H 2 O
... • Cells constantly rearrange molecules by breaking existing chemical bonds and forming new ones • Such changes in the chemical composition of matter are called chemical reactions • Chemical reactions enable atoms to give up or acquire electrons in order to complete their outer shells – These interac ...
... • Cells constantly rearrange molecules by breaking existing chemical bonds and forming new ones • Such changes in the chemical composition of matter are called chemical reactions • Chemical reactions enable atoms to give up or acquire electrons in order to complete their outer shells – These interac ...
File
... valence shell) usually determine how an atom will react Atoms are stable when their outer energy level is full Atoms can gain or lose electrons to ...
... valence shell) usually determine how an atom will react Atoms are stable when their outer energy level is full Atoms can gain or lose electrons to ...
2. Essential Chemistry
... o Ratio of solute to solvent expressed as a percentage: weight (g)/volume (ml) o Unit seen on IV bags and medicinal solutions 5% dextrose = 5g dextrose / 100 ml of solution 0.9% saline = 0.9g NaCl / 100 ml of solution o Example: o Betadine antiseptic solution contains 10g of povidine-iodine in 1 ...
... o Ratio of solute to solvent expressed as a percentage: weight (g)/volume (ml) o Unit seen on IV bags and medicinal solutions 5% dextrose = 5g dextrose / 100 ml of solution 0.9% saline = 0.9g NaCl / 100 ml of solution o Example: o Betadine antiseptic solution contains 10g of povidine-iodine in 1 ...
Chapter 3
... Stoichiometric relations or ratios may be used to convert between quantities of reactants and products in a reaction. It is important to realize that the stoichiometric ratios are the ideal proportions in which reactants are needed to form products. The number of grams of reactant cannot be directly ...
... Stoichiometric relations or ratios may be used to convert between quantities of reactants and products in a reaction. It is important to realize that the stoichiometric ratios are the ideal proportions in which reactants are needed to form products. The number of grams of reactant cannot be directly ...
quant6stoichiom
... ex. How many moles of ammonia are produces by 2.8 mol of hydrogen gas? set up as ratio 2 mol NH3: 3 mol H2 = n mole NH3: 2.8 mol H2 ...
... ex. How many moles of ammonia are produces by 2.8 mol of hydrogen gas? set up as ratio 2 mol NH3: 3 mol H2 = n mole NH3: 2.8 mol H2 ...
Terminology 1
... The weight of one molecule of the substance relative to the weight of carbon atom taken as 12 The molecular weight is the sum of the atomic weights of the elements present in one molecule of the substance When molecular weight is expressed in grams, it is termed as gram molecule Eg. 32g of O2 = ...
... The weight of one molecule of the substance relative to the weight of carbon atom taken as 12 The molecular weight is the sum of the atomic weights of the elements present in one molecule of the substance When molecular weight is expressed in grams, it is termed as gram molecule Eg. 32g of O2 = ...
kinetics and equilibrium
... reaction speeds up) 5. Eventually the products are going to reactants at the same rate as the reactants are going to products; the rxn. has reached ...
... reaction speeds up) 5. Eventually the products are going to reactants at the same rate as the reactants are going to products; the rxn. has reached ...
Lecture 6 – Thermochemistry
... Two equal mass samples of water produced by: T 1. Heating one from 20°C to 50°C. 2. Cooling the other from 100°C to 50°C. have identical final H (and V, P, E…). ...
... Two equal mass samples of water produced by: T 1. Heating one from 20°C to 50°C. 2. Cooling the other from 100°C to 50°C. have identical final H (and V, P, E…). ...
Final Exam Review Day 1
... the element that has 2 electrons in the p sublevel in its second main energy level 4s24p5 Be able to locate s, p, d, and f blocks on the periodic table The ___________ ____________ _____________ is the same as the period number. There are ________ main energy levels. The ____________ ___________ ___ ...
... the element that has 2 electrons in the p sublevel in its second main energy level 4s24p5 Be able to locate s, p, d, and f blocks on the periodic table The ___________ ____________ _____________ is the same as the period number. There are ________ main energy levels. The ____________ ___________ ___ ...
CP Chemistry Midterm Study Guide
... 19. According to the graph, at what temperature will 30 grams of KClO3 form a saturated solution in 100g of H2O? 20. What is the solution concentration of 25 g of NaCl mixed in 50 g of H2O? 21. How many grams of MgCl2 are in 500 mL of a 3.2 M solution? 22. How many atoms of sulfur do you have if you ...
... 19. According to the graph, at what temperature will 30 grams of KClO3 form a saturated solution in 100g of H2O? 20. What is the solution concentration of 25 g of NaCl mixed in 50 g of H2O? 21. How many grams of MgCl2 are in 500 mL of a 3.2 M solution? 22. How many atoms of sulfur do you have if you ...
Chapter 2 Introduction to Chemistry
... A substance is a particular kind of matter that has a uniform and definite composition. Pure substances contain only one kind of matter ...
... A substance is a particular kind of matter that has a uniform and definite composition. Pure substances contain only one kind of matter ...
Kinetics and Equilibrium Review Page 1
... Kinetics and Equilibrium Review 35. When AgNO3(aq) is mixed with NaCl(aq), a reaction occurs which tends to go to completion and not reach equilibrium because A) a gas is formed B) water is formed C) a weak acid is formed D) a precipitate is formed 36. The vapor pressure of a liquid at a given temp ...
... Kinetics and Equilibrium Review 35. When AgNO3(aq) is mixed with NaCl(aq), a reaction occurs which tends to go to completion and not reach equilibrium because A) a gas is formed B) water is formed C) a weak acid is formed D) a precipitate is formed 36. The vapor pressure of a liquid at a given temp ...
Chemical reaction
A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. Classically, chemical reactions encompass changes that only involve the positions of electrons in the forming and breaking of chemical bonds between atoms, with no change to the nuclei (no change to the elements present), and can often be described by a chemical equation. Nuclear chemistry is a sub-discipline of chemistry that involves the chemical reactions of unstable and radioactive elements where both electronic and nuclear changes may occur.The substance (or substances) initially involved in a chemical reaction are called reactants or reagents. Chemical reactions are usually characterized by a chemical change, and they yield one or more products, which usually have properties different from the reactants. Reactions often consist of a sequence of individual sub-steps, the so-called elementary reactions, and the information on the precise course of action is part of the reaction mechanism. Chemical reactions are described with chemical equations, which symbolically present the starting materials, end products, and sometimes intermediate products and reaction conditions.Chemical reactions happen at a characteristic reaction rate at a given temperature and chemical concentration. Typically, reaction rates increase with increasing temperature because there is more thermal energy available to reach the activation energy necessary for breaking bonds between atoms.Reactions may proceed in the forward or reverse direction until they go to completion or reach equilibrium. Reactions that proceed in the forward direction to approach equilibrium are often described as spontaneous, requiring no input of free energy to go forward. Non-spontaneous reactions require input of free energy to go forward (examples include charging a battery by applying an external electrical power source, or photosynthesis driven by absorption of electromagnetic radiation in the form of sunlight).Different chemical reactions are used in combinations during chemical synthesis in order to obtain a desired product. In biochemistry, a consecutive series of chemical reactions (where the product of one reaction is the reactant of the next reaction) form metabolic pathways. These reactions are often catalyzed by protein enzymes. Enzymes increase the rates of biochemical reactions, so that metabolic syntheses and decompositions impossible under ordinary conditions can occur at the temperatures and concentrations present within a cell.The general concept of a chemical reaction has been extended to reactions between entities smaller than atoms, including nuclear reactions, radioactive decays, and reactions between elementary particles as described by quantum field theory.