Unit 3C Standards for Quiz
... forces between electrons and protons, and between atoms and molecules. a. atoms combine to form molecules by sharing electrons to form covalent or metallic bonds, or by exchanging electrons to form ionic bonds. c. salt crystals such as NaCl are repeating patterns of positive and negative ions held t ...
... forces between electrons and protons, and between atoms and molecules. a. atoms combine to form molecules by sharing electrons to form covalent or metallic bonds, or by exchanging electrons to form ionic bonds. c. salt crystals such as NaCl are repeating patterns of positive and negative ions held t ...
CHEM 30 REDOX
... During this reaction, the reddish-orange dichromate ion changes color to the green chromium ion when it reacts with the alcohol; the degree of the color change is directly related to the level of alcohol in the expelled air. To determine the amount of alcohol in that air, the reacted mixture is comp ...
... During this reaction, the reddish-orange dichromate ion changes color to the green chromium ion when it reacts with the alcohol; the degree of the color change is directly related to the level of alcohol in the expelled air. To determine the amount of alcohol in that air, the reacted mixture is comp ...
What You Need to Know to Pass the Chemistry
... A mixture may be homogeneous (uniform – a solution), or heterogeneous (uneven). Substances in a mixture retain their original properties. Substances in a mixture may be separated by their size, polarity, density, boiling and freezing points, and solubility (among others). Filtration and dist ...
... A mixture may be homogeneous (uniform – a solution), or heterogeneous (uneven). Substances in a mixture retain their original properties. Substances in a mixture may be separated by their size, polarity, density, boiling and freezing points, and solubility (among others). Filtration and dist ...
matter crct/final exam review
... 41. Why do atoms share valence electrons or transfer valence electrons? 42. What is the difference between a compound and an element? ...
... 41. Why do atoms share valence electrons or transfer valence electrons? 42. What is the difference between a compound and an element? ...
New Title
... 6. What do you read the arrow in a chemical equation as meaning? 7. Label each formula in the chemical equation below as either a reactant or a product. Fe + S ...
... 6. What do you read the arrow in a chemical equation as meaning? 7. Label each formula in the chemical equation below as either a reactant or a product. Fe + S ...
PowerPoint - Balancing Equations
... – Chemical reactions occur when bonds between the outermost parts of atoms are formed or broken – Chemical reactions involve changes in matter, the making of new materials with new properties, and energy changes. – Symbols represent elements, formulas describe compounds, chemical equations describe ...
... – Chemical reactions occur when bonds between the outermost parts of atoms are formed or broken – Chemical reactions involve changes in matter, the making of new materials with new properties, and energy changes. – Symbols represent elements, formulas describe compounds, chemical equations describe ...
Chemistry Major Understandings
... velocity, and frequency and force of collisions among gas molecules. 3.4d Collision theory states that a reaction is most likely to occur if reactant particles collide with the proper energy and orientation. 3.4e Equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain an equal number of ...
... velocity, and frequency and force of collisions among gas molecules. 3.4d Collision theory states that a reaction is most likely to occur if reactant particles collide with the proper energy and orientation. 3.4e Equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain an equal number of ...
Thermodynamics (Part 2)
... determined by the direction of heat flow -exothermic: increase in the entropy of the surroundings -endothermic: decrease in entropy of surroundings, possible increase in entropy of the system ...
... determined by the direction of heat flow -exothermic: increase in the entropy of the surroundings -endothermic: decrease in entropy of surroundings, possible increase in entropy of the system ...
document
... 7.3- Chemical Equations Short-hand way of describing a reaction. Provides information about the reaction. Formulas of reactants and products. States of reactants and products. Relative numbers of reactant and product molecules that are required. Can be used to determine masses of reacta ...
... 7.3- Chemical Equations Short-hand way of describing a reaction. Provides information about the reaction. Formulas of reactants and products. States of reactants and products. Relative numbers of reactant and product molecules that are required. Can be used to determine masses of reacta ...
Chemical reaction
A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. Classically, chemical reactions encompass changes that only involve the positions of electrons in the forming and breaking of chemical bonds between atoms, with no change to the nuclei (no change to the elements present), and can often be described by a chemical equation. Nuclear chemistry is a sub-discipline of chemistry that involves the chemical reactions of unstable and radioactive elements where both electronic and nuclear changes may occur.The substance (or substances) initially involved in a chemical reaction are called reactants or reagents. Chemical reactions are usually characterized by a chemical change, and they yield one or more products, which usually have properties different from the reactants. Reactions often consist of a sequence of individual sub-steps, the so-called elementary reactions, and the information on the precise course of action is part of the reaction mechanism. Chemical reactions are described with chemical equations, which symbolically present the starting materials, end products, and sometimes intermediate products and reaction conditions.Chemical reactions happen at a characteristic reaction rate at a given temperature and chemical concentration. Typically, reaction rates increase with increasing temperature because there is more thermal energy available to reach the activation energy necessary for breaking bonds between atoms.Reactions may proceed in the forward or reverse direction until they go to completion or reach equilibrium. Reactions that proceed in the forward direction to approach equilibrium are often described as spontaneous, requiring no input of free energy to go forward. Non-spontaneous reactions require input of free energy to go forward (examples include charging a battery by applying an external electrical power source, or photosynthesis driven by absorption of electromagnetic radiation in the form of sunlight).Different chemical reactions are used in combinations during chemical synthesis in order to obtain a desired product. In biochemistry, a consecutive series of chemical reactions (where the product of one reaction is the reactant of the next reaction) form metabolic pathways. These reactions are often catalyzed by protein enzymes. Enzymes increase the rates of biochemical reactions, so that metabolic syntheses and decompositions impossible under ordinary conditions can occur at the temperatures and concentrations present within a cell.The general concept of a chemical reaction has been extended to reactions between entities smaller than atoms, including nuclear reactions, radioactive decays, and reactions between elementary particles as described by quantum field theory.