Biotechnology
... Organs- collections of tissues with specific functions Organ systems- collections of organs with specific functions ...
... Organs- collections of tissues with specific functions Organ systems- collections of organs with specific functions ...
Molecular Biology BCH 361
... It was widely thought that DNA was organized into repeating "tetranucleotides" in a way that could not carry genetic information. Proteins, on the other hand, had 20 different amino acids and could have lots of variation. Most geneticists focused on “transmission genetics” and passively accept ...
... It was widely thought that DNA was organized into repeating "tetranucleotides" in a way that could not carry genetic information. Proteins, on the other hand, had 20 different amino acids and could have lots of variation. Most geneticists focused on “transmission genetics” and passively accept ...
AP Biology-2nd Trimester Review Guide
... Franklin, Griffith, Hershey & Chase, Pauling, Watson & Crick Viruses – Chapter 19 21. General virus structure & characteristics 22. basic description of lytic & lysogenic cycles (including when symptoms are present) Biotechnology – Chapter 20 23. Understand the general processes and uses of each of ...
... Franklin, Griffith, Hershey & Chase, Pauling, Watson & Crick Viruses – Chapter 19 21. General virus structure & characteristics 22. basic description of lytic & lysogenic cycles (including when symptoms are present) Biotechnology – Chapter 20 23. Understand the general processes and uses of each of ...
What is the hierarchy of Life? In order of increasing complexity
... Semiconservative DNA replication is a model that describes how double stranded DNA is copied prior to cell division. This model describes how the double strands separate as hydrogen bonds between strands are broken and each exposed strand acts as a template for the synthesis of a new strand. Enzymes ...
... Semiconservative DNA replication is a model that describes how double stranded DNA is copied prior to cell division. This model describes how the double strands separate as hydrogen bonds between strands are broken and each exposed strand acts as a template for the synthesis of a new strand. Enzymes ...
EA TURE EA TURE
... would look like or how an organism would function is written in these novel molecules made of four nucleotides. They are indeed the blueprint of life and get copied (replicated) several times within the life span of an organism. Any change in the nitrogen bases adversely affects the gene expression. ...
... would look like or how an organism would function is written in these novel molecules made of four nucleotides. They are indeed the blueprint of life and get copied (replicated) several times within the life span of an organism. Any change in the nitrogen bases adversely affects the gene expression. ...
Point Mutations
... tRNA’s anticodons are complementary to mRNA’s codons when they meet in the ribosome, why is it important that they are the exact complement? ...
... tRNA’s anticodons are complementary to mRNA’s codons when they meet in the ribosome, why is it important that they are the exact complement? ...
Biotechnology: Bacterial Transformation
... double-stranded DNA that has an origin of replication. ...
... double-stranded DNA that has an origin of replication. ...
The Genetics Revolution in the Life Sciences
... continues to enrich our understanding of life’s unity and diversity. For example, phylogenies constructed on genetic studies of species show evolutionary relationships, enabling scientists to construct the tree of life. Besides such studies based on genetics, studies in population, quantitative and ...
... continues to enrich our understanding of life’s unity and diversity. For example, phylogenies constructed on genetic studies of species show evolutionary relationships, enabling scientists to construct the tree of life. Besides such studies based on genetics, studies in population, quantitative and ...
Protein Synthesis: Transcription & Translation
... • The sequence of bases in DNA tell mRNA what order amino acids must join together to make a particular protein. ...
... • The sequence of bases in DNA tell mRNA what order amino acids must join together to make a particular protein. ...
DNA STRUCTURE - Teachers Network
... How does this shape allow the DNA to be copied easily? 2. The 4 bases that make up DNA are: _________________________, _________________________, _________________________, _________________________. The base-pairing rules are: A pairs with ____. T pairs with ____. ...
... How does this shape allow the DNA to be copied easily? 2. The 4 bases that make up DNA are: _________________________, _________________________, _________________________, _________________________. The base-pairing rules are: A pairs with ____. T pairs with ____. ...
Mutations
... "latent" effects. These variations, found in coding regions, are not harmful on their own, However, such mutations cause some people to be at higher risk for some diseases such as cancer, but only after exposure to certain environmental agents. They may also explain why one person responds to a drug ...
... "latent" effects. These variations, found in coding regions, are not harmful on their own, However, such mutations cause some people to be at higher risk for some diseases such as cancer, but only after exposure to certain environmental agents. They may also explain why one person responds to a drug ...
Genetically Engineering Plants
... from bacteria. Circular plasmids are cleaved and new genes are inserted. The modified plasmid can then crosses cell borders and combine with the recepient cell's DNA along with the additional genes. • Viruses, infectious particles that contain genetic material, are also used to transfer genes to a c ...
... from bacteria. Circular plasmids are cleaved and new genes are inserted. The modified plasmid can then crosses cell borders and combine with the recepient cell's DNA along with the additional genes. • Viruses, infectious particles that contain genetic material, are also used to transfer genes to a c ...
DNA, RNA, Protein Graphic Organizer
... Sickle cell anemia is a disease that is passed down through families. Normal red blood cells are shaped like a disc, while sickle blood cells are shaped in a crescent shape. Sickle cell anemia is caused by an abnormal type of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin helps carry oxygen throughout the body. Sickle cell ...
... Sickle cell anemia is a disease that is passed down through families. Normal red blood cells are shaped like a disc, while sickle blood cells are shaped in a crescent shape. Sickle cell anemia is caused by an abnormal type of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin helps carry oxygen throughout the body. Sickle cell ...
BI 200 – Final Exam
... b. may produce additional toxins as with diptheria and scarlet fever c. can reproduce indefinitely d. all of the above e. none of the above 53. When an animal virus leaves its host cell and takes some membrane with it, its structure is referred to as a. helical ...
