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Chapter 5: Self Test
Chapter 5: Self Test

... b. The cells will utilize oxygen more rapidly. c. The rate of the Krebs cycle reactions will increase. d. Electron transport will increase. e. The rate of fermentation will increase. 7. When oxygen is present, a. most cells utilize aerobic cellular respiration. b. most animal cells will carry on fer ...
Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration

... energy (heat and ATP) Controlled release of energy from organic molecules (most often glucose) Glucose is oxidized (loses e-) & oxygen is reduced (gains e-) The carbon atoms of glucose (C6H12O6) are released as CO2 ...
see previous week 3 link
see previous week 3 link

... maintain their internal organization. • Complex molecules like glucose tend to break apart into their building blocks, in this case carbon dioxide and water. • This is because glucose is more organized, and thus less stable, than its breakdown products. • The result is a loss of potential energy and ...
photosynthesis and respiration
photosynthesis and respiration

... 2. The 2H of the NADPH will bond to the carbon and oxygen of CO2 This leaves 2NADPs. These are recycled back to the light reaction. 3. The compound formed is a 3 carbon organic compound. It is a starter compound to be used later to make DNA, proteins, starches, sugars, fats ** 4. This reaction needs ...
Unit 2 Practice Exam exam_2p_08_matter
Unit 2 Practice Exam exam_2p_08_matter

... slightly or at large angles. b. Each time an alpha particle hit this zinc sulfide coating, a flash of light was produced at the point of contact. c. Positively charged alpha particles were deflected rather than attracted by the gold nuclei. d. Nearly all the alpha particles passed straight through a ...
Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration

... converted into chemical energy in the form of carbohydrates It occurs in the Plasma membranes of some bacteria Cells of algae Leaves of plants ...
Lecture Slides
Lecture Slides

... • Hydrogen is transferred along with electrons and added to carbon dioxide to produce sugar. ...
Slide 1 - MisterSyracuse.com
Slide 1 - MisterSyracuse.com

... over the past few weeks, and to allow you to gauge this as well. Remember to think about your notes, and all the examples and demonstrations that we’ve done in class. Read each question carefully and completely before making your response, and make sure that whatever you write answers every part of ...
7 CellRespiration
7 CellRespiration

... 10. Which electron carrier holds electrons in very high energy states, NADH or FADH2? How does this difference effect how these carriers release their "loads" to the electron transport chain? How many protons are pumped by NADH electrons? FADH2 electrons? How many ATP are made per NADH? How many per ...
Reactions of Photosynthesis (continued)
Reactions of Photosynthesis (continued)

... • Process in which one molecule of glucose is broken in half to produce two molecules of pyruvic acid (a 3carbon compound) • Doesn’t require oxygen!! ...
CO 2 fixation in CAM plants
CO 2 fixation in CAM plants

... happens in the plastids and through the light reactions. There are two types of photophosphorylation: 1/ Non-cyclic photophosphorylation: The ATP is produced when the electron transfers from cytochrome b to cytochrome f . The process requires the contribution of both photosystem in order to ensure t ...
PPT
PPT

... oxidized and reduced as electrons are passed down the chain • Energy released can be used to produce ATP by chemiosmosis ...
exam bullet points
exam bullet points

... Active transport requires energy/uses ATP; ...
Bio Energy - St. Pius X High School
Bio Energy - St. Pius X High School

... --e- release energy as they move from molecule to molecule --H+ is pumped across the membrane into the inter-membrane space using the energy lost by the electrons in the ETC --this builds up a concentration gradient (makes the concentration of H+ higher in the ...
Respiration
Respiration

... matrix, and the establishment of a concentration gradient. • The H+ diffuse passively back into the matrix through specific channel proteins in the cristae. These channel proteins are coupled with an enzyme complex called ATP synthase. ...
Exam I Review - Iowa State University
Exam I Review - Iowa State University

... b. processes proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum. c. produces vesicles, some of which may fuse with the cell membrane. d. produces lysosomes. *e. All the above are correct. 140. In exergonic reactions, like the oxidation of glucose, a. the end products have more total energy than the starting re ...
PP - Chemistry Courses: About
PP - Chemistry Courses: About

... • If we start with 1M reactants and products, the free energy change of that reaction is called the “standard” free energy • DGo’ is a reflection of the chemical potential (stability of bonds) – Negative DGo’ means equilibrium ...
Production and detoxification mechanisms of methylglyoxal in
Production and detoxification mechanisms of methylglyoxal in

... diamine-derived MG was analyzed by HPLC-system. In the Calvin cycle of chloroplasts, 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA) is metabolized to GAP catalyzed by PGA kinase and GAP dehydrogenase sequentially, and GAP was equilibrated with DHAP. The addition of 3-PGA to the illuminated chloroplasts induced photosyn ...
Photosynthesis: Sugar as Food
Photosynthesis: Sugar as Food

