Acute and Chronic Effects of Inhalants in Intracranial Self
... Inhalants are a pharmacologically diverse group of compounds that have been ubiquitously defined through the exclusivity of the inhalational route by which humans abuse them. In addition, inhalants are associated with their legal, therapeutic and commercial availability in society. Broadly defined, ...
... Inhalants are a pharmacologically diverse group of compounds that have been ubiquitously defined through the exclusivity of the inhalational route by which humans abuse them. In addition, inhalants are associated with their legal, therapeutic and commercial availability in society. Broadly defined, ...
Neuroscience of psychoactive substance use and dependence Neur
... and, in particular, the ethical implications of new biological intervention strategies. The various health and social problems associated with use of and dependence on tobacco, alcohol and illicit substances require greater attention by the public health community and appropriate policy responses ar ...
... and, in particular, the ethical implications of new biological intervention strategies. The various health and social problems associated with use of and dependence on tobacco, alcohol and illicit substances require greater attention by the public health community and appropriate policy responses ar ...
Insect repellents
... Articles intended to be rubbed, poured, sprinkled, or sprayed on, introduced into, or otherwise applied to the human body...for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering the appearance. ...
... Articles intended to be rubbed, poured, sprinkled, or sprayed on, introduced into, or otherwise applied to the human body...for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering the appearance. ...
yeast research - Biofarmaka IPB
... and 3. The MICs of xanthorrhizol, ketoconazole, and amphotericin B alone against six Candida species were significantly higher than MICs in combination (xanthorrhizol–ketoconazole or xanthorrhizol–amphotericin B). FICI of xanthorrhizol in combination with ketoconazole against C. albicans, C. glabrat ...
... and 3. The MICs of xanthorrhizol, ketoconazole, and amphotericin B alone against six Candida species were significantly higher than MICs in combination (xanthorrhizol–ketoconazole or xanthorrhizol–amphotericin B). FICI of xanthorrhizol in combination with ketoconazole against C. albicans, C. glabrat ...
Chestal ® Cough Monograph - Boiron USA for Health Care
... The formula for Chestal and Children’s Chestal combines several homeopathic medicines. These medicines are manufactured according to the Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia of the United States’ guidelines, using the highest standards of production and quality control. Indications for homeopathic medicines ha ...
... The formula for Chestal and Children’s Chestal combines several homeopathic medicines. These medicines are manufactured according to the Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia of the United States’ guidelines, using the highest standards of production and quality control. Indications for homeopathic medicines ha ...
Product Information for fluticasone propionate and azelastine
... Fluticasone propionate has a large volume of distribution at steady-state (approximately 318 L). Plasma protein binding is 91%. Metabolism Azelastine is extensively metabolised, desmethylazelastine being the principal metabolite. No specific isoform of cytochrome P450 was found to be specific in the ...
... Fluticasone propionate has a large volume of distribution at steady-state (approximately 318 L). Plasma protein binding is 91%. Metabolism Azelastine is extensively metabolised, desmethylazelastine being the principal metabolite. No specific isoform of cytochrome P450 was found to be specific in the ...
PRODUCT MONOGRAPH COMBIGAN®
... Results from pivotal trials indicate that the mean change from baseline IOP was significantly lower (p < 0.001) with COMBIGAN® than with either brimonidine tartrate alone or timolol maleate alone for both patients with diabetes and those without diabetes. See Warnings and Precautions for considerati ...
... Results from pivotal trials indicate that the mean change from baseline IOP was significantly lower (p < 0.001) with COMBIGAN® than with either brimonidine tartrate alone or timolol maleate alone for both patients with diabetes and those without diabetes. See Warnings and Precautions for considerati ...
Synergistic interactions between Fenfluramine and
... `Fen-phen' refers to the off-label combination of the appetite suppressants fen¯uramine and phentermine. The rationale for the fen-phen combination was that the two drugs exerted independent actions on brain satiety mechanisms so that it was possible to use lower doses of each drug and yet retain a ...
... `Fen-phen' refers to the off-label combination of the appetite suppressants fen¯uramine and phentermine. The rationale for the fen-phen combination was that the two drugs exerted independent actions on brain satiety mechanisms so that it was possible to use lower doses of each drug and yet retain a ...
The Role of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor in Drug Addiction
... that are heterogenously distributed in both brain and peripheral tissues across species. In mammals, the two known native peptide agonists are CRF itself (also abbreviated CRH for corticotropin-releasing hormone) and urocortin. Presently, there are five distinct targets for CRF and urocortin with un ...
... that are heterogenously distributed in both brain and peripheral tissues across species. In mammals, the two known native peptide agonists are CRF itself (also abbreviated CRH for corticotropin-releasing hormone) and urocortin. Presently, there are five distinct targets for CRF and urocortin with un ...
