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form revision a
form revision a

... There are two types of compound. Covalent compounds form when non-metal atoms form covalent bonds by sharing their outer electrons. Covalent compounds exist as molecules. Ionic compounds form when metal atoms join to non-metal atoms by transferring electron(s) from the metal to the non-metal. The re ...
SOL Essential Knowledge
SOL Essential Knowledge

... 2. Ionization energy is the energy required to remove the most easily held electron. 3. Elements with low ionization energy form ions easily. F. Recognize that transition metals can have multiple oxidation states. G. Summarize the following concepts about covalent bonding: 1. Covalent bonds involve ...
Ch. 3 - Chemical Reactions
Ch. 3 - Chemical Reactions

... B.Law of Conservation of Mass ...
Original
Original

... Lewis Dot Structures are used to show the arrangement of valence electrons, their quantity being equal to the group number of the particular atom. According to the octet rule, 8 electrons are required to acquire a noble gas configuration, filling the valence shell of an atom. Hydrogen, being an exce ...
Chemistry 199 - Oregon State chemistry
Chemistry 199 - Oregon State chemistry

... Let me start by stating that we are familiar with many bases and acids. Those we know to be bases are Lewis bases and those we know to be acids are Lewis acids. Our previous ideas of bases and acids came from Arrhenius, Bronsted, and Lowry. These ideas involved protons—bases accept a proton and acid ...
Atomic Theory - World of Teaching
Atomic Theory - World of Teaching

... the mass of a ball of clay? The mass changes as the altitude of the ball of clay changes. The mass changes as the shape of the ball of clay changes. The mass of the ball of clay is unchanged by altitude or shape. The mass is doubled when the ball of clay is divided into two equal pieces. ...
Aps midREVIEW
Aps midREVIEW

... C.  noble gas D.  halogen 3.   Which substance can be decomposed by chemical change? A.  beryllium B.  boron C.  methanol D.  magnesium 4.   Which element is an active nonmetal? A.  neon B.  oxygen C.  zinc D.  chromium 5.  To which group do the alkaline earth metals belong? A.  1 B.  2 C.  11 D.  1 ...
Summer Assignment Ch. 2-5
Summer Assignment Ch. 2-5

... simulate conditions thought to have existed on the early Earth. Explain the elements of this experiment, using arrows to indicate what occurs in various parts of the apparatus. ...
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The chemical building blocks of life Carbon

... -  Carbon is capable of forming complex molecules not only with itself, but also with H, O and N This is because the bonds C-C, C-H, C-O, and C-N have similar energies For instance, N can replace C in ring structures ...
The structure of Matter
The structure of Matter

... that they must have 8 valence electrons (also called a noble gas configuration). O Depending on how many valence electrons the atom is starting with, it will give away, steal, or share electrons in order to obtain 8. O Atoms will form either IONIC or COVALENT bonds. O The way that an atom bonds dete ...
Dec. 15 , 2012, 9:00 am – noon - Dr. K. Brown
Dec. 15 , 2012, 9:00 am – noon - Dr. K. Brown

... 36) Given the bond enthalpies below, compute the enthalpy change for the following chemical reaction: NH3 (g) + Cl2 (g) Æ NH2Cl (g) + HCl (g) Bond energies N-H (389 kJ/mol); Cl-Cl (243 kJ/mol); N-Cl (201 kJ/mol); and H-Cl (431 kJ/mol) ...
Chemistry Curriculum Guide
Chemistry Curriculum Guide

... Bonds form between atoms to achieve stability. ...
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Sommerfeld-Drude model Ground state of ideal electron gas

... easy to understand – at any finite temperature the Fermi distribution changes appreciably from its zero temperature value only in a narrow region of width few kBT around . The Fermi edge is smeared out over this narrow energy range by the thermally created electron–hole pairs. The states are neithe ...
chapter43
chapter43

... Metallic bonds are generally weaker than ionic or covalent bonds The outer electrons in the atoms of a metal are relatively free to move through the ...
chemistry final - Madison Public Schools
chemistry final - Madison Public Schools

... 43.  The  total  number  of  oxygen  atoms  indicated  by  the  formula  Fe2(CO3)3  is:   A. 6     ...
Chapter 3
Chapter 3

... THE AUFBAU PRINCIPLE (BUILDING UP PRINCIPLE) ...
Glowing Tubes for Signs, Television Sets, and Computers
Glowing Tubes for Signs, Television Sets, and Computers

... A television picture tube or computer monitor is also fundamentally a cathode ray tube. In this case the electrons are directed onto a screen containing chemical compounds that glow when struck by fast-moving electrons. The use of various compounds that emit different colors when they are struck by ...
Ionic Bonding
Ionic Bonding

... eight electrons in their outer energy levels (or two in the case of helium). These noble gas structures are thought of as being in some way a "desirable" thing for an atom to have. You may well have been left with the strong impression that when other atoms react, they try to organize things such th ...
Chapter 1-
Chapter 1-

... – The Kekulé structure (named after August Kekulé who formulated it) is a six-membered ring with alternating double and single bonds ...
Chapter 1--Title - Imperial Valley College
Chapter 1--Title - Imperial Valley College

... – The Kekulé structure (named after August Kekulé who formulated it) is a six-membered ring with alternating double and single bonds ...
1 - Cobb Learning
1 - Cobb Learning

... 75. When a light wave bends as it goes from one medium to another is called _______ A. refraction B. frequency C. reflection D. diffraction 76. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. as wavelength decreases, frequency decreases B. as wavelength increases, frequency increases C. as wavelength ...
Grade 10 NSC Chemistry Curriculum
Grade 10 NSC Chemistry Curriculum

... covalent molecules, names and formulae of covalent compounds. • Ionic bonding: transfer of electrons in the formation of ionic bonding, cations and anions, electron diagrams of simple ionic compounds. Ionic structure as illustrated by sodium chloride • Revise the writing of names when given the form ...
Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass. Examples
Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass. Examples

... Density is the mass per unit of volume. It is affected by a change in temperature. Formula: Density = mass D=m Volume V ...
High School Chemistry
High School Chemistry

... b. Using the periodic table, predict the charge an atom will acquire when it forms an ion by gaining or losing electrons. c. Compare covalent and ionic bonds with respect to electron behavior and relative bond strengths. d. Diagram a model of a metallic bond and explain how it differs from ionic an ...
Measuring and Calculating
Measuring and Calculating

...  measure of the disorder or randomness of a system. {more randomness, more entropy}  Solids are more ordered than liquids, which are more ordered than gases. Typically the more particles that are randomly moving then the more entropy (so S is directly dependent on T).  Because gases have more ran ...
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Resonance (chemistry)



In chemistry, resonance or mesomerism is a way of describing delocalized electrons within certain molecules or polyatomic ions where the bonding cannot be expressed by one single Lewis formula. A molecule or ion with such delocalized electrons is represented by several contributing structures (also called resonance structures or canonical forms).Each contributing structure can be represented by a Lewis structure, with only an integer number of covalent bonds between each pair of atoms within the structure. Several Lewis structures are used collectively to describe the actual molecular structure, which is an approximate intermediate between the canonical forms called a resonance hybrid. Contributing structures differ only in the position of electrons, not in the position of nuclei.Electron delocalization lowers the potential energy of the substance and thus makes it more stable than any of the contributing structures. The difference between the potential energy of the actual structure and that of the contributing structure with the lowest potential energy is called the resonance energy or delocalization energy.Resonance is distinguished from tautomerism and conformational isomerism, which involve the formation of isomers, thus the rearrangement of the nuclear positions.
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