A* PLC Legacy GCSE Chemistry (all boards)
... • The zinc atom is acting as the reducing agent, because it has donated electrons to the copper ion, i.e., caused the copper ion to be reduced. REMEMBER OIL RIG: Oxidation is LOSS of electrons, Reduction is GAIN of electrons Assessment a: Redox reactions (10 marks) i. QWC: Aluminium metal is extract ...
... • The zinc atom is acting as the reducing agent, because it has donated electrons to the copper ion, i.e., caused the copper ion to be reduced. REMEMBER OIL RIG: Oxidation is LOSS of electrons, Reduction is GAIN of electrons Assessment a: Redox reactions (10 marks) i. QWC: Aluminium metal is extract ...
AP Chem unit 13 presentation
... Assume that the reaction for the formation of gaseous hydrogen fluoride from hydrogen and fluorine has an equilibrium constant of 1.15 x 102 at a certain temperature. In a particular experiment, 3.000 mol of each component was added to a 1.500 L flask. Calculate the equilibrium concentration of all ...
... Assume that the reaction for the formation of gaseous hydrogen fluoride from hydrogen and fluorine has an equilibrium constant of 1.15 x 102 at a certain temperature. In a particular experiment, 3.000 mol of each component was added to a 1.500 L flask. Calculate the equilibrium concentration of all ...
08 Redox Reactions
... no useful electrical work could be obtained. In these reactions, chemical energy appears as heat. If the transferance of electrons from zinc to copper ions is allowed to occur through some metallic wires, useful electrical work could be performed. Such redox reactions are called Indirect redox react ...
... no useful electrical work could be obtained. In these reactions, chemical energy appears as heat. If the transferance of electrons from zinc to copper ions is allowed to occur through some metallic wires, useful electrical work could be performed. Such redox reactions are called Indirect redox react ...
Spontaneous Change: Entropy and Gibbs Energy
... Notice that, for the situation just discussed, the state of the system can be described in two ways. At the macroscopic level, the state of the system is described by specifying the total energy, U, and the length, L, of the box. At the molecular level, the state of the system is described in terms ...
... Notice that, for the situation just discussed, the state of the system can be described in two ways. At the macroscopic level, the state of the system is described by specifying the total energy, U, and the length, L, of the box. At the molecular level, the state of the system is described in terms ...
Chemistry - A Quantitative Science
... 6.0221x1023 = NA is Avogadro's number. A mole is used to indicate a number of atoms just as a dozen is used to indicate a number of eggs. Converting from moles to atoms is done the same as converting dozens to items. 1.5 doz = (1.5 doz)(12 items.doz-1) = 18 items and 1.5 mol = (1.5 mol)( 6.0x1023 at ...
... 6.0221x1023 = NA is Avogadro's number. A mole is used to indicate a number of atoms just as a dozen is used to indicate a number of eggs. Converting from moles to atoms is done the same as converting dozens to items. 1.5 doz = (1.5 doz)(12 items.doz-1) = 18 items and 1.5 mol = (1.5 mol)( 6.0x1023 at ...
Ionic Liquids Beyond Simple Solvents: Glimpses at the State of the
... history.[31] And although only very few examples of chiral solvents for stereoselective synthesis can be found in the literature, hope was high that for ILs, things would be different due to their dominating ionic interactions. The concept of asymmetric counter-anion-directed catalysis (ACDC)[32] pr ...
... history.[31] And although only very few examples of chiral solvents for stereoselective synthesis can be found in the literature, hope was high that for ILs, things would be different due to their dominating ionic interactions. The concept of asymmetric counter-anion-directed catalysis (ACDC)[32] pr ...
Supporting Information - Royal Society of Chemistry
... competitive types. However, since the concentration of the enzyme utilized during the above experiments was comparable to those of different inhibitors, the free concentrations of inhibitors were calculated via the complete solution of the quadratic equation describing the enzyme-inhibitor interacti ...
... competitive types. However, since the concentration of the enzyme utilized during the above experiments was comparable to those of different inhibitors, the free concentrations of inhibitors were calculated via the complete solution of the quadratic equation describing the enzyme-inhibitor interacti ...