... 2. an atom of oxygen (O). This atom combines with another oxygen atom to produce a molecule of oxygen gas (O2 ), which is released as a waste product. 3. two hydrogen ions (2H+ ). The hydrogen ions, which are positively charged, are released inside the membrane in the thylakoid interior space. • Ste ...
Chemiosmotic theory of oxidative phosphorylation. Inhibitors
Chemiosmotic theory of oxidative phosphorylation. Inhibitors

... transfer potential of NADH or FADH2 is converted into the phosphoryl transfer potential of ATP. Phosphoryl transfer potential is G°' (energy released during the hydrolysis of activated phosphate compound). G°' for ATP = -7.3 kcal mol-1 Electron transfer potential is expressed as E'o, the (also cal ...
Cellular Respiration notes
Cellular Respiration notes

... called cellular respiration • When ATP is made, it then can be released and used by the cells in functions such as making proteins, active transport, and maintaining homeostasis • Glucose must be converted slowly in order to get the maximum amount of ATP from it. It does this in stages ...
Energy
Energy

... INSIDE A CHLOROPLAST  Photosynthesis ...
Lecture 10: Photosynthesis
Lecture 10: Photosynthesis

... pigment system II. Wavelength of light shorter than 680 nm affect both the pigments systems while wavelength longer than 680 nm affect only pigment system I. In green plants, pigment system I contains chlorophyll a, b and carotene. In this pigment system, a very small amount of chlorophyll a absorbi ...
Biology Chp 7 Notes
Biology Chp 7 Notes

... a. Krebs Cycle: the oxidation of glucose is completed 1. NAD+ is reduced to NADH b. Electron Transport Chain (Chemiosmosis): NADH is used to make ATP 4. Prokaryotes carry out the reactions in the Cytosol 5. Eukaryotes carry them out in the “Mitochondria” a. The Pyruvic Acid diffuses into the mitocho ...
Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration

... • Oxygen is required – Aerobic Respiration • A series of chemical rxns… a cycle – Pyruvic Acid is further broken down: • into Acetyl CoA • CO2 is produced and • released into the air from animal cells • Or in plants move to the chloroplasts to be used for photosynthesis ...
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Light-dependent reactions

In photosynthesis, the light-dependent reactions take place on the thylakoid membranes. The inside of the thylakoid membrane is called the lumen, and outside the thylakoid membrane is the stroma, where the light-independent reactions take place. The thylakoid membrane contains some integral membrane protein complexes that catalyze the light reactions. There are four major protein complexes in the thylakoid membrane: Photosystem II (PSII), Cytochrome b6f complex, Photosystem I (PSI), and ATP synthase. These four complexes work together to ultimately create the products ATP and NADPH.[.The two photosystems absorb light energy through pigments - primarily the chlorophylls, which are responsible for the green color of leaves. The light-dependent reactions begin in photosystem II. When a chlorophyll a molecule within the reaction center of PSII absorbs a photon, an electron in this molecule attains a higher energy level. Because this state of an electron is very unstable, the electron is transferred from one to another molecule creating a chain of redox reactions, called an electron transport chain (ETC). The electron flow goes from PSII to cytochrome b6f to PSI. In PSI, the electron gets the energy from another photon. The final electron acceptor is NADP. In oxygenic photosynthesis, the first electron donor is water, creating oxygen as a waste product. In anoxygenic photosynthesis various electron donors are used.Cytochrome b6f and ATP synthase work together to create ATP. This process is called photophosphorylation, which occurs in two different ways. In non-cyclic photophosphorylation, cytochrome b6f uses the energy of electrons from PSII to pump protons from the stroma to the lumen. The proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane creates a proton-motive force, used by ATP synthase to form ATP. In cyclic photophosphorylation, cytochrome b6f uses the energy of electrons from not only PSII but also PSI to create more ATP and to stop the production of NADPH. Cyclic phosphorylation is important to create ATP and maintain NADPH in the right proportion for the light-independent reactions.The net-reaction of all light-dependent reactions in oxygenic photosynthesis is:2H2O + 2NADP+ + 3ADP + 3Pi → O2 + 2NADPH + 3ATPThe two photosystems are protein complexes that absorb photons and are able to use this energy to create an electron transport chain. Photosystem I and II are very similar in structure and function. They use special proteins, called light-harvesting complexes, to absorb the photons with very high effectiveness. If a special pigment molecule in a photosynthetic reaction center absorbs a photon, an electron in this pigment attains the excited state and then is transferred to another molecule in the reaction center. This reaction, called photoinduced charge separation, is the start of the electron flow and is unique because it transforms light energy into chemical forms.
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