... b. may produce additional toxins as with diptheria and scarlet fever c. can reproduce indefinitely d. all of the above e. none of the above 53. When an animal virus leaves its host cell and takes some membrane with it, its structure is referred to as a. helical ...
Chapter 6
... redundancy in the genetic code, many point mutations in the third position of a codon are silent (i.e., do not change the amino acid specified). The first two nucleotides in a codon, alone, frequently specify the amino acid (i.e., the third or “wobble” nucleotide, may be irrelevant). Gene Expression ...
... redundancy in the genetic code, many point mutations in the third position of a codon are silent (i.e., do not change the amino acid specified). The first two nucleotides in a codon, alone, frequently specify the amino acid (i.e., the third or “wobble” nucleotide, may be irrelevant). Gene Expression ...
GENE MUTATION = POINT MUTATION at the DNA level: at the level
... It may then be predicted that an E. coli cell, growing with a generation time of 40 min at 37degC, should lose 0.5 purine/chromosome in each generation. For a mammalian cell, which contains ~800 times more DNA than E. coli and grows with a generation time of 20 hr, 12,000 purines should be lost from ...
... It may then be predicted that an E. coli cell, growing with a generation time of 40 min at 37degC, should lose 0.5 purine/chromosome in each generation. For a mammalian cell, which contains ~800 times more DNA than E. coli and grows with a generation time of 20 hr, 12,000 purines should be lost from ...
Proteomes, Genes and Junk DNA
... Nuclear DNA does not leave the nucleus. The code is copied onto RNA and it is the RNA copy that takes the code from the nuclear store to the site in the cytoplasm – the ribosomes – where it is expressed. RNA In order for the DNA code to arrive at the organelles in the cytoplasm where polypeptides ar ...
... Nuclear DNA does not leave the nucleus. The code is copied onto RNA and it is the RNA copy that takes the code from the nuclear store to the site in the cytoplasm – the ribosomes – where it is expressed. RNA In order for the DNA code to arrive at the organelles in the cytoplasm where polypeptides ar ...
PIG - enzymes
... • Fits into site on enzyme away from the active site • Attaches to tertiary structure of enzyme • Changes shape of the active site • Substrate can no longer bind with active site • Permanent ...
... • Fits into site on enzyme away from the active site • Attaches to tertiary structure of enzyme • Changes shape of the active site • Substrate can no longer bind with active site • Permanent ...
Replication, Transcription, Translation
... read in the 3’ to 5’ direction, and the new DNA strand can grow only in the 5’ to 3’ direction. Only the leading strand, is able to grow continuously; the DNA polymerase traveling in the 3’ to 5’ direction, is moving in the same direction as the replication fork. On the other strand, the DNA polymer ...
... read in the 3’ to 5’ direction, and the new DNA strand can grow only in the 5’ to 3’ direction. Only the leading strand, is able to grow continuously; the DNA polymerase traveling in the 3’ to 5’ direction, is moving in the same direction as the replication fork. On the other strand, the DNA polymer ...
Notes
... • Transcription – DNA is copied into mRNA, which will take a copy of the DNA code to the ribosome to direct the making of protein; occurs in nucleus • Translation - the process of building proteins, the sequence of bases of mRNA is “translated” into a sequence of amino acids; occurs in ribosome ...
... • Transcription – DNA is copied into mRNA, which will take a copy of the DNA code to the ribosome to direct the making of protein; occurs in nucleus • Translation - the process of building proteins, the sequence of bases of mRNA is “translated” into a sequence of amino acids; occurs in ribosome ...
Biology Second Semester Study Guide Molecular Genetics (Chapter
... Sex-linked Traits: A sex-linked trait is due to a gene found only on the X chromosome, otherwise known as the sex chromosome. One example is colorblindness, which males are more likely to get because they have two X chromosomes to a female's one, thus, in effect, doubling their chances of being affe ...
... Sex-linked Traits: A sex-linked trait is due to a gene found only on the X chromosome, otherwise known as the sex chromosome. One example is colorblindness, which males are more likely to get because they have two X chromosomes to a female's one, thus, in effect, doubling their chances of being affe ...
Molecular cloning
Molecular cloning is a set of experimental methods in molecular biology that are used to assemble recombinant DNA molecules and to direct their replication within host organisms. The use of the word cloning refers to the fact that the method involves the replication of one molecule to produce a population of cells with identical DNA molecules. Molecular cloning generally uses DNA sequences from two different organisms: the species that is the source of the DNA to be cloned, and the species that will serve as the living host for replication of the recombinant DNA. Molecular cloning methods are central to many contemporary areas of modern biology and medicine.In a conventional molecular cloning experiment, the DNA to be cloned is obtained from an organism of interest, then treated with enzymes in the test tube to generate smaller DNA fragments. Subsequently, these fragments are then combined with vector DNA to generate recombinant DNA molecules. The recombinant DNA is then introduced into a host organism (typically an easy-to-grow, benign, laboratory strain of E. coli bacteria). This will generate a population of organisms in which recombinant DNA molecules are replicated along with the host DNA. Because they contain foreign DNA fragments, these are transgenic or genetically modified microorganisms (GMO). This process takes advantage of the fact that a single bacterial cell can be induced to take up and replicate a single recombinant DNA molecule. This single cell can then be expanded exponentially to generate a large amount of bacteria, each of which contain copies of the original recombinant molecule. Thus, both the resulting bacterial population, and the recombinant DNA molecule, are commonly referred to as ""clones"". Strictly speaking, recombinant DNA refers to DNA molecules, while molecular cloning refers to the experimental methods used to assemble them.