The Nature of Energy (cont.)
... The Nature of Energy (cont.) • Chemical potential energy is energy stored in a substance because of its composition. • Chemical potential energy is important in chemical reactions. • Heat is energy that is in the process of flowing from a warmer object to a cooler ...
... The Nature of Energy (cont.) • Chemical potential energy is energy stored in a substance because of its composition. • Chemical potential energy is important in chemical reactions. • Heat is energy that is in the process of flowing from a warmer object to a cooler ...
atomic theory - unit a
... ATOMIC MASS Masses of atoms are so small that we define the atomic mass unit (amu) to scale up the numbers ...
... ATOMIC MASS Masses of atoms are so small that we define the atomic mass unit (amu) to scale up the numbers ...
Problem
... • The Pauli exclusion principle states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers n, l, ml and ms. – For a given orbital the values of n, l, and ml ...
... • The Pauli exclusion principle states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers n, l, ml and ms. – For a given orbital the values of n, l, and ml ...
1 Chemical kinetics
... Porder of the reaction with respect to species Bi . The total order of mi and k is the rate constant. Not all reactions have an order. For the reaction is m = i ...
... Porder of the reaction with respect to species Bi . The total order of mi and k is the rate constant. Not all reactions have an order. For the reaction is m = i ...
FXM Rev 1 Key - Grande Cache Community High School
... the Planetary Atomic Model. hydrocarbons These are organic compounds that contain both carbon and hydrogen. Methane (CH4) is an example. Avogadro’s number This is a number that groups a very large amount of atoms or molecules to facilitate measurement and calculations in chemistry. It is the number ...
... the Planetary Atomic Model. hydrocarbons These are organic compounds that contain both carbon and hydrogen. Methane (CH4) is an example. Avogadro’s number This is a number that groups a very large amount of atoms or molecules to facilitate measurement and calculations in chemistry. It is the number ...
honors chem 6 day review packet
... The Noble gases are stable because they have ___ ______________ ____________. Elements are placed in order of ______________ _______________ and placed in groups according to their ___________________ __________________. Rows = ______________ =___________ __________ _______ Columns =______________ = ...
... The Noble gases are stable because they have ___ ______________ ____________. Elements are placed in order of ______________ _______________ and placed in groups according to their ___________________ __________________. Rows = ______________ =___________ __________ _______ Columns =______________ = ...
Solon City Schools
... • If the cation is monoatomic- Name the metal (cation) just write the name. • If the cation is polyatomic- name it. • If the anion is monoatomic- name it but change the ending to –ide. • If the anion is poly atomic- just name it ...
... • If the cation is monoatomic- Name the metal (cation) just write the name. • If the cation is polyatomic- name it. • If the anion is monoatomic- name it but change the ending to –ide. • If the anion is poly atomic- just name it ...
Chapter 2
... • If the cation is monoatomic- Name the metal (cation) just write the name. • If the cation is polyatomic- name it. • If the anion is monoatomic- name it but change the ending to –ide. • If the anion is poly atomic- just name it ...
... • If the cation is monoatomic- Name the metal (cation) just write the name. • If the cation is polyatomic- name it. • If the anion is monoatomic- name it but change the ending to –ide. • If the anion is poly atomic- just name it ...
Standard 4 notes
... reactions. They just change partners. If we could mass the reactants in a sealed, airtight container and make them react without opening the container, we should find that the total mass before the reaction is the same as the total mass after the reaction. Conservation of Energy- Energy is not creat ...
... reactions. They just change partners. If we could mass the reactants in a sealed, airtight container and make them react without opening the container, we should find that the total mass before the reaction is the same as the total mass after the reaction. Conservation of Energy- Energy is not creat ...
The Quantum Model of the Atom
... • Werner Heisenberg • 1927 – German theoretical physicist • Idea involved the detection of electrons, which are detected by their interactions with photons • Because photons have about the same energy as electrons, any attempt to locate a specific electron with a photon knocks the electron off its c ...
... • Werner Heisenberg • 1927 – German theoretical physicist • Idea involved the detection of electrons, which are detected by their interactions with photons • Because photons have about the same energy as electrons, any attempt to locate a specific electron with a photon knocks the electron off its c ...