Instructor`s Resource Manual
... General Chemistry, Eighth Edition, is designed to give the instructor the greatest flexibility in creating a course for his or her students and to make the process of teaching with the text as smooth as possible. The careful, logical, and clear development of material in each chapter, with its appro ...
... General Chemistry, Eighth Edition, is designed to give the instructor the greatest flexibility in creating a course for his or her students and to make the process of teaching with the text as smooth as possible. The careful, logical, and clear development of material in each chapter, with its appro ...
PHOSPHORUS AND SULFUR COSMOCHEMISTRY
... Phosphorus is a key element for life. This work reviews the role of phosphorus in life. Theories on the origin of life are confounded by a lack of reactive phosphorus, and attempts to overcome the dearth of reactive phosphorus must employ unrealistic phosphorus compounds, energetic organic compounds ...
... Phosphorus is a key element for life. This work reviews the role of phosphorus in life. Theories on the origin of life are confounded by a lack of reactive phosphorus, and attempts to overcome the dearth of reactive phosphorus must employ unrealistic phosphorus compounds, energetic organic compounds ...
Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Norbornene by Cp
... We have recently prepared the dinuclear osmium(III) complex Cp*2Os2Br466 and have shown that it is a useful starting material for the preparation of other organoosmium complexes.66,67 We now find that this dinuclear complex is active for the ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of certain c ...
... We have recently prepared the dinuclear osmium(III) complex Cp*2Os2Br466 and have shown that it is a useful starting material for the preparation of other organoosmium complexes.66,67 We now find that this dinuclear complex is active for the ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of certain c ...
Date: 16 / 01 / 2014 - Qatar University QSpace
... parameters affecting the performance of the catalyst. Different types of catalysts are being used for NO x removal; here we focus on Cu-zeolite-based catalyst. Catalyst’s preparation is a crucial R ...
... parameters affecting the performance of the catalyst. Different types of catalysts are being used for NO x removal; here we focus on Cu-zeolite-based catalyst. Catalyst’s preparation is a crucial R ...
ANNEX (Manuscrits posteriors a la Comissió de Doctorat de Juliol del...
... anion, [3,3’-Co(1,2-C2B9H11)2]-, [1]-, has been prevalent within the boron cluster literature, and it continues to be a subject of intense study.2 Halogen substituted derivatives such as [8,8’,9,9’,12,12’-X6-3,3’-Co(1,2-C2B9H8)2]-, (X= Cl, Br, I), [8,8’X2-3,3’-Co(1,2-C2B9H10)2]-, (X= Cl, Br, I), hav ...
... anion, [3,3’-Co(1,2-C2B9H11)2]-, [1]-, has been prevalent within the boron cluster literature, and it continues to be a subject of intense study.2 Halogen substituted derivatives such as [8,8’,9,9’,12,12’-X6-3,3’-Co(1,2-C2B9H8)2]-, (X= Cl, Br, I), [8,8’X2-3,3’-Co(1,2-C2B9H10)2]-, (X= Cl, Br, I), hav ...
sch103manual - university of nairobi staff profiles
... state as ice, liquid state as water and in the gaseous state as steam. The physical properties of a substance often depend on the state of the substance. In this section, we will review the states of matter and then look at the behavior of gases. Gases are much simpler than liquids or solids. Molecu ...
... state as ice, liquid state as water and in the gaseous state as steam. The physical properties of a substance often depend on the state of the substance. In this section, we will review the states of matter and then look at the behavior of gases. Gases are much simpler than liquids or solids. Molecu ...
PART 3-ICHO 11-15
... An aqueous ammonia solution was added in excess to the solution obtained after separation of the precipitate. A compound of metal B remained in the solution while all the other metals precipitated in the form of sparingly soluble compounds. The solution was first quantitatively separated from the pr ...
... An aqueous ammonia solution was added in excess to the solution obtained after separation of the precipitate. A compound of metal B remained in the solution while all the other metals precipitated in the form of sparingly soluble compounds. The solution was first quantitatively separated from the pr ...
Introduction to Chemistry
... 4. I can explain the similarities between elements within a group or family. 5. I can identify patterns found on the periodic table such as reactivity, atomic radius, ionization energy and electronegativity. Unit 4: Describing Compounds Nature of Science Goal—Vocabulary in science has specific meani ...
