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Physical Science EOC Review Name
Physical Science EOC Review Name

... ii. What 2 energy storing molecules are produced? iii. (T/F) Solar energy splits water molecules and oxygen is released into the atmosphere as a waste product. c. Stage 2 doesn’t require solar energy and is called the (Light-Dependent or Light Independent) Reactions; Also called the Dark Reactions. ...
CHAPTER 5 Energy and Life.
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Bio_130_files/Chemistry Review

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... -autotroph- organism that makes its own food; plant -heterotroph- organism that obtains food by eating other organisms; animal -consumer- gains energy from eating another organism -producer- an organism that makes its own food and produces organic molecules that serve as food for other organisms in ...
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... Light-dependent reactions: Light is absorbed by photosystem 2. Photons excite electrons in the reaction center which then are charged and kicked up to the electron transport chain. These energized electrons move through the ETC, as they do H+ pumps into the thylakoid membrane AGAINST the gradient ( ...
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... – chlorophyll b and carotenoids absorb excessive light that would damage chlorophyll – broaden the spectrum used for photosynthesis ...
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... • 2nd law- Some usable energy is lost during transformations.
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... Chlorophylls absorb red and blue-violet light and thus reflect green light, so giving plants their characteristic green colour. Chlorophylls are involved in the light reactions of photosynthesis and are located in the chloroplast in thylakoids membranes. The chlorophyll molecule consists of two part ...
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...  Light energy (excites electrons in photosystem II and also)  causes a water molecule to split, releasing an electron into the electron transport system (source of energy for the reactions to occur  H+ (a proton), which helps in the production of ATP O2 as a waste product (which we kinda ...
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... Understand the purpose of pigments in plant cells, and that there is more than just chlorophyll a and b. Understand what wavelengths of light plants absorb, and why plants are green. Understand how the light reactions work, including how photosystem II splits water to form hydrogen ions and electron ...
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Sample AP Biology Exam: Photosynthesis Questions Multiple Choice

... 4. Which of the following is an important difference between lightdependent and light-independent reactions of photosynthesis? (1994:34) (A) The light-dependent reactions occur only during the day; the lightindependent reactions occur only during the night. (B) The light-dependent reactions occur in ...
Slides - gserianne.com
Slides - gserianne.com

... REDUCTION ...
< 1 ... 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 ... 286 >

Light-dependent reactions

In photosynthesis, the light-dependent reactions take place on the thylakoid membranes. The inside of the thylakoid membrane is called the lumen, and outside the thylakoid membrane is the stroma, where the light-independent reactions take place. The thylakoid membrane contains some integral membrane protein complexes that catalyze the light reactions. There are four major protein complexes in the thylakoid membrane: Photosystem II (PSII), Cytochrome b6f complex, Photosystem I (PSI), and ATP synthase. These four complexes work together to ultimately create the products ATP and NADPH.[.The two photosystems absorb light energy through pigments - primarily the chlorophylls, which are responsible for the green color of leaves. The light-dependent reactions begin in photosystem II. When a chlorophyll a molecule within the reaction center of PSII absorbs a photon, an electron in this molecule attains a higher energy level. Because this state of an electron is very unstable, the electron is transferred from one to another molecule creating a chain of redox reactions, called an electron transport chain (ETC). The electron flow goes from PSII to cytochrome b6f to PSI. In PSI, the electron gets the energy from another photon. The final electron acceptor is NADP. In oxygenic photosynthesis, the first electron donor is water, creating oxygen as a waste product. In anoxygenic photosynthesis various electron donors are used.Cytochrome b6f and ATP synthase work together to create ATP. This process is called photophosphorylation, which occurs in two different ways. In non-cyclic photophosphorylation, cytochrome b6f uses the energy of electrons from PSII to pump protons from the stroma to the lumen. The proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane creates a proton-motive force, used by ATP synthase to form ATP. In cyclic photophosphorylation, cytochrome b6f uses the energy of electrons from not only PSII but also PSI to create more ATP and to stop the production of NADPH. Cyclic phosphorylation is important to create ATP and maintain NADPH in the right proportion for the light-independent reactions.The net-reaction of all light-dependent reactions in oxygenic photosynthesis is:2H2O + 2NADP+ + 3ADP + 3Pi → O2 + 2NADPH + 3ATPThe two photosystems are protein complexes that absorb photons and are able to use this energy to create an electron transport chain. Photosystem I and II are very similar in structure and function. They use special proteins, called light-harvesting complexes, to absorb the photons with very high effectiveness. If a special pigment molecule in a photosynthetic reaction center absorbs a photon, an electron in this pigment attains the excited state and then is transferred to another molecule in the reaction center. This reaction, called photoinduced charge separation, is the start of the electron flow and is unique because it transforms light energy into chemical forms.
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