Structure of atoms and solids
... their atoms. We shall see how quantum theory of the atom can be extended to account for the electrical properties of solids and how this has led to the computer, mobile phones and the internet revolution now happening. The basic building blocks (computer chips, microchips, microprocessors, etc) perf ...
... their atoms. We shall see how quantum theory of the atom can be extended to account for the electrical properties of solids and how this has led to the computer, mobile phones and the internet revolution now happening. The basic building blocks (computer chips, microchips, microprocessors, etc) perf ...
CHAPTER 1 -Chemistry -Matter -Elements -Atoms
... electronic structure Wavelength λ frequency ν Amplitutde Electromagnetic radiation: Visible spectrum Line spectrum: Photon: A quantum The speed of light = Planck’s constant = The uncertainty principle: Quantum numbers: ...
... electronic structure Wavelength λ frequency ν Amplitutde Electromagnetic radiation: Visible spectrum Line spectrum: Photon: A quantum The speed of light = Planck’s constant = The uncertainty principle: Quantum numbers: ...
Chapter 7 Quantum Theory of the Atom
... by absorbing or emitting a photon Energy of a photon is the difference in energy between the energy levels Emission of light during a transition gives the line spectrum of the element results from an e– moving from a higher energy level to a lower energy level Energy of an emitted photon ...
... by absorbing or emitting a photon Energy of a photon is the difference in energy between the energy levels Emission of light during a transition gives the line spectrum of the element results from an e– moving from a higher energy level to a lower energy level Energy of an emitted photon ...
Chemistry Reference Table Review
... 83. What are two properties of most nonmetals? (1) high ionization energy and poor electrical conductivity (2) high ionization energy and good electrical conductivity (3) low ionization energy and poor electrical conductivity (4) low ionization energy and good electrical conductivity 84. Based on Ta ...
... 83. What are two properties of most nonmetals? (1) high ionization energy and poor electrical conductivity (2) high ionization energy and good electrical conductivity (3) low ionization energy and poor electrical conductivity (4) low ionization energy and good electrical conductivity 84. Based on Ta ...
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a surface-sensitive quantitative spectroscopic technique that measures the elemental composition at the parts per thousand range, empirical formula, chemical state and electronic state of the elements that exist within a material. XPS spectra are obtained by irradiating a material with a beam of X-rays while simultaneously measuring the kinetic energy and number of electrons that escape from the top 0 to 10 nm of the material being analyzed. XPS requires high vacuum (P ~ 10−8 millibar) or ultra-high vacuum (UHV; P < 10−9 millibar) conditions, although a current area of development is ambient-pressure XPS, in which samples are analyzed at pressures of a few tens of millibar.XPS is a surface chemical analysis technique that can be used to analyze the surface chemistry of a material in its as-received state, or after some treatment, for example: fracturing, cutting or scraping in air or UHV to expose the bulk chemistry, ion beam etching to clean off some or all of the surface contamination (with mild ion etching) or to intentionally expose deeper layers of the sample (with more extensive ion etching) in depth-profiling XPS, exposure to heat to study the changes due to heating, exposure to reactive gases or solutions, exposure to ion beam implant, exposure to ultraviolet light.XPS is also known as ESCA (Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis), an abbreviation introduced by Kai Siegbahn's research group to emphasize the chemical (rather than merely elemental) information that the technique provides.In principle XPS detects all elements. In practice, using typical laboratory-scale X-ray sources, XPS detects all elements with an atomic number (Z) of 3 (lithium) and above. It cannot easily detect hydrogen (Z = 1) or helium (Z = 2).Detection limits for most of the elements (on a modern instrument) are in the parts per thousand range. Detection limits of parts per million (ppm) are possible, but require special conditions: concentration at top surface or very long collection time (overnight).XPS is routinely used to analyze inorganic compounds, metal alloys, semiconductors, polymers, elements, catalysts, glasses, ceramics, paints, papers, inks, woods, plant parts, make-up, teeth, bones, medical implants, bio-materials, viscous oils, glues, ion-modified materials and many others.XPS is less routinely used to analyze the hydrated forms of some of the above materials by freezing the samples in their hydrated state in an ultra pure environment, and allowing or causing multilayers of ice to sublime away prior to analysis. Such hydrated XPS analysis allows hydrated sample structures, which may be different from vacuum-dehydrated sample structures, to be studied in their more relevant as-used hydrated structure. Many bio-materials such as hydrogels are examples of such samples.