Chapter 8 "Ionic versus Covalent Bonding"
... This is the energy released when 1 mol of gaseous ion pairs is formed, not when 1 mol of positive and negative ions condenses to form a crystalline lattice. Because of long-range interactions in the lattice structure, this energy does not correspond directly to the lattice energy of the crystalline ...
... This is the energy released when 1 mol of gaseous ion pairs is formed, not when 1 mol of positive and negative ions condenses to form a crystalline lattice. Because of long-range interactions in the lattice structure, this energy does not correspond directly to the lattice energy of the crystalline ...
Physical Nature of Interactions in Zn Complexes Molecules (QTAIM), Interacting Quantum Atoms
... Molecules (QTAIM), energy decomposition schemes based on Interacting Quantum Atoms (IQA) and Extended Transition State coupled with Natural Orbitals for Chemical Valence (ETSNOCV). Finally, the Non-covalent Interactions (NCI) index was also applied. All methods consistently indicated that the streng ...
... Molecules (QTAIM), energy decomposition schemes based on Interacting Quantum Atoms (IQA) and Extended Transition State coupled with Natural Orbitals for Chemical Valence (ETSNOCV). Finally, the Non-covalent Interactions (NCI) index was also applied. All methods consistently indicated that the streng ...
High-Energy Emission from the PSR B1259
... 10−3 (E/100 keV)−α ph. cm−2 s−1 MeV−1 , with photon index α = 1.8±0.6. The power-law fit is good (χ2dof = 0.90 for 40 degrees of freedom). Also shown in Fig. 1 is the ASCA spectrum for the January 26, 1994 observation (Kaspi et al. 1995; hereafter KTN95). The emission in the OSSE band is consistent ...
... 10−3 (E/100 keV)−α ph. cm−2 s−1 MeV−1 , with photon index α = 1.8±0.6. The power-law fit is good (χ2dof = 0.90 for 40 degrees of freedom). Also shown in Fig. 1 is the ASCA spectrum for the January 26, 1994 observation (Kaspi et al. 1995; hereafter KTN95). The emission in the OSSE band is consistent ...
Heriot-Watt University Scattering Dynamics of Oxygen Atoms on
... is to transform a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution of translational energies at the surface temperature to a TOF distribution and adjust its amplitude to fit the slow (TD) component (red curves in Fig. 2). Then the IS component of the TOF is determined by subtracting the fitted TD component from the ...
... is to transform a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution of translational energies at the surface temperature to a TOF distribution and adjust its amplitude to fit the slow (TD) component (red curves in Fig. 2). Then the IS component of the TOF is determined by subtracting the fitted TD component from the ...
Bond Dissociation Energies of Organic Molecules
... gas, pV ) RT; therefore, as an approximation, as T f 0 K, H f U. From statistical mechanics it is possible to approximate the internal energy of a system as independent contributions from electronic (Eelec), vibrational (Evib), rotational (Erot), and translational (Etrans) energy. At T ) 0 K, all mo ...
... gas, pV ) RT; therefore, as an approximation, as T f 0 K, H f U. From statistical mechanics it is possible to approximate the internal energy of a system as independent contributions from electronic (Eelec), vibrational (Evib), rotational (Erot), and translational (Etrans) energy. At T ) 0 K, all mo ...
IGR J18483-0311: a new intermediate supergiant fast X
... which allowed them to pinpoint its USNO B1.0 0868−0478906 and 2MASS J18481720−0310168 counterparts. They found that the magnitudes were typical of an absorbed massive late O/early B star which, along with the position of the source in the Corbet diagram as well as the periodicity of its high-energy ...
... which allowed them to pinpoint its USNO B1.0 0868−0478906 and 2MASS J18481720−0310168 counterparts. They found that the magnitudes were typical of an absorbed massive late O/early B star which, along with the position of the source in the Corbet diagram as well as the periodicity of its high-energy ...
Chemistry
... Materials and Technology Chemical research and development in the twentieth century have provided us with new materials that have profoundly improved the quality of our lives and helped to advance technology in countless ways. A few examples are polymers (including rubber and nylon), ceramics (such ...