... Clinical Practices, Good Laboratory Practices and the ethical principles enunciated in the revised Declaration of Helsinki. The study was approved by the University of Minnesota Institutional Review Board and informed written consent was obtained from each subject. Study 1: healthy subjects. This wa ...
TYLENOL® with Codeine
... The minimum effective analgesic concentration will vary widely among patients, especially among patients who have been previously treated with potent agonist opioids. The minimum effective analgesic concentration of codeine for any individual patient may increase over time due to an increase in pain ...
... The minimum effective analgesic concentration will vary widely among patients, especially among patients who have been previously treated with potent agonist opioids. The minimum effective analgesic concentration of codeine for any individual patient may increase over time due to an increase in pain ...
metronidazole
... lithium has been reported to increase serum lithium concentrations, resulting in signs of lithium toxicity in several patients. Serum lithium and serum creatinine levels should be obtained several days after commencing metronidazole therapy to detect any increase that may precede clinical symptoms o ...
... lithium has been reported to increase serum lithium concentrations, resulting in signs of lithium toxicity in several patients. Serum lithium and serum creatinine levels should be obtained several days after commencing metronidazole therapy to detect any increase that may precede clinical symptoms o ...
Carbamazepine ER Capsules, 300 mg 120 count
... Carbamazepine should not be used in patients with a history of previous bone marrow depression, hypersensitivity to the drug, or known sensitivity to any of the tricyclic compounds, such as amitriptyline, desipramine, imipramine, protriptyline and nortriptyline. Likewise, on theoretical grounds its ...
... Carbamazepine should not be used in patients with a history of previous bone marrow depression, hypersensitivity to the drug, or known sensitivity to any of the tricyclic compounds, such as amitriptyline, desipramine, imipramine, protriptyline and nortriptyline. Likewise, on theoretical grounds its ...
Differential Reinforcement of Low Rate Performance
... mans. One of the major reasons for these differences arose from describing the combined effects qualitatively rather than from using quantitative methods specifically developed for that purpose. Inasmuch as the pharmacological response often can be predicted from the respective PK, it is rational to ...
... mans. One of the major reasons for these differences arose from describing the combined effects qualitatively rather than from using quantitative methods specifically developed for that purpose. Inasmuch as the pharmacological response often can be predicted from the respective PK, it is rational to ...
PrZOFRAN® Tablets, Oral Solution and Injection PrZOFRAN® ODT
... therefore recommended and a total daily dose of 8 mg should not be exceeded. This may be given as a single intravenous or oral dose. Ondansetron does not itself appear to induce or inhibit the cytochrome P450 drugmetabolizing enzyme system of the liver. Because ondansetron is metabolised by hepatic ...
... therefore recommended and a total daily dose of 8 mg should not be exceeded. This may be given as a single intravenous or oral dose. Ondansetron does not itself appear to induce or inhibit the cytochrome P450 drugmetabolizing enzyme system of the liver. Because ondansetron is metabolised by hepatic ...
1. Exposure Data - IARC Monographs
... treated with anti-thyroid drugs only was 1.3 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1–1.6) for deaths from all cancers, which was chiefly due to significantly more deaths from oral cancer (4.2; 95% CI, 1.3–9.7; five cases) and brain tumours (3.7; 95% CI, 1.2–8.6; five cases). The excess risk for death fro ...
... treated with anti-thyroid drugs only was 1.3 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1–1.6) for deaths from all cancers, which was chiefly due to significantly more deaths from oral cancer (4.2; 95% CI, 1.3–9.7; five cases) and brain tumours (3.7; 95% CI, 1.2–8.6; five cases). The excess risk for death fro ...
Map and Application of States That Require a Prescription for
... Applies to any material, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of ephedrine having a potential for abuse associated with a stimulant effect on the central nervous system. Exempts products that contain ephedrine in quantities at or less than:(a) 25 milligrams in combination wi ...
... Applies to any material, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of ephedrine having a potential for abuse associated with a stimulant effect on the central nervous system. Exempts products that contain ephedrine in quantities at or less than:(a) 25 milligrams in combination wi ...
DRUGDEX DRUG EVALUATIONS
... 3. Clinical Management: If both drugs are required, give acetaminophen one hour prior to or three to four hours after cholestyramine. 4. Severity: minor 5. Onset: rapid 6. Documentation: fair 7. Probable Mechanism: decreased acetaminophen absorption B. ACIPIMOX 1. Summary: Cholestyramine has not bee ...
... 3. Clinical Management: If both drugs are required, give acetaminophen one hour prior to or three to four hours after cholestyramine. 4. Severity: minor 5. Onset: rapid 6. Documentation: fair 7. Probable Mechanism: decreased acetaminophen absorption B. ACIPIMOX 1. Summary: Cholestyramine has not bee ...
