in the vast majority ...
St John`s wort (Hypericum perforatum L.): a review of its
... al 1999 ; Panocka et al 2000). One of these studies, which involved a dry extract of hypericum containing 0.3 % hypericin and 3.8 % hyperforin, reported that the antidepressant activity may be mediated by interaction with sigma receptors and by increased serotonergic transmission (Panocka et al 2000 ...
... al 1999 ; Panocka et al 2000). One of these studies, which involved a dry extract of hypericum containing 0.3 % hypericin and 3.8 % hyperforin, reported that the antidepressant activity may be mediated by interaction with sigma receptors and by increased serotonergic transmission (Panocka et al 2000 ...
Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Profile of Valsartan: A Review
... Valsartan is a potent, orally active nonpeptide tetrazole derivative and selectively inhibits Angiotensin II Receptor type 1 (Flesch et al., 1997) which causes reduction in blood pressure and is used in treatment of hypertension. It was first developed by Novartis and has a wide market in the develo ...
... Valsartan is a potent, orally active nonpeptide tetrazole derivative and selectively inhibits Angiotensin II Receptor type 1 (Flesch et al., 1997) which causes reduction in blood pressure and is used in treatment of hypertension. It was first developed by Novartis and has a wide market in the develo ...
Medicinal uses of licorice through the millennia
... but the effects are more persistent, even after the drug has been discontinued until a salt-free diet is given. However, they did not observe a positive response, but rather a slight negative response, to licorice extract in a patient suffering from Addison’s disease who did not respond to ACTH. The ...
... but the effects are more persistent, even after the drug has been discontinued until a salt-free diet is given. However, they did not observe a positive response, but rather a slight negative response, to licorice extract in a patient suffering from Addison’s disease who did not respond to ACTH. The ...
Potential Novel Uses of Thalidomide
... inflammatory bowel disease, Sjögren’s syndrome, lupus erythematosus and a variety of solid tumours is currently being explored. Furthermore, in preliminary studies, thalidomide has been found to be effective in several syndromes related to advanced cancer, such as the cancer cachexia syndrome, chron ...
... inflammatory bowel disease, Sjögren’s syndrome, lupus erythematosus and a variety of solid tumours is currently being explored. Furthermore, in preliminary studies, thalidomide has been found to be effective in several syndromes related to advanced cancer, such as the cancer cachexia syndrome, chron ...
Poisoning and Drug Overdose
... reliable in their efforts to provide information that is complete and generally in accord with the standards accepted at the time of publication. However, in view of the possibility of human error or changes in medical sciences, neither the authors nor the publisher nor any other party who has been ...
... reliable in their efforts to provide information that is complete and generally in accord with the standards accepted at the time of publication. However, in view of the possibility of human error or changes in medical sciences, neither the authors nor the publisher nor any other party who has been ...
product monograph
... terfenadine 60 mg BID for 15 days. Fluconazole 200 mg was administered daily from days 9 through 15. Fluconazole did not affect terfenadine plasma concentrations. Terfenadine acid metabolite AUC increased 36% ± 36% (range: 7 to 102%) from day 8 to day 15 with the concomitant administration of flucon ...
... terfenadine 60 mg BID for 15 days. Fluconazole 200 mg was administered daily from days 9 through 15. Fluconazole did not affect terfenadine plasma concentrations. Terfenadine acid metabolite AUC increased 36% ± 36% (range: 7 to 102%) from day 8 to day 15 with the concomitant administration of flucon ...
Advances in Pharmacological Research of Eugenol
... The development and application of natural drugs have been done for thousands of years. As a type of plant extract, eugenol has a very long application history. In recent years, given its low toxicity and less residual activity, eugenol has been widely used in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry ...
... The development and application of natural drugs have been done for thousands of years. As a type of plant extract, eugenol has a very long application history. In recent years, given its low toxicity and less residual activity, eugenol has been widely used in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry ...
《药剂学》课程双语教学方法建设的工作进展
... applys to potent drug of low dose. USP method, 10 tablets are individually assayed for their content. The amount of active ingredient in each tablet lies within the range of 85% to 115% of the label claim(标示量) and the RSD is less than 6.0%. ...
... applys to potent drug of low dose. USP method, 10 tablets are individually assayed for their content. The amount of active ingredient in each tablet lies within the range of 85% to 115% of the label claim(标示量) and the RSD is less than 6.0%. ...
Drug interaction
A drug interaction is a situation in which a substance (usually another drug) affects the activity of a drug when both are administered together. This action can be synergistic (when the drug's effect is increased) or antagonistic (when the drug's effect is decreased) or a new effect can be produced that neither produces on its own. Typically, interactions between drugs come to mind (drug-drug interaction). However, interactions may also exist between drugs and foods (drug-food interactions), as well as drugs and medicinal plants or herbs (drug-plant interactions). People taking antidepressant drugs such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors should not take food containing tyramine as hypertensive crisis may occur (an example of a drug-food interaction). These interactions may occur out of accidental misuse or due to lack of knowledge about the active ingredients involved in the relevant substances.It is therefore easy to see the importance of these pharmacological interactions in the practice of medicine. If a patient is taking two drugs and one of them increases the effect of the other it is possible that an overdose may occur. The interaction of the two drugs may also increase the risk that side effects will occur. On the other hand, if the action of a drug is reduced it may cease to have any therapeutic use because of under dosage. Notwithstanding the above, on occasion these interactions may be sought in order to obtain an improved therapeutic effect. Examples of this include the use of codeine with paracetamol to increase its analgesic effect. Or the combination of clavulanic acid with amoxicillin in order to overcome bacterial resistance to the antibiotic. It should also be remembered that there are interactions that, from a theoretical standpoint, may occur but in clinical practice have no important repercussions.The pharmaceutical interactions that are of special interest to the practice of medicine are primarily those that have negative effects for an organism. The risk that a pharmacological interaction will appear increases as a function of the number of drugs administered to a patient at the same time.It is possible that an interaction will occur between a drug and another substance present in the organism (i.e. foods or alcohol). Or in certain specific situations a drug may even react with itself, such as occurs with dehydration. In other situations, the interaction does not involve any effect on the drug. In certain cases, the presence of a drug in an individual's blood may affect certain types of laboratory analysis (analytical interference).It is also possible for interactions to occur outside an organism before administration of the drugs has taken place. This can occur when two drugs are mixed, for example, in a saline solution prior to intravenous injection. Some classic examples of this type of interaction include that Thiopentone and Suxamethonium should not be placed in the same syringe and same is true for Benzylpenicillin and Heparin. These situations will all be discussed under the same heading due to their conceptual similarity.Drug interactions may be the result of various processes. These processes may include alterations in the pharmacokinetics of the drug, such as alterations in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of a drug. Alternatively, drug interactions may be the result of the pharmacodynamic properties of the drug, e.g. the co-administration of a receptor antagonist and an agonist for the same receptor.