... Materials and Technology Chemical research and development in the twentieth century have provided us with new materials that have profoundly improved the quality of our lives and helped to advance technology in countless ways. A few examples are polymers (including rubber and nylon), ceramics (such ...
Theoretical Modeling of Magnesium Ion Imprints in the Raman
... spectra, it is clear that also the anions cause minor spectral changes. However, their interpretation goes beyond the scope of this study. Supposedly, the role of the metal cation is dominant and the interaction of simple halogenide ions with water is weaker.1,5,12 For example, the computations indi ...
... spectra, it is clear that also the anions cause minor spectral changes. However, their interpretation goes beyond the scope of this study. Supposedly, the role of the metal cation is dominant and the interaction of simple halogenide ions with water is weaker.1,5,12 For example, the computations indi ...
part 2
... The X-ray study of rotation-powered or radio pulsars has had a close link with Xray astronomy from its very beginning. After the discovery of Sco X−1 as the first extra-solar X-ray source by rocket-borne Geiger counters (Giacconi et al. 1962), the next source of celestial X-rays identified was the C ...
... The X-ray study of rotation-powered or radio pulsars has had a close link with Xray astronomy from its very beginning. After the discovery of Sco X−1 as the first extra-solar X-ray source by rocket-borne Geiger counters (Giacconi et al. 1962), the next source of celestial X-rays identified was the C ...
Class notes - Bullis Haiku
... The number of ligands attached to the metal ion is its coordination number. The most common coordination numbers are: 6 with examples Co(H2O)62+ and Ni(NH3)63+ ...
... The number of ligands attached to the metal ion is its coordination number. The most common coordination numbers are: 6 with examples Co(H2O)62+ and Ni(NH3)63+ ...
The First Precise Molecular Structure of a Monomeric Transition
... intention is to provide precise bond length and angle data for comparison with theoretical predictions. Low-coordinate compounds are the simplest to calculate reliably and the most straightforward to analyze, because there are no multiple interactions between one metal and several ligands. Simple cy ...
... intention is to provide precise bond length and angle data for comparison with theoretical predictions. Low-coordinate compounds are the simplest to calculate reliably and the most straightforward to analyze, because there are no multiple interactions between one metal and several ligands. Simple cy ...
Binuclear Metal Complexes of a Doubly Bridged Cyclopentadienyl
... The fold angle between the best planes for the two Cp units is 23”. The two dicarbonylcobalt fragments are coordinated to the concave surface of the bridging ligand. The intramolecular Co-Co distance is 425 pm. It is possible for the six-membered ring to adopt a much steeper boat conformation than t ...
... The fold angle between the best planes for the two Cp units is 23”. The two dicarbonylcobalt fragments are coordinated to the concave surface of the bridging ligand. The intramolecular Co-Co distance is 425 pm. It is possible for the six-membered ring to adopt a much steeper boat conformation than t ...
3011800000810
... and imaged on-axis, we extracted source spectra from each detector using an extraction radius of r ¼ 18 00 ; we used r ¼ 30 00 in the third observation when IGR J163584726 was imaged offaxis. We then built instrument response files using the standard SAS tools arfgen and rmfgen. Background spectra ...
... and imaged on-axis, we extracted source spectra from each detector using an extraction radius of r ¼ 18 00 ; we used r ¼ 30 00 in the third observation when IGR J163584726 was imaged offaxis. We then built instrument response files using the standard SAS tools arfgen and rmfgen. Background spectra ...
support material
... Dalton's Atomic Theory All substances are made up of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms. Atoms of the same element are identical in shape, size, mass and other properties. Atoms of different elements are different in all respects. Atom is the smallest unit that takes part in chemical combinati ...
... Dalton's Atomic Theory All substances are made up of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms. Atoms of the same element are identical in shape, size, mass and other properties. Atoms of different elements are different in all respects. Atom is the smallest unit that takes part in chemical combinati ...
