CHAPTER 13: ENDOCRINE SYSTEM OBJECTIVES
... Define the term hormone and explain its general characteristics. HORMONE = a very powerful substance secreted by an endocrine gland into the bloodstream, that affects the function of another cell or "target cell". A. General Characteristics: ...
... Define the term hormone and explain its general characteristics. HORMONE = a very powerful substance secreted by an endocrine gland into the bloodstream, that affects the function of another cell or "target cell". A. General Characteristics: ...
Goiter - American Thyroid Association
... enlarge producing a goiter. However, TSI also stimulates the thyroid to make too much thyroid hormone (causes hyperthyroidism). Since the pituitary senses too much thyroid hormone, it stops secreting TSH. In spite of this the thyroid gland continues to grow and make thyroid hormone. Therefore, Grave ...
... enlarge producing a goiter. However, TSI also stimulates the thyroid to make too much thyroid hormone (causes hyperthyroidism). Since the pituitary senses too much thyroid hormone, it stops secreting TSH. In spite of this the thyroid gland continues to grow and make thyroid hormone. Therefore, Grave ...
Learning Check Key - Mayfield City Schools
... Radioisotopes with short half-lives are used in nuclear medicine because they • have the same chemistry in the body as the nonradioactive atoms • give off radiation that exposes a photographic plate (scan), giving an image of an organ ...
... Radioisotopes with short half-lives are used in nuclear medicine because they • have the same chemistry in the body as the nonradioactive atoms • give off radiation that exposes a photographic plate (scan), giving an image of an organ ...
Goiter - American Thyroid Association
... stimulates the thyroid to make too much thyroid hormone (causes hyperthyroidism). Since the pituitary senses too much thyroid hormone, it stops secreting TSH. In spite of this the thyroid gland continues to grow and make thyroid hormone. Therefore, Graves’ disease produces a goiter and hyperthyroidi ...
... stimulates the thyroid to make too much thyroid hormone (causes hyperthyroidism). Since the pituitary senses too much thyroid hormone, it stops secreting TSH. In spite of this the thyroid gland continues to grow and make thyroid hormone. Therefore, Graves’ disease produces a goiter and hyperthyroidi ...
Nuclear chemistry – the study of nuclear reactions and their uses in
... i. Reactions that multiple in this fashion are called chain reactions. ii. The chain stops if neutrons are lost. Critical mass – the amount of fissionable material large enough to maintain the chain reaction with a constant rate of fission. i. When the critical mass of material is present, one neutr ...
... i. Reactions that multiple in this fashion are called chain reactions. ii. The chain stops if neutrons are lost. Critical mass – the amount of fissionable material large enough to maintain the chain reaction with a constant rate of fission. i. When the critical mass of material is present, one neutr ...
Goiter - American Thyroid Association
... stimulates the thyroid to make too much thyroid hormone (causes hyperthyroidism). Since the pituitary senses too much thyroid hormone, it stops secreting TSH. In spite of this the thyroid gland continues to grow and make thyroid hormone. Therefore, Graves’ disease produces a goiter and hyperthyroidi ...
... stimulates the thyroid to make too much thyroid hormone (causes hyperthyroidism). Since the pituitary senses too much thyroid hormone, it stops secreting TSH. In spite of this the thyroid gland continues to grow and make thyroid hormone. Therefore, Graves’ disease produces a goiter and hyperthyroidi ...
Vitamin and Mineral Function
... Vitamin B12—B12 is unique in that it is the only vitamin that contains an essential mineral--namely, cobalt. Cobalt is thereby needed to make B12 and so is essential for health. It is often used with older people to give an energy boost, assist in preventing mental deterioration and helps with speed ...
... Vitamin B12—B12 is unique in that it is the only vitamin that contains an essential mineral--namely, cobalt. Cobalt is thereby needed to make B12 and so is essential for health. It is often used with older people to give an energy boost, assist in preventing mental deterioration and helps with speed ...
