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Chemistry
Chemistry

... 1) The smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element is the: a) cell b) proton c) electron d) neutron e) none of the above 2) Which of the following is not a part of Dalton’s atomic theory? a) All elements are composed of atoms. b) The positive charge of the atom is loc ...
2.2 The Discovery of Atomic Structure
2.2 The Discovery of Atomic Structure

... • Gravity forces the drops downward. The applied electric field forces the drops upward. • When a drop is perfectly balanced, then the weight of the drop is equal to the electrostatic force of attraction between the drop and the positive plate. • Millikan carried out the above experiment and determi ...
X1-1 - murov.info
X1-1 - murov.info

Class IX Chemistry Chapter 4: Structure of the Atom
Class IX Chemistry Chapter 4: Structure of the Atom

... These particles constituting the cathode rays were later called electrons. Since it was observed that the nature of cathode rays was the same irrespective of the metal used for the cathode or the gas filled in the cathode ray tube. This led Thomson to conclude that all atoms must contain electrons. ...
Diodes and Transistors HOW Theq Work
Diodes and Transistors HOW Theq Work

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... c) However, for species in groups 14-17 and those transition metals with multiple oxidation state possibilities, the oxidation number will be calculated ...
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Thomson`s Model of the Atom

... Bohr’s Model of the Atom As did Rutherford's atomic model, Bohr’s atomic model had a nucleus surrounded by a large volume of space. But Bohr’s model focused on the electrons and their arrangement. In Bohr’s model, electrons move with constant speed in fixed orbits around the nucleus, like planets a ...
Unit 3: Bonding and Nomenclature Content Outline: Chemical
Unit 3: Bonding and Nomenclature Content Outline: Chemical

... A. These molecules are composed of positive and negative ions that are combined in a lattice (3D cube) like structure that looks “like” a crystal (crystalline). 1. The ions alternate (positive- negative) so as to maintain neutrality and reduce repulsive forces between like charged ions. 2. The attra ...
The parts of an atom - Norwell Public Schools
The parts of an atom - Norwell Public Schools

... •  We  can  only  change  the  ______________  to       ...
File - Riske Science
File - Riske Science

... Use of the nuclear symbol notation A Z X to deduce the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in atoms and ions. ●● Calculations involving non-integer relative atomic masses and abundance of isotopes from given data, including mass spectra. ...
Subject Area Assessment Guides
Subject Area Assessment Guides

... pattern relative to one another because the intermolecular forces are too weak to hold the atoms or molecules in a solid ...
CHAPTER 11 Introduction to Atoms
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Section 7.1
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the Language of Chemistry

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... An ion is an electrically charged particle obtained from an atom or chemically bonded group of atoms by adding or removing one or more electrons. A cation is a positively charged ion formed by losing one or more electrons. A cation is named by its element name followed by the word ion. For example, ...
SIA Chapter 12 Atoms PP
SIA Chapter 12 Atoms PP

... The term “element” is used when referring to macroscopic quantities. The term “atom” is used when discussing the submicroscopic. ...
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chapter 1 activity 4 powerpoint

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Nuts,Bolts and Isotopes- Average Atomic Mass Activity
Nuts,Bolts and Isotopes- Average Atomic Mass Activity

... (for example carbon is composed of carbon atoms). However, not all of the atoms found in that element are the same. For example, carbon contains three different types of atoms (carbon-12, 13 and 14). Each atom has the same number of protons and electrons but differing numbers of neutrons. These are ...
Assignment 20 ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF ATOMS AND IONS I
Assignment 20 ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF ATOMS AND IONS I

... eighteen elements, and the sixth period expands even more to include thirty-two elements. A vertical column on the Periodic Table is called a column or group. The Periodic Table contains a total of 18 different columns or groups, within which there are recurrences of chemical characteristics. In ea ...
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... Sometimes the ψ function will be graphed to show its phases, rather than the |ψ(r,θ,φ)|2 which shows probability density but has no phases (which have been lost in the process of taking the absolute value, since ψ(r,θ,φ) is a complex number). |ψ(r,θ,φ)|2 orbital graphs tend to have less spherical, t ...
View PDF - CiteSeerX
View PDF - CiteSeerX

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Glossary: Chemical bonds
Glossary: Chemical bonds

... f = 1 / n x V (where n is the number of metallic atoms in the compound, and V is the valency of the metal). Number of equivalents: n = m / МE (for any substance); n = V / VE (for gaseous substances), VE is the equivalent volume of the gas (the volume occupied by one equivalent of a gas under normal ...
Calculations with Chemical Formulas and Equations
Calculations with Chemical Formulas and Equations

... – C is determined from the mass of CO2 produced – H is determined from the mass of H2O produced – O is determined by difference after the C and H have been ...
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85 Q.1 A substance X melts at 1600oC. Its does

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Extended periodic table

An extended periodic table theorizes about elements beyond element 118 (beyond period 7, or row 7). Currently seven periods in the periodic table of chemical elements are known and proven, culminating with atomic number 118. If further elements with higher atomic numbers than this are discovered, they will be placed in additional periods, laid out (as with the existing periods) to illustrate periodically recurring trends in the properties of the elements concerned. Any additional periods are expected to contain a larger number of elements than the seventh period, as they are calculated to have an additional so-called g-block, containing at least 18 elements with partially filled g-orbitals in each period. An eight-period table containing this block was suggested by Glenn T. Seaborg in 1969. IUPAC defines an element to exist if its lifetime is longer than 10−14 seconds, which is the time it takes for the nucleus to form an electronic cloud.No elements in this region have been synthesized or discovered in nature. The first element of the g-block may have atomic number 121, and thus would have the systematic name unbiunium. Elements in this region are likely to be highly unstable with respect to radioactive decay, and have extremely short half lives, although element 126 is hypothesized to be within an island of stability that is resistant to fission but not to alpha decay. It is not clear how many elements beyond the expected island of stability are physically possible, if period 8 is complete, or if there is a period 9.According to the orbital approximation in quantum mechanical descriptions of atomic structure, the g-block would correspond to elements with partially filled g-orbitals, but spin-orbit coupling effects reduce the validity of the orbital approximation substantially for elements of high atomic number. While Seaborg's version of the extended period had the heavier elements following the pattern set by lighter elements, as it did not take into account relativistic effects, models that take relativistic effects into account do not. Pekka Pyykkö and B. Fricke used computer modeling to calculate the positions of elements up to Z = 184 (comprising periods 8, 9, and the beginning of 10), and found that several were displaced from the Madelung rule.
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