Quantum Energy Regression using Scattering Transforms
... several permutations of its Coulomb matrix. The final predicted energy is then the average of the predicted energy for each permutation. While this technique improves performance, the data augmentation can significantly increase the size of the data set. In the context of kernel ridge regression, wh ...
... several permutations of its Coulomb matrix. The final predicted energy is then the average of the predicted energy for each permutation. While this technique improves performance, the data augmentation can significantly increase the size of the data set. In the context of kernel ridge regression, wh ...
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... 13) The precise weight of a mole of some pure elements like silicon (Si) can vary slightly from the standard atomic mass, or even from sample to sample. Why? A) The element may undergo radioactive decay. B) The element may react with itself and gain or lose subatomic particles. C) The atoms of the e ...
... 13) The precise weight of a mole of some pure elements like silicon (Si) can vary slightly from the standard atomic mass, or even from sample to sample. Why? A) The element may undergo radioactive decay. B) The element may react with itself and gain or lose subatomic particles. C) The atoms of the e ...
The Quantum Hall Effect: Novel Excitations and Broken Symmetries
... the MBE growth direction. The dark circles indicate the Si+ ions which have donated electrons into the quantum well. The lowest electric subband wave function of the quantum well is illustrated by the dashed line. It is common to use an alloy of GaAs and AlAs rather than pure AlAs for the barrier re ...
... the MBE growth direction. The dark circles indicate the Si+ ions which have donated electrons into the quantum well. The lowest electric subband wave function of the quantum well is illustrated by the dashed line. It is common to use an alloy of GaAs and AlAs rather than pure AlAs for the barrier re ...
Strong quantum confinement effects in SnS nanocrystals produced
... The morphology of the as-prepared products was studied by SEM. The SEM image (Figure 2) show that the product is consisting of very small spherical SnS nanocrystallites aggregated in the form of polydispersive nanoclusters with sizes smaller than 100 nm. It is very hard to discuss about nanoparticl ...
... The morphology of the as-prepared products was studied by SEM. The SEM image (Figure 2) show that the product is consisting of very small spherical SnS nanocrystallites aggregated in the form of polydispersive nanoclusters with sizes smaller than 100 nm. It is very hard to discuss about nanoparticl ...
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... 13) The precise weight of a mole of some pure elements like silicon (Si) can vary slightly from the standard atomic mass, or even from sample to sample. Why? A) The element may undergo radioactive decay. B) The element may react with itself and gain or lose subatomic particles. C) The atoms of the e ...
... 13) The precise weight of a mole of some pure elements like silicon (Si) can vary slightly from the standard atomic mass, or even from sample to sample. Why? A) The element may undergo radioactive decay. B) The element may react with itself and gain or lose subatomic particles. C) The atoms of the e ...
Phase switching in a voltage-biased Aharonov-Bohm interferometer Vadim I. Puller
... The phase of a transmission coefficient through a quantum dot 共QD兲 can be experimentally studied using an Aharonov-Bohm 共AB兲 interferometer with the QD embedded in one of its arms.1,2 Since the early experiments,1 a large body of theoretical work have been devoted to study of the rich phase behavior ...
... The phase of a transmission coefficient through a quantum dot 共QD兲 can be experimentally studied using an Aharonov-Bohm 共AB兲 interferometer with the QD embedded in one of its arms.1,2 Since the early experiments,1 a large body of theoretical work have been devoted to study of the rich phase behavior ...
Growth and Characterization of ZnO Nanocrystals
... would be possible without a deep knowledge of material science. Obviously, a lot are known about the world around us and the materials in it, since we have been able to develop all the functional machines that we use today. But there are more to find out both concerning fundamental properties of our ...
... would be possible without a deep knowledge of material science. Obviously, a lot are known about the world around us and the materials in it, since we have been able to develop all the functional machines that we use today. But there are more to find out both concerning fundamental properties of our ...
Quantum Random Bit Generation using Energy Fluctuations in
... We tested the statistical properties of our random binary strings using the DIEHARD test suite [17]. The DIEHARD tests run on 11 MB binary files, and each test returns a p-value on [0, 1). For a good source of random bits, the output p-values should be uniform on [0, 1); clear failure of a test is i ...
... We tested the statistical properties of our random binary strings using the DIEHARD test suite [17]. The DIEHARD tests run on 11 MB binary files, and each test returns a p-value on [0, 1). For a good source of random bits, the output p-values should be uniform on [0, 1); clear failure of a test is i ...
In Situ Vanadium K-Edge and Tungsten LIII-Edge X
... undistorted octahedral coordination environment. There are several examples reported in the literature for VIII compounds displaying XANES with either very weak or no discernible preedge features. These include K3V(cat)3,14a VIII in H2SO4 and HCl solutions,14a,b and NaV(EDTA)‚H2O and Na3[V(NTA)2}.14 ...
... undistorted octahedral coordination environment. There are several examples reported in the literature for VIII compounds displaying XANES with either very weak or no discernible preedge features. These include K3V(cat)3,14a VIII in H2SO4 and HCl solutions,14a,b and NaV(EDTA)‚H2O and Na3[V(NTA)2}.14 ...
Control of a Two-Dimensional Electron Gas on SrTiO
... diminishing weight of the wave function in the topmost Ti layer further justifies the assumption of a bulk-truncated surface for the modeling of the electronic structure. For the remainder of this Letter, we discuss the origin of the 2DEG and its relation to interface 2DEGs. Since STO is a band insu ...
... diminishing weight of the wave function in the topmost Ti layer further justifies the assumption of a bulk-truncated surface for the modeling of the electronic structure. For the remainder of this Letter, we discuss the origin of the 2DEG and its relation to interface 2DEGs. Since STO is a band insu ...
Electron-scattering cross sections for 1
... formula are taken directly; therefore, the TCS values presented in this work are in absolute scale. The statistical uncertainties (one standard deviation of the weighted mean value) of the TCS values are about 2% below 2 eV, while they do not exceed 1% over the whole remaining range of the electroni ...
... formula are taken directly; therefore, the TCS values presented in this work are in absolute scale. The statistical uncertainties (one standard deviation of the weighted mean value) of the TCS values are about 2% below 2 eV, while they do not exceed 1% over the whole remaining range of the electroni ...
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a surface-sensitive quantitative spectroscopic technique that measures the elemental composition at the parts per thousand range, empirical formula, chemical state and electronic state of the elements that exist within a material. XPS spectra are obtained by irradiating a material with a beam of X-rays while simultaneously measuring the kinetic energy and number of electrons that escape from the top 0 to 10 nm of the material being analyzed. XPS requires high vacuum (P ~ 10−8 millibar) or ultra-high vacuum (UHV; P < 10−9 millibar) conditions, although a current area of development is ambient-pressure XPS, in which samples are analyzed at pressures of a few tens of millibar.XPS is a surface chemical analysis technique that can be used to analyze the surface chemistry of a material in its as-received state, or after some treatment, for example: fracturing, cutting or scraping in air or UHV to expose the bulk chemistry, ion beam etching to clean off some or all of the surface contamination (with mild ion etching) or to intentionally expose deeper layers of the sample (with more extensive ion etching) in depth-profiling XPS, exposure to heat to study the changes due to heating, exposure to reactive gases or solutions, exposure to ion beam implant, exposure to ultraviolet light.XPS is also known as ESCA (Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis), an abbreviation introduced by Kai Siegbahn's research group to emphasize the chemical (rather than merely elemental) information that the technique provides.In principle XPS detects all elements. In practice, using typical laboratory-scale X-ray sources, XPS detects all elements with an atomic number (Z) of 3 (lithium) and above. It cannot easily detect hydrogen (Z = 1) or helium (Z = 2).Detection limits for most of the elements (on a modern instrument) are in the parts per thousand range. Detection limits of parts per million (ppm) are possible, but require special conditions: concentration at top surface or very long collection time (overnight).XPS is routinely used to analyze inorganic compounds, metal alloys, semiconductors, polymers, elements, catalysts, glasses, ceramics, paints, papers, inks, woods, plant parts, make-up, teeth, bones, medical implants, bio-materials, viscous oils, glues, ion-modified materials and many others.XPS is less routinely used to analyze the hydrated forms of some of the above materials by freezing the samples in their hydrated state in an ultra pure environment, and allowing or causing multilayers of ice to sublime away prior to analysis. Such hydrated XPS analysis allows hydrated sample structures, which may be different from vacuum-dehydrated sample structures, to be studied in their more relevant as-used hydrated structure. Many bio-materials such as hydrogels are examples of such samples.