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Chapter 3
Chapter 3

Easy Problems in Physics 130B
Easy Problems in Physics 130B

... So the only angular momenta we can add is the two spins. Adding spin one-half to spin one-half gives us a spin 1 state that is symmetric under interchange and a spin-0 state that is antisymmetric under interchange. Remember that the highest angular momentum state is symmetric. But the overall wavefu ...
chemistry — released form
chemistry — released form

... Energy is absorbed when excitation occurs. Excitation is  when an electron goes from a low energy level to a higher  energy level.   ...
Gupta 2014 Credit: Google Images for the pictures Chapter 1
Gupta 2014 Credit: Google Images for the pictures Chapter 1

... both may be a complex. (Follow standard nomenclature for noncomplexes.) 2. Within each complex (neutral or ion), name all ligands before the metal. -Name ligands in alphabetical order -If more than one of the same ligand is present, use a numerical prefix: di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa, … -Ignore nume ...
know thy reference tables!
know thy reference tables!

... the questions can be answered using the tables.  This compilation of Reference Table related questions  from the June 2010‐January 2011 NYS Chemistry Regents exams will help you to recognize questions  requiring the use of reference tables, as well as giving you practice using the reference tables t ...
Name ______Mr. Perfect_______________________________
Name ______Mr. Perfect_______________________________

Newton’s first law
Newton’s first law

Atomic structure
Atomic structure

Objective Test (2) on Quantum Numbers MM: 30 Time : 45 min
Objective Test (2) on Quantum Numbers MM: 30 Time : 45 min

... 3. The first ionisation enthalpies of Na, Mg, Al and Si are in the order: (i) Na < Mg > Al < Si (ii) Na > Mg > Al > Si (iii) Na < Mg < Al < Si (iv) Na > Mg > Al < Si 4. Consider the isoelectronic species, Na+, Mg2+, F- and O2-. The correct order of increasing length of their radii is _________. (i) ...
C. Adding acid shifts the equilibrium to the right
C. Adding acid shifts the equilibrium to the right

electron orbits atomic spectra the Bohr atom
electron orbits atomic spectra the Bohr atom

Chemistry
Chemistry

... 11 – 2 Understand the relationship between heat and temperature (heat energy consists of the random motion and vibrations of atoms, molecules, and ions; the higher the temperature, the greater the atomic or molecular motion). 11 – 3 Understand that atoms combine to form compounds in order to achieve ...
L4 towards QM
L4 towards QM

Physics 3 for Electrical Engineering
Physics 3 for Electrical Engineering

... principle, and we will see at least one more proof. Is the uncertainty principle a fundamental limit on what we can measure? Or can we evade it? Einstein and Bohr debated this question for years, and never agreed. Today we are certain that uncertainty will not go away. Quantum uncertainty is even th ...
7 Periodic Properties of the Elements
7 Periodic Properties of the Elements

Document
Document

Schrödinger Equation
Schrödinger Equation

Q 2
Q 2

... This formalism applies equally well to scattering and decay processes! We will also use it to analyze  and  decay later in the course... ...
CHEM1611 Worksheet 2: Atomic Accountancy Model 1: Atomic
CHEM1611 Worksheet 2: Atomic Accountancy Model 1: Atomic

... Throughout history, the model of the atom and how/where the electrons exist and move has changed as our scientific knowledge has increased. The current model describes the motions of electrons using atomic orbitals. Orbitals gives us information about the probability of an electron being in a partic ...
Chapter
Chapter

... Example models based on free energy minimisation have been made e.g. for surface and interfacial systems, where the surface, interfacial or adsorbed atomic or molecular layers are modeled as separate phases. In an analogous fashion the partitioning effect of a semi-permeable membrane in a two-compar ...
Document
Document

Conserved quantities - Stanford Department of Mathematics
Conserved quantities - Stanford Department of Mathematics

ppt
ppt

Question, hints, and answers. Look at hints if you need help. Look at
Question, hints, and answers. Look at hints if you need help. Look at

... between N and H. But the N "wants" the electrons more than the H does, so it pulls them closer to itself. You end up with a little more than half the negative charge from the bond on the N, and a little less than half on the H. That means N has a partial negative charge and H has a partial positive ...
binary molecular compounds
binary molecular compounds

... Ionic Compound have names based on prefixes as well as names based on the Stock System Example PbO2 can be written as: Lead dioxide prefix system Lead (IV) oxide Stock System because oxygen has a charge of -2 and there are to oxygen so it become (-2)(2)=-4 and lead must make the chemical formular ba ...
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X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy



X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a surface-sensitive quantitative spectroscopic technique that measures the elemental composition at the parts per thousand range, empirical formula, chemical state and electronic state of the elements that exist within a material. XPS spectra are obtained by irradiating a material with a beam of X-rays while simultaneously measuring the kinetic energy and number of electrons that escape from the top 0 to 10 nm of the material being analyzed. XPS requires high vacuum (P ~ 10−8 millibar) or ultra-high vacuum (UHV; P < 10−9 millibar) conditions, although a current area of development is ambient-pressure XPS, in which samples are analyzed at pressures of a few tens of millibar.XPS is a surface chemical analysis technique that can be used to analyze the surface chemistry of a material in its as-received state, or after some treatment, for example: fracturing, cutting or scraping in air or UHV to expose the bulk chemistry, ion beam etching to clean off some or all of the surface contamination (with mild ion etching) or to intentionally expose deeper layers of the sample (with more extensive ion etching) in depth-profiling XPS, exposure to heat to study the changes due to heating, exposure to reactive gases or solutions, exposure to ion beam implant, exposure to ultraviolet light.XPS is also known as ESCA (Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis), an abbreviation introduced by Kai Siegbahn's research group to emphasize the chemical (rather than merely elemental) information that the technique provides.In principle XPS detects all elements. In practice, using typical laboratory-scale X-ray sources, XPS detects all elements with an atomic number (Z) of 3 (lithium) and above. It cannot easily detect hydrogen (Z = 1) or helium (Z = 2).Detection limits for most of the elements (on a modern instrument) are in the parts per thousand range. Detection limits of parts per million (ppm) are possible, but require special conditions: concentration at top surface or very long collection time (overnight).XPS is routinely used to analyze inorganic compounds, metal alloys, semiconductors, polymers, elements, catalysts, glasses, ceramics, paints, papers, inks, woods, plant parts, make-up, teeth, bones, medical implants, bio-materials, viscous oils, glues, ion-modified materials and many others.XPS is less routinely used to analyze the hydrated forms of some of the above materials by freezing the samples in their hydrated state in an ultra pure environment, and allowing or causing multilayers of ice to sublime away prior to analysis. Such hydrated XPS analysis allows hydrated sample structures, which may be different from vacuum-dehydrated sample structures, to be studied in their more relevant as-used hydrated structure. Many bio-materials such as hydrogels are examples of such samples.
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