Study of diatomic molecules under short intense laser pulses
... λ = 800 nm, I = 3 × 1014 W/cm2 and with a total duration of 5 optical cycles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Schematics of the three step model. Figure reproduced from [1]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kinetic energy of the electron at recombination in function of ...
... λ = 800 nm, I = 3 × 1014 W/cm2 and with a total duration of 5 optical cycles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Schematics of the three step model. Figure reproduced from [1]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kinetic energy of the electron at recombination in function of ...
Spectroscopic Characterization of Mixed Fe−Ni
... to a ceramic boat and heated in air using a controlled procedure. First, the solution was heated to 120 °C and held for 12.5 h. This temperature was used to remove any water and residual ethanol. Next, the resulting gel was slowly ramped to 350 at 1 °C/min and held at 350 °C for 4 h. This step was i ...
... to a ceramic boat and heated in air using a controlled procedure. First, the solution was heated to 120 °C and held for 12.5 h. This temperature was used to remove any water and residual ethanol. Next, the resulting gel was slowly ramped to 350 at 1 °C/min and held at 350 °C for 4 h. This step was i ...
Rotational and Vibrational Spectroscopy
... The spring allows the two masses to oscillate about their equilibrium position generating a a periodically varying dipole moment. If the electric field and oscillation of the dipole moment have the same frequency and if they are in phase, the molecule can absorb energy from the field. For a classica ...
... The spring allows the two masses to oscillate about their equilibrium position generating a a periodically varying dipole moment. If the electric field and oscillation of the dipole moment have the same frequency and if they are in phase, the molecule can absorb energy from the field. For a classica ...
Chemisorption of acrylonitrile on the Cu(100) Linköping University Post Print
... DMOL numeric basis sets is their low BSSE values. For transition metal complexes, the BSSE was estimated to be significantly less than 5 kcal/mol.18 Note that the binding energies calculated at the LSD level are usually overestimated;19 however, the LSD approximation gives appropriate adsorption geo ...
... DMOL numeric basis sets is their low BSSE values. For transition metal complexes, the BSSE was estimated to be significantly less than 5 kcal/mol.18 Note that the binding energies calculated at the LSD level are usually overestimated;19 however, the LSD approximation gives appropriate adsorption geo ...
numerical calculation of the ground state energies of the hydrogen
... absence of closed atomic electronic shells makes hydrogen extremely compressible and stable at once in condensed phase. The softness of intermolecular repulsion in hydrogen becomes very important at high densities. It is just what makes hydrogen different from many other substances, and therefore th ...
... absence of closed atomic electronic shells makes hydrogen extremely compressible and stable at once in condensed phase. The softness of intermolecular repulsion in hydrogen becomes very important at high densities. It is just what makes hydrogen different from many other substances, and therefore th ...
Textbook Answer Keys - Mr. Massey`s Chemistry Pages
... 7. B; the series of lines found in the visible region of the spectrum is called the Balmer series; they are associated with electronic transitions from upper energy levels down to the n = 2 energy level; 8. D; the line emission spectrum of hydrogen provides evidence for the existence of electron in ...
... 7. B; the series of lines found in the visible region of the spectrum is called the Balmer series; they are associated with electronic transitions from upper energy levels down to the n = 2 energy level; 8. D; the line emission spectrum of hydrogen provides evidence for the existence of electron in ...
Photoelectron Spectroscopy of SO3 at 355 and 266 nm
... anions, McKee performed DFT/6-31+G(d) and post-HartreeFock (MP2, G2, QCISD(T)) calculations with the same basis set, yielding values for the adiabatic electron affinity of SO3 ranging from 2.15 to 2.50 eV.23 These calculations also show the anion to be pyramidal with C3V symmetry. In the present stu ...
... anions, McKee performed DFT/6-31+G(d) and post-HartreeFock (MP2, G2, QCISD(T)) calculations with the same basis set, yielding values for the adiabatic electron affinity of SO3 ranging from 2.15 to 2.50 eV.23 These calculations also show the anion to be pyramidal with C3V symmetry. In the present stu ...
Operator Algebras and Index Theorems in Quantum Field Theory
... The proportionality factor 1/4 is fixed by Hawking temperature (quantum effect). Discretization of the horizon (Bekenstein): horizon is made of cells or area 2 and k degrees of freedom ( = Planck length): A = n2, Degrees of freedom = kn , A S = Cn log k = C 2 log k, ...
... The proportionality factor 1/4 is fixed by Hawking temperature (quantum effect). Discretization of the horizon (Bekenstein): horizon is made of cells or area 2 and k degrees of freedom ( = Planck length): A = n2, Degrees of freedom = kn , A S = Cn log k = C 2 log k, ...
Homo-coupling of terminal alkynes on a noble metal surface
... (centre inset). Close inspection also reveals some features (white) ascribed to impurities of unknown nature resulting from the limited quality of the powder used for evaporation. The potential (catalytic) role of these impurities in the resulting topography is excluded in conjunction with experimen ...
... (centre inset). Close inspection also reveals some features (white) ascribed to impurities of unknown nature resulting from the limited quality of the powder used for evaporation. The potential (catalytic) role of these impurities in the resulting topography is excluded in conjunction with experimen ...
Adobe Photoshop PDF - Perimeter Institute
... 2. The tape describing Alice’s path through spacetime must lie flat. She is experiencing no “force of gravity” and no acceleration so she must follow a straight path. 3. The tape describing Bob’s path must be crinkled. He is experiencing the ground pushing up on him, accelerating him up, and so he m ...