TSH Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Thyotropin
... TSH has a half life of about an hour It is a member of the glycoprotein hormone which consists of two subunits alpha subunit which is encoded by the CGA gene Unique Beta chain encoded by the TSHB gene which is on chromosome 1p13 and contains 3 exons the first off which is non-coding. TSH is pulsatil ...
... TSH has a half life of about an hour It is a member of the glycoprotein hormone which consists of two subunits alpha subunit which is encoded by the CGA gene Unique Beta chain encoded by the TSHB gene which is on chromosome 1p13 and contains 3 exons the first off which is non-coding. TSH is pulsatil ...
Unit 3 Study Guide: Atomic Structure and Nuclear
... _______________ 6. Neptunium and plutonium were the first transuranium elements discovered. _______________ 7. The nuclear formula for a neutron is n. _______________ 8. The half-life of a radioisotope is the time it takes for that isotope to decay. _______________ 9. A radioisotope that decays very ...
... _______________ 6. Neptunium and plutonium were the first transuranium elements discovered. _______________ 7. The nuclear formula for a neutron is n. _______________ 8. The half-life of a radioisotope is the time it takes for that isotope to decay. _______________ 9. A radioisotope that decays very ...
Identifying Central Hypothyroidism in Persons with
... develop pituitary and/or hypothalamic dysfunction. This is a contributing factor to central hypothyroidism whose onset is not related to injury severity and can, in fact, develop several to many years post injury. This poster will define central hypothyroidism, indications for ongoing evaluation of ...
... develop pituitary and/or hypothalamic dysfunction. This is a contributing factor to central hypothyroidism whose onset is not related to injury severity and can, in fact, develop several to many years post injury. This poster will define central hypothyroidism, indications for ongoing evaluation of ...
Chapter 21: Nuclear Chemistry
... When a nucleus spontaneously decomposes in this way, it is said to have undergone radioactive decay Note that radioactive properties are independent of the state of chemical combination of an atom – we are not concerned with whether the atom is in the form of an element or in a compound ...
... When a nucleus spontaneously decomposes in this way, it is said to have undergone radioactive decay Note that radioactive properties are independent of the state of chemical combination of an atom – we are not concerned with whether the atom is in the form of an element or in a compound ...
Thyroid Hormone
... globulins (TBGs) • Both bind to target receptors, but T3 is ten times more active than T4 • Peripheral tissues convert T4 to T3 ...
... globulins (TBGs) • Both bind to target receptors, but T3 is ten times more active than T4 • Peripheral tissues convert T4 to T3 ...
Basic Body Needs - PrimaCare Health Center
... in your body. An essential nutrient for the thyroid is iodine. Without it the thyroid does not function properly, and thyroid disorders can develop. Unfortunately, there is an increasing level of iodine deficiency in people in America, which is caused by current food production and delivery methods ...
... in your body. An essential nutrient for the thyroid is iodine. Without it the thyroid does not function properly, and thyroid disorders can develop. Unfortunately, there is an increasing level of iodine deficiency in people in America, which is caused by current food production and delivery methods ...
Reassessment of combined LT4 and LT3 treatment
... evidence that combined treatment with T4 and T3 was of benefit in the treatment of hypothyroidism, especially improving quality of life.6 Nevertheless, this study has been met with scepticism and criticism based primarily on the methods and conclusions of the investigation. In the meantime, four rep ...
... evidence that combined treatment with T4 and T3 was of benefit in the treatment of hypothyroidism, especially improving quality of life.6 Nevertheless, this study has been met with scepticism and criticism based primarily on the methods and conclusions of the investigation. In the meantime, four rep ...
Negative Feedback Regulation of Hypothalamus and
... rate, respiratory rate, and strength of muscle contraction. TH affects renal function by influencing the glomerular filtration rate. In females, the menstrual cycle is frequently affected. TH promotes alertness and the ability to think quickly. TH also has a calorigenic (heat production) effect on t ...