Many-body van der Waals interactions in molecules and condensed
... In order to enable rational predictions and design of molecular and condensed-matter materials, including the interfaces between them, a reliable first-principles method is required that can describe vdW interactions both accurately and efficiently. However, forming an accurate description of vdW in ...
... In order to enable rational predictions and design of molecular and condensed-matter materials, including the interfaces between them, a reliable first-principles method is required that can describe vdW interactions both accurately and efficiently. However, forming an accurate description of vdW in ...
Sulfur and iron surface states on fractured pyrite surfaces
... XPS spectrum is interpreted to include bulk disulfide contributions at 162.6 eV and two surface state contributions at 162.0 and 161.3 eV. The monosulfide (S22) emission is near 161.3 eV, as observed in S(2p) spectra of pyrrhotite, and the 162 eV peak is interpreted to result from the surface-most s ...
... XPS spectrum is interpreted to include bulk disulfide contributions at 162.6 eV and two surface state contributions at 162.0 and 161.3 eV. The monosulfide (S22) emission is near 161.3 eV, as observed in S(2p) spectra of pyrrhotite, and the 162 eV peak is interpreted to result from the surface-most s ...
Acknowledgements - HAL
... Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) spectra measured with Eu at pH 5 showed that such a simple reference system is not applicable for Eu-PAA [4-5], i.e. the bidentate coordination could not be evidenced. This was explained by the degree of freedom of the carboxylate groups which is constrained by the ...
... Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) spectra measured with Eu at pH 5 showed that such a simple reference system is not applicable for Eu-PAA [4-5], i.e. the bidentate coordination could not be evidenced. This was explained by the degree of freedom of the carboxylate groups which is constrained by the ...
Understanding Trends in CO2 Adsorption
... Ti and V) can be understood by the fact that their 3s and 4s electrons screen the nucleus more effectively than the partially filled 3d electrons of Ti and V (dxy, dxz, and dyz), reducing the effective positive charge of alkaline earth cations. (This effect has been recently pointed out by Yu et al. in ...
... Ti and V) can be understood by the fact that their 3s and 4s electrons screen the nucleus more effectively than the partially filled 3d electrons of Ti and V (dxy, dxz, and dyz), reducing the effective positive charge of alkaline earth cations. (This effect has been recently pointed out by Yu et al. in ...
Metastable inner-shell molecular state
Metastable Innershell Molecular State (MIMS) is a class of ultra-high-energy short-lived molecules have the binding energy up to 1,000 times larger and bond length up to 100 times smaller than typical molecules. MIMS is formed by inner-shell electrons that are normally resistant to molecular formation. However, in stellar conditions, the inner-shell electrons become reactive to form molecular structures (MIMS) from combinations of all elements in the periodic table. MIMS upon dissociation can emit x-ray photons with energies up to 100 keV at extremely high conversion efficiencies from compression energy to photon energy. MIMS is predicted to exist and dominate radiation processes in extreme astrophysical environments, such as large planet cores, star interiors, and black hole and neutron star surroundings. There, MIMS is predicted to enable highly energy-efficient transformation of the stellar compression energy into the radiation energy.The right schematic illustration shows the proposed four stages of the K-shell MIMS (K-MIMS) formation and x-ray generation process. Stage I: Individual atoms are subjected to the stellar compression and ready for absorbing the compression energy. Stage II: The outer electron shells fuse together under increasing ""stellar"" pressure. Stage III: At the peak pressure, via pressure ionization K-shell orbits form the K-MIMS, which is vibrationally hot and encapsulated by a Rydberg-like pseudo-L-Shell structure. Stage IV: The K-MIMS cools down by ionizing (""boiling-off"") a number of pseudo-L-shell electrons and subsequent optical decay by emitting an x-ray photon. The dissociated atoms return their original atoms states and are ready for absorbing the compression energy.MIMS also can be readily produced in laboratory and industrial environments, such as hypervelocity particle impact, laser fusion and z-machine. MIMS can be exploited for highly energy-efficient production of high intensity x-ray beams for a wide range of innovative applications, such as photolithography, x-ray lasers, and inertial fusion.