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Exam notes for bio250 semester one
Exam notes for bio250 semester one

... How to get Info on mystery sequence of DNA: First you want to perform a blast search. This finds similar sequences (to your sequence) in the blast database. Blast is an algorithm that uses short stretches of sequence similarity to find related genes in a database. The algorithm is fast and efficient ...
Chapter 7 Molecular Genetics: From DNA to Proteins Worksheets
Chapter 7 Molecular Genetics: From DNA to Proteins Worksheets

... The Genetic Code How is the information in a gene encoded? The answer is the genetic code. The genetic code consists of the sequence of nitrogen bases — A, C, G, T (or U) — in a polynucleotide chain. The four bases make up the “letters” of the genetic code. The letters are combined in groups of thre ...
title - Wiley
title - Wiley

BIO305 - National Open University of Nigeria
BIO305 - National Open University of Nigeria

... relationships among species are reflected in their DNA and proteins – in their genes and gene products. Researchers in molecular biology use techniques and ideas from other areas of biology and chemistry particularly genetics – the transfer of biological information from cell to cell, from parents t ...
Glencoe Biology
Glencoe Biology

... cleaved.  These fragments were combined with vectors to create recombinant DNA, cloned to make many copies, and sequenced using automated sequencing machines.  Computers analyzed the overlapping regions to generate one continuous sequence. ...
DNA Damage - Columbus Labs
DNA Damage - Columbus Labs

... Why RNA vs Peptide or DNA ...
Gene Expression and Basic