... rate, respiratory rate, and strength of muscle contraction. TH affects renal function by influencing the glomerular filtration rate. In females, the menstrual cycle is frequently affected. TH promotes alertness and the ability to think quickly. TH also has a calorigenic (heat production) effect on t ...
Introduction to the Endocrine System
... 2. What are the ‘organs’ of the endocrine system and what do they make? ...
... 2. What are the ‘organs’ of the endocrine system and what do they make? ...
21J 2011 The Polywell Nuclear Reactor Website July 4, 2011
... Once Chadwick had established the existence of neutrons, it was easy to account for the relation between atomic number and mass number. The atomic number was the proton number, and the mass number was the nucleon number. Also, neutrons made it possible to explain how the mass number of an element co ...
... Once Chadwick had established the existence of neutrons, it was easy to account for the relation between atomic number and mass number. The atomic number was the proton number, and the mass number was the nucleon number. Also, neutrons made it possible to explain how the mass number of an element co ...
Chapter 28
... for a second or less and then they decay into something else. Many of them were made by Dr. Seaborg and his team of researchers. ...
... for a second or less and then they decay into something else. Many of them were made by Dr. Seaborg and his team of researchers. ...
Document
... for animal growth and prevent premature metamorphosis and as transcriptional activators of these genes when T3 becomes available later to initiate metamorphic changes in different tissues. ...
... for animal growth and prevent premature metamorphosis and as transcriptional activators of these genes when T3 becomes available later to initiate metamorphic changes in different tissues. ...
nuclear radiation, continued
... 〉How does radiation affect the nucleus of an unstable isotope? 〉Anytime that an unstable nucleus emits alpha or beta particles, the number of protons or neutrons. Nuclear-decay equations are similar to those used for chemical reactions. ...
... 〉How does radiation affect the nucleus of an unstable isotope? 〉Anytime that an unstable nucleus emits alpha or beta particles, the number of protons or neutrons. Nuclear-decay equations are similar to those used for chemical reactions. ...
12 · Nuclear Chemistry
... In a magnetic field, the alpha particle is bent __________ (a lot, a little, not at all). In a magnetic field, the beta particle is bent __________ (a lot, a little, not at all). In a magnetic field, the gamma particle is bent __________ (a lot, a little, not at all). ...
... In a magnetic field, the alpha particle is bent __________ (a lot, a little, not at all). In a magnetic field, the beta particle is bent __________ (a lot, a little, not at all). In a magnetic field, the gamma particle is bent __________ (a lot, a little, not at all). ...
South Pasadena • Chemistry Name Period Date 8 · Nuclear
... In a magnetic field, the alpha particle is bent __________ (a lot, a little, not at all). In a magnetic field, the beta particle is bent __________ (a lot, a little, not at all). In a magnetic field, the gamma particle is bent __________ (a lot, a little, not at all). ...
... In a magnetic field, the alpha particle is bent __________ (a lot, a little, not at all). In a magnetic field, the beta particle is bent __________ (a lot, a little, not at all). In a magnetic field, the gamma particle is bent __________ (a lot, a little, not at all). ...
Radioisotopes: An overview - International Journal of Case Reports
... [6]. Radium played by far a more important role than polonium. Its separation in significant amount opened the way to its medical and industrial application and also its use in laboratories. Later ‘uranic rays’ was discovered by Henri Becquerel in 1900 [5]. Overall 1800 isotopes are present, but at ...
... [6]. Radium played by far a more important role than polonium. Its separation in significant amount opened the way to its medical and industrial application and also its use in laboratories. Later ‘uranic rays’ was discovered by Henri Becquerel in 1900 [5]. Overall 1800 isotopes are present, but at ...
Thyroid Surgery Information Leaflet
... removed. Once you are put to sleep (under general anaesthetic) the surgeon makes a 23 inches (5-8cms) cut across the neck just above the collarbone. The surgeon then removes the gland or part of the gland taking care to preserve the parathyroid glands (discussed later) and the nerves to your vocal c ...