Map and Application of States That Require a Prescription for
... Applies to any material, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of ephedrine having a potential for abuse associated with a stimulant effect on the central nervous system. Exempts products that contain ephedrine in quantities at or less than:(a) 25 milligrams in combination wi ...
... Applies to any material, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of ephedrine having a potential for abuse associated with a stimulant effect on the central nervous system. Exempts products that contain ephedrine in quantities at or less than:(a) 25 milligrams in combination wi ...
Magnesium Sulfate In 5% Dextrose Injection, USP
... acetylcholine liberated at the end plate by the motor nerve impulse. Magnesium is said to have a depressant effect on the central nervous system, but it does not adversely affect the mother, fetus or neonate when used as directed in eclampsia or pre-eclampsia. Normal serum magnesium levels range fro ...
... acetylcholine liberated at the end plate by the motor nerve impulse. Magnesium is said to have a depressant effect on the central nervous system, but it does not adversely affect the mother, fetus or neonate when used as directed in eclampsia or pre-eclampsia. Normal serum magnesium levels range fro ...
RP-HPLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND
... Norepinephrine also binds to the α1-adrenergic receptors on blood vessels, causing them to constrict and raise blood pressure. Carvedilol blocks this binding to the α1-adrenergic receptors too,[3] which also lowers blood pressure. Relative to other beta blockers, carvedilol has minimal inverse agoni ...
... Norepinephrine also binds to the α1-adrenergic receptors on blood vessels, causing them to constrict and raise blood pressure. Carvedilol blocks this binding to the α1-adrenergic receptors too,[3] which also lowers blood pressure. Relative to other beta blockers, carvedilol has minimal inverse agoni ...
Special Contribution Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity: Still an
... NAPQI. Consequently, the severity of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity is enhanced by chronic alcohol intake (Sato et al., 1981a; Zimmerman and Maddrey, 1995; Schmidt et al., 2002), and even a therapeutic dose of APAP (generally considered to be nontoxic in nonalcoholics) may lead to hepatotoxicity. On th ...
... NAPQI. Consequently, the severity of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity is enhanced by chronic alcohol intake (Sato et al., 1981a; Zimmerman and Maddrey, 1995; Schmidt et al., 2002), and even a therapeutic dose of APAP (generally considered to be nontoxic in nonalcoholics) may lead to hepatotoxicity. On th ...
Drug interaction
A drug interaction is a situation in which a substance (usually another drug) affects the activity of a drug when both are administered together. This action can be synergistic (when the drug's effect is increased) or antagonistic (when the drug's effect is decreased) or a new effect can be produced that neither produces on its own. Typically, interactions between drugs come to mind (drug-drug interaction). However, interactions may also exist between drugs and foods (drug-food interactions), as well as drugs and medicinal plants or herbs (drug-plant interactions). People taking antidepressant drugs such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors should not take food containing tyramine as hypertensive crisis may occur (an example of a drug-food interaction). These interactions may occur out of accidental misuse or due to lack of knowledge about the active ingredients involved in the relevant substances.It is therefore easy to see the importance of these pharmacological interactions in the practice of medicine. If a patient is taking two drugs and one of them increases the effect of the other it is possible that an overdose may occur. The interaction of the two drugs may also increase the risk that side effects will occur. On the other hand, if the action of a drug is reduced it may cease to have any therapeutic use because of under dosage. Notwithstanding the above, on occasion these interactions may be sought in order to obtain an improved therapeutic effect. Examples of this include the use of codeine with paracetamol to increase its analgesic effect. Or the combination of clavulanic acid with amoxicillin in order to overcome bacterial resistance to the antibiotic. It should also be remembered that there are interactions that, from a theoretical standpoint, may occur but in clinical practice have no important repercussions.The pharmaceutical interactions that are of special interest to the practice of medicine are primarily those that have negative effects for an organism. The risk that a pharmacological interaction will appear increases as a function of the number of drugs administered to a patient at the same time.It is possible that an interaction will occur between a drug and another substance present in the organism (i.e. foods or alcohol). Or in certain specific situations a drug may even react with itself, such as occurs with dehydration. In other situations, the interaction does not involve any effect on the drug. In certain cases, the presence of a drug in an individual's blood may affect certain types of laboratory analysis (analytical interference).It is also possible for interactions to occur outside an organism before administration of the drugs has taken place. This can occur when two drugs are mixed, for example, in a saline solution prior to intravenous injection. Some classic examples of this type of interaction include that Thiopentone and Suxamethonium should not be placed in the same syringe and same is true for Benzylpenicillin and Heparin. These situations will all be discussed under the same heading due to their conceptual similarity.Drug interactions may be the result of various processes. These processes may include alterations in the pharmacokinetics of the drug, such as alterations in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of a drug. Alternatively, drug interactions may be the result of the pharmacodynamic properties of the drug, e.g. the co-administration of a receptor antagonist and an agonist for the same receptor.