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Aging Biology and Geriatric Clinical Pharmacology
Aging Biology and Geriatric Clinical Pharmacology

... linked mechanistically to altered drug handling, altered physiological reserve, and pharmacodynamic responses. Parenteral loading doses need only be adjusted for body weight as volumes of distribution are little changed, whereas oral loading doses in some ...
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... Ergot alkaloids in Ipomoea & Argyreia plants are produced by Claviceps-like endophyte fungi not by the plant itself (2006) ...
Drug Awareness - South Fayette Township
Drug Awareness - South Fayette Township

... Amphetamines belong to a group of drugs called psycho stimulants, a central nervous system stimulant. They speed up the messages going to and from the brain and body. Their effect is similar to that of the body’s own adrenalin. Even though amphetamines mimic the effects of adrenalin, they act for a ...
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Chemistry in Daily Life
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FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FLOATING CONTROLLED RELEASE TABLETS OF
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... Dry suspension is commercial dry mixtures that require addition of water at the time of dispensing. The major consequence of the bitter taste is to restrict greatly the further development of oral preparations and clinical applications of these drugs. People wish to take effective drugs that have a ...
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GALLIPRANT® (grapiprant tablets)

... dog to dog. Consult your veterinarian if your dog appears to be uncomfortable. GALLIPRANT may need to be given for an extended period of time. Use the lowest dose to provide adequate pain control. Always consult with your veterinarian before altering the dose. It is important to periodically discuss ...
Benzodiazepines - NorthWestern Mental Health
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... they can increase anxiety and depression People using high doses are at greater risk of memory impairment and impulsive behaviour that they may later regret Anxiety and depression can be a symptom of withdrawal from benzodiazepines and can occur between doses as a symptom of withdrawal ...
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Anti Ulceration and Anti Emetics

... sucrose, which releases aluminium in the presence of acid. The residual complex carries a strong negative charge and binds to cationic groups in proteins, glycoproteins, etc. It can form complex gels with mucus, an action that is thought to decrease the degradation of mucus by pepsin and to limit th ...
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Dart Transmitters - Wildlife Materials

... 770-942-4395) and from Wiley and Sons, at 7007 Co Rd 2120, Wills Point, TX 75169 (tel. 903-848-7912). The flight of the dart is not significantly affected by the addition of a transmitter, except that it drops somewhat faster. Additionally, milder and slower-acting drugs, or smaller doses of potent ...
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Drug interaction



A drug interaction is a situation in which a substance (usually another drug) affects the activity of a drug when both are administered together. This action can be synergistic (when the drug's effect is increased) or antagonistic (when the drug's effect is decreased) or a new effect can be produced that neither produces on its own. Typically, interactions between drugs come to mind (drug-drug interaction). However, interactions may also exist between drugs and foods (drug-food interactions), as well as drugs and medicinal plants or herbs (drug-plant interactions). People taking antidepressant drugs such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors should not take food containing tyramine as hypertensive crisis may occur (an example of a drug-food interaction). These interactions may occur out of accidental misuse or due to lack of knowledge about the active ingredients involved in the relevant substances.It is therefore easy to see the importance of these pharmacological interactions in the practice of medicine. If a patient is taking two drugs and one of them increases the effect of the other it is possible that an overdose may occur. The interaction of the two drugs may also increase the risk that side effects will occur. On the other hand, if the action of a drug is reduced it may cease to have any therapeutic use because of under dosage. Notwithstanding the above, on occasion these interactions may be sought in order to obtain an improved therapeutic effect. Examples of this include the use of codeine with paracetamol to increase its analgesic effect. Or the combination of clavulanic acid with amoxicillin in order to overcome bacterial resistance to the antibiotic. It should also be remembered that there are interactions that, from a theoretical standpoint, may occur but in clinical practice have no important repercussions.The pharmaceutical interactions that are of special interest to the practice of medicine are primarily those that have negative effects for an organism. The risk that a pharmacological interaction will appear increases as a function of the number of drugs administered to a patient at the same time.It is possible that an interaction will occur between a drug and another substance present in the organism (i.e. foods or alcohol). Or in certain specific situations a drug may even react with itself, such as occurs with dehydration. In other situations, the interaction does not involve any effect on the drug. In certain cases, the presence of a drug in an individual's blood may affect certain types of laboratory analysis (analytical interference).It is also possible for interactions to occur outside an organism before administration of the drugs has taken place. This can occur when two drugs are mixed, for example, in a saline solution prior to intravenous injection. Some classic examples of this type of interaction include that Thiopentone and Suxamethonium should not be placed in the same syringe and same is true for Benzylpenicillin and Heparin. These situations will all be discussed under the same heading due to their conceptual similarity.Drug interactions may be the result of various processes. These processes may include alterations in the pharmacokinetics of the drug, such as alterations in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of a drug. Alternatively, drug interactions may be the result of the pharmacodynamic properties of the drug, e.g. the co-administration of a receptor antagonist and an agonist for the same receptor.
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