... removed. Once you are put to sleep (under general anaesthetic) the surgeon makes a 23 inches (5-8cms) cut across the neck just above the collarbone. The surgeon then removes the gland or part of the gland taking care to preserve the parathyroid glands (discussed later) and the nerves to your vocal c ...
Nutrition Considerations with Hormone Balance
... Thyroid cell for iodide causes it to be trapped there, oxidized to elemental iodine, and then incorporated into an amino acid, tyrosine, which in a series of coupling reactions becomes the active hormones, triiodothyronine and tetraiodothyronine (thyroxine). The optimal adult requirement for iodine ...
... Thyroid cell for iodide causes it to be trapped there, oxidized to elemental iodine, and then incorporated into an amino acid, tyrosine, which in a series of coupling reactions becomes the active hormones, triiodothyronine and tetraiodothyronine (thyroxine). The optimal adult requirement for iodine ...
Iodine-131
Iodine-131 (131I), also loosely and nonspecifically called radioiodine, is an important radioisotope of iodine discovered by Glenn Seaborg and John Livingood in 1938 at the University of California, Berkeley. It has a radioactive decay half-life of about eight days. It is associated with nuclear energy, medical diagnostic and treatment procedures, and natural gas production. It also plays a major role as a radioactive isotope present in nuclear fission products, and was a significant contributor to the health hazards from open-air atomic bomb testing in the 1950s, and from the Chernobyl disaster, as well as being a large fraction of the contamination hazard in the first weeks in the Fukushima nuclear crisis. This is because I-131 is a major uranium, plutonium fission product, comprising nearly 3% of the total products of fission (by weight). See fission product yield for a comparison with other radioactive fission products. I-131 is also a major fission product of uranium-233, produced from thorium.Due to its mode of beta decay, iodine-131 is notable for causing mutation and death in cells that it penetrates, and other cells up to several millimeters away. For this reason, high doses of the isotope are sometimes less dangerous than low doses, since they tend to kill thyroid tissues that would otherwise become cancerous as a result of the radiation. For example, children treated with moderate dose of I-131 for thyroid adenomas had a detectable increase in thyroid cancer, but children treated with a much higher dose did not. Likewise, most studies of very-high-dose I-131 for treatment of Graves disease have failed to find any increase in thyroid cancer, even though there is linear increase in thyroid cancer risk with I-131 absorption at moderate doses. Thus, iodine-131 is increasingly less employed in small doses in medical use (especially in children), but increasingly is used only in large and maximal treatment doses, as a way of killing targeted tissues. This is known as ""therapeutic use.""Iodine-131 can be ""seen"" by nuclear medicine imaging techniques (i.e., gamma cameras) whenever it is given for therapeutic use, since about 10% of its energy and radiation dose is via gamma radiation. However, since the other 90% of radiation (beta radiation) causes tissue damage without contributing to any ability to see or ""image"" the isotope, other less-damaging radioisotopes of iodine such as iodine-123 (see isotopes of iodine) are preferred in situations when only nuclear imaging is required. The isotope I-131 is still occasionally used for purely diagnostic (i.e., imaging) work, due to its low expense compared to other iodine radioisotopes. Very small medical imaging doses of I-131 have not shown any increase in thyroid cancer. The low-cost availability of I-131, in turn, is due to the relative ease of creating I-131 by neutron bombardment of natural tellurium in a nuclear reactor, then separating I-131 out by various simple methods (i.e., heating to drive off the volatile iodine). By contrast, other iodine radioisotopes are usually created by far more expensive techniques, starting with reactor radiation of expensive capsules of pressurized xenon gas.Iodine-131 is also one of the most commonly used gamma-emitting radioactive industrial tracer. Radioactive tracer isotopes are injected with hydraulic fracturing fluid to determine the injection profile and location of fractures created by hydraulic fracturing.Much smaller incidental doses of iodine-131 than those used in medical therapeutic procedures, are thought to be the major cause of increased thyroid cancers after accidental nuclear contamination. These cancers happen from residual tissue radiation damage caused by the I-131, and usually appear years after exposure, long after the I-131 has decayed.