... 4. I can explain the similarities between elements within a group or family. 5. I can identify patterns found on the periodic table such as reactivity, atomic radius, ionization energy and electronegativity. Unit 4: Describing Compounds Nature of Science Goal—Vocabulary in science has specific meani ...
Organic and Bio-Molecular Chemistry
... generated intercalating Si and O atoms as shown in Figure 1 for silicates. This kind of structure is so stable, let us say “static”, to be inadequate for living organisms which require more “dynamic” compounds. Living organisms generate fructose, an organic compound with a six carbon atom chain, fro ...
... generated intercalating Si and O atoms as shown in Figure 1 for silicates. This kind of structure is so stable, let us say “static”, to be inadequate for living organisms which require more “dynamic” compounds. Living organisms generate fructose, an organic compound with a six carbon atom chain, fro ...
LaBrake, Fundamentals Diagnostic Questions
... a) The positive charge is densely found in the center of the atom, while the negatively charged electrons exist in a diffuse cloud outside the nucleus. b) Most of the space of an atom is empty space. c) The nuclear model in which the positive charge is held densely in the center of the atom is no lo ...
... a) The positive charge is densely found in the center of the atom, while the negatively charged electrons exist in a diffuse cloud outside the nucleus. b) Most of the space of an atom is empty space. c) The nuclear model in which the positive charge is held densely in the center of the atom is no lo ...
Unit 6 Chemical Energy
... for example, run our cars and trucks. Solar energy, directly or indirectly, is the source of most energy available to us on Earth. Everything humans do requires energy. It is a major factor in social change on our planet. Technologies, which inevitably consume energy, are developed for a social purp ...
... for example, run our cars and trucks. Solar energy, directly or indirectly, is the source of most energy available to us on Earth. Everything humans do requires energy. It is a major factor in social change on our planet. Technologies, which inevitably consume energy, are developed for a social purp ...
Syllabus Cambridge International A & AS Level Chemistry Syllabus code 9701
... CIE provides a world-class support service for teachers and exams officers. We offer a wide range of teacher materials to Centres, plus teacher training (online and face-to-face) and student support materials. Exams officers can trust in reliable, efficient administration of exams entry and excellen ...
... CIE provides a world-class support service for teachers and exams officers. We offer a wide range of teacher materials to Centres, plus teacher training (online and face-to-face) and student support materials. Exams officers can trust in reliable, efficient administration of exams entry and excellen ...
Lewis acid catalysis
In Lewis acid catalysis of organic reactions, a metal-based Lewis acid acts as an electron pair acceptor to increase the reactivity of a substrate. Common Lewis acid catalysts are based on main group metals such as aluminum, boron, silicon, and tin, as well as many early (titanium, zirconium) and late (iron, copper, zinc) d-block metals. The metal atom forms an adduct with a lone-pair bearing electronegative atom in the substrate, such as oxygen (both sp2 or sp3), nitrogen, sulfur, and halogens. The complexation has partial charge-transfer character and makes the lone-pair donor effectively more electronegative, activating the substrate toward nucleophilic attack, heterolytic bond cleavage, or cycloaddition with 1,3-dienes and 1,3-dipoles.Many classical reactions involving carbon–carbon or carbon–heteroatom bond formation can be catalyzed by Lewis acids. Examples include the Friedel-Crafts reaction, the aldol reaction, and various pericyclic processes that proceed slowly at room temperature, such as the Diels-Alder reaction and the ene reaction. In addition to accelerating the reactions, Lewis acid catalysts are able to impose regioselectivity and stereoselectivity in many cases.Early developments in Lewis acid reagents focused on easily available compounds such as TiCl4, BF3, SnCl4, and AlCl3. The relative strengths of these (and other) Lewis acids may be estimated from NMR spectroscopy by the Childs method or the Gutmann-Beckett method. Over the years, versatile catalysts bearing ligands designed for specific applications have facilitated improvement in both reactivity and selectivity of Lewis acid-catalyzed reactions. More recently, Lewis acid catalysts with chiral ligands have become an important class of tools for asymmetric catalysis.Challenges in the development of Lewis acid catalysis include inefficient catalyst turnover (caused by catalyst affinity for the product) and the frequent requirement of two-point binding for stereoselectivity, which often necessitates the use of auxiliary groups.