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Step 2
Step 2

... 1) These metals all have ___ electron in their outer shell. 2) Density increases as you go down the group, while melting point ________ 2) Reactivity increases as you go _______ the group. This is because the electrons are further away from the _______ every time a _____ is added, so they are given ...
Unit 6 Slides
Unit 6 Slides

... ■ LO 1.9 The student is able to predict and/or justify trends in atomic properties based on location on the periodic table and/or the shell model. ■ LO 1.10 Students can justify with evidence the arrangement of the periodic table and can apply periodic properties to chemical reactivity. ...
Unit 2.4 Understanding the Elements Listed on the Periodic Table
Unit 2.4 Understanding the Elements Listed on the Periodic Table

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... What is the same for all atoms on an element ? • # protons • Atomic number, Z = # protons in the nucleus of each atom of that element ...
Electron - CoolHub
Electron - CoolHub

... • An element is a substance made up of only one type of atom. • The atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of protons in its nucleus. • The number of electrons surrounding the nucleus of an atom is equal to the number of protons in its nucleus. • Different atoms of the same element can have ...
CHE 128 Autumn 2011 Specific Objectives – Exam 1 A periodic
CHE 128 Autumn 2011 Specific Objectives – Exam 1 A periodic

Descriptive Chemistry of Elements d-Block
Descriptive Chemistry of Elements d-Block

... Note that the 4s-electrons were removed before the removal of the 3d-electrons. The reason for this is that in a metal cation the energy of 3d-orbitals is lower than the energy of 4s-orbitals (c.f. when filling electrons, the energy of the 4s orbital is lower than 3d-orbitals). Thus the valence elec ...
Chapter 6 Electronic Structure of Atoms
Chapter 6 Electronic Structure of Atoms

... rather than the expected [Ar] 4s2 3d4. Electronic Structure of Atoms © 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc. ...
Chapter 4 What Are Atoms?
Chapter 4 What Are Atoms?

... • Explain why some atoms gain or lose electrons to form ions. • Determine how many protons, neutrons, and electrons an atom has, given its symbol, atomic number, and mass number. • Describe how the abundance of isotopes affects an element’s average atomic mass. Chapter menu ...
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... Lesson 2: The Structure of Atoms • The center of an atom is the nucleus. The nucleus contains protons and neutrons. Electrons occupy the space in an atom outside the nucleus. • The identity of an atom is determined by its atomic number. The atomic number is the number of protons in the atom. • The ...
CS3_Ch 6 - Leon County Schools
CS3_Ch 6 - Leon County Schools

... Lesson 2: The Structure of Atoms • The center of an atom is the nucleus. The nucleus contains protons and neutrons. Electrons occupy the space in an atom outside the nucleus. • The identity of an atom is determined by its atomic number. The atomic number is the number of protons in the atom. • The ...
Ch 6 PPT - Blountstown Middle School
Ch 6 PPT - Blountstown Middle School

... Lesson 2: The Structure of Atoms • The center of an atom is the nucleus. The nucleus contains protons and neutrons. Electrons occupy the space in an atom outside the nucleus. • The identity of an atom is determined by its atomic number. The atomic number is the number of protons in the atom. • The ...
The Cubic Atomic Model
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... Boron and Carbon add a layer to the sides of the atom. From just these first six atoms, the true mechanical nature of chemical bonding is revealed. The Helium atom is a cube and calculations show that this is the most tightly bonded configuration of pro- ...
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Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation FOURTH EDITION by Steven
Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation FOURTH EDITION by Steven

Activity 9 What Determines and Limits an Atom`s Mass?
Activity 9 What Determines and Limits an Atom`s Mass?

... 5. The nucleus is a very crowded place. The protons in the nucleus are very close to one another. If these protons are repelling each other by an electrostatic force (and they are!), there must be another force, an attractive force, that keeps them there. The attractive force is the nuclear force, a ...
REDOX EQUILIBRIA SL - chemistryatdulwich
REDOX EQUILIBRIA SL - chemistryatdulwich

... For example the atoms in Na, He, N2 and S8 have oxidation numbers of 0. 2. The oxidation number of a monatomic ion equals the charge of the ion. For example, the oxidation number of Na+ is +1; the oxidation number of S2- is -2 and of Al3+ is +3. 3. The usual oxidation number of hydrogen is +1 (when ...
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... Nuclear Stability There are many factors that determine whether a particular nucleus will radioactively decay (is unstable) or not. Based on observations, the following has been observed: 1) Nuclei with an even number of both protons and neutrons are generally more stable than those with an odd num ...
REDOX EQUILIBRIA SL - chemistryatdulwich
REDOX EQUILIBRIA SL - chemistryatdulwich

... For example the atoms in Na, He, N2 and S8 have oxidation numbers of 0. 2. The oxidation number of a monatomic ion equals the charge of the ion. For example, the oxidation number of Na+ is +1; the oxidation number of S2- is -2 and of Al3+ is +3. 3. The usual oxidation number of hydrogen is +1 (when ...
Chemistry: Matter and Change
Chemistry: Matter and Change

... • In a chemical reaction, reactants form products. • The law of conservation of mass states that mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction; it is conserved. ...
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C3 Revision Question Booklet

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ch 4 notes sept 30 oct 1.notebook

Regents Chemistry Topic Review Packet
Regents Chemistry Topic Review Packet

...  Atoms with a filled valence level are stable (noble gases).  Most elements can have up to 8 electrons in their valence level. The exceptions are H and He, which can have only 2 valence electrons.  Atoms form bonds in order to fill their valence levels.  You can use Lewis structures to show the ...
Chemistry: Matter and Change
Chemistry: Matter and Change

... • In a chemical reaction, reactants form products. • The law of conservation of mass states that mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction; it is conserved. ...
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Extended periodic table

An extended periodic table theorizes about elements beyond element 118 (beyond period 7, or row 7). Currently seven periods in the periodic table of chemical elements are known and proven, culminating with atomic number 118. If further elements with higher atomic numbers than this are discovered, they will be placed in additional periods, laid out (as with the existing periods) to illustrate periodically recurring trends in the properties of the elements concerned. Any additional periods are expected to contain a larger number of elements than the seventh period, as they are calculated to have an additional so-called g-block, containing at least 18 elements with partially filled g-orbitals in each period. An eight-period table containing this block was suggested by Glenn T. Seaborg in 1969. IUPAC defines an element to exist if its lifetime is longer than 10−14 seconds, which is the time it takes for the nucleus to form an electronic cloud.No elements in this region have been synthesized or discovered in nature. The first element of the g-block may have atomic number 121, and thus would have the systematic name unbiunium. Elements in this region are likely to be highly unstable with respect to radioactive decay, and have extremely short half lives, although element 126 is hypothesized to be within an island of stability that is resistant to fission but not to alpha decay. It is not clear how many elements beyond the expected island of stability are physically possible, if period 8 is complete, or if there is a period 9.According to the orbital approximation in quantum mechanical descriptions of atomic structure, the g-block would correspond to elements with partially filled g-orbitals, but spin-orbit coupling effects reduce the validity of the orbital approximation substantially for elements of high atomic number. While Seaborg's version of the extended period had the heavier elements following the pattern set by lighter elements, as it did not take into account relativistic effects, models that take relativistic effects into account do not. Pekka Pyykkö and B. Fricke used computer modeling to calculate the positions of elements up to Z = 184 (comprising periods 8, 9, and the beginning of 10), and found that several were displaced from the Madelung rule.
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