... 2. The tape describing Alice’s path through spacetime must lie flat. She is experiencing no “force of gravity” and no acceleration so she must follow a straight path. 3. The tape describing Bob’s path must be crinkled. He is experiencing the ground pushing up on him, accelerating him up, and so he m ...
Nanoelectromechanical systems
... motion of the latter will also modulate the tunnelling current. Figure 4(b) shows an example from Schwab’s group of the SET-detected signal of the mechanical beam undergoing thermal brownian motion. The area under the peak after subtracting off the white-noise background (which mostly originates from ...
... motion of the latter will also modulate the tunnelling current. Figure 4(b) shows an example from Schwab’s group of the SET-detected signal of the mechanical beam undergoing thermal brownian motion. The area under the peak after subtracting off the white-noise background (which mostly originates from ...
Theoretical Studies on Kinetics of Molecular Excited States Feng
... Abstract Kinetics on molecular excited states is a challenging subject in the field of theoretical chemistry. This thesis pays attention to theoretical studies on kinetics of photo-induced processes, including photo-chemical reactions, radiative and non-radiative transitions (intersystem crossing ...
... Abstract Kinetics on molecular excited states is a challenging subject in the field of theoretical chemistry. This thesis pays attention to theoretical studies on kinetics of photo-induced processes, including photo-chemical reactions, radiative and non-radiative transitions (intersystem crossing ...
The Two Slit Experiment
... We now repeat the experiment for a third time, but in this case we use electrons. Here we imagine that there is a beam of electrons incident normally on a screen with the two slits, with all the electrons having the same energy E and momentum p. The screen is a fluorescent screen, so that the arriva ...
... We now repeat the experiment for a third time, but in this case we use electrons. Here we imagine that there is a beam of electrons incident normally on a screen with the two slits, with all the electrons having the same energy E and momentum p. The screen is a fluorescent screen, so that the arriva ...
TCNQ-based Supramolecular Architectures at Metal Surfaces
... resulted in issues of device fabrication and performance as feature size continues to shrink. To tackle these diculties, surface science focuses on the physical and chemical reactions occurring on both sides of an interface and is certainly one of the most active elds of research at present. Since ...
... resulted in issues of device fabrication and performance as feature size continues to shrink. To tackle these diculties, surface science focuses on the physical and chemical reactions occurring on both sides of an interface and is certainly one of the most active elds of research at present. Since ...
FREE Sample Here
... 13) The precise weight of a mole of some pure elements like silicon (Si) can vary slightly from the standard atomic mass, or even from sample to sample. Why? A) The element may undergo radioactive decay. B) The element may react with itself and gain or lose subatomic particles. C) The atoms of the e ...
... 13) The precise weight of a mole of some pure elements like silicon (Si) can vary slightly from the standard atomic mass, or even from sample to sample. Why? A) The element may undergo radioactive decay. B) The element may react with itself and gain or lose subatomic particles. C) The atoms of the e ...
GCE Getting Started - Edexcel
... © Pearson Education Ltd 2015. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. ...
... © Pearson Education Ltd 2015. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. ...
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a surface-sensitive quantitative spectroscopic technique that measures the elemental composition at the parts per thousand range, empirical formula, chemical state and electronic state of the elements that exist within a material. XPS spectra are obtained by irradiating a material with a beam of X-rays while simultaneously measuring the kinetic energy and number of electrons that escape from the top 0 to 10 nm of the material being analyzed. XPS requires high vacuum (P ~ 10−8 millibar) or ultra-high vacuum (UHV; P < 10−9 millibar) conditions, although a current area of development is ambient-pressure XPS, in which samples are analyzed at pressures of a few tens of millibar.XPS is a surface chemical analysis technique that can be used to analyze the surface chemistry of a material in its as-received state, or after some treatment, for example: fracturing, cutting or scraping in air or UHV to expose the bulk chemistry, ion beam etching to clean off some or all of the surface contamination (with mild ion etching) or to intentionally expose deeper layers of the sample (with more extensive ion etching) in depth-profiling XPS, exposure to heat to study the changes due to heating, exposure to reactive gases or solutions, exposure to ion beam implant, exposure to ultraviolet light.XPS is also known as ESCA (Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis), an abbreviation introduced by Kai Siegbahn's research group to emphasize the chemical (rather than merely elemental) information that the technique provides.In principle XPS detects all elements. In practice, using typical laboratory-scale X-ray sources, XPS detects all elements with an atomic number (Z) of 3 (lithium) and above. It cannot easily detect hydrogen (Z = 1) or helium (Z = 2).Detection limits for most of the elements (on a modern instrument) are in the parts per thousand range. Detection limits of parts per million (ppm) are possible, but require special conditions: concentration at top surface or very long collection time (overnight).XPS is routinely used to analyze inorganic compounds, metal alloys, semiconductors, polymers, elements, catalysts, glasses, ceramics, paints, papers, inks, woods, plant parts, make-up, teeth, bones, medical implants, bio-materials, viscous oils, glues, ion-modified materials and many others.XPS is less routinely used to analyze the hydrated forms of some of the above materials by freezing the samples in their hydrated state in an ultra pure environment, and allowing or causing multilayers of ice to sublime away prior to analysis. Such hydrated XPS analysis allows hydrated sample structures, which may be different from vacuum-dehydrated sample structures, to be studied in their more relevant as-used hydrated structure. Many bio-materials such as hydrogels are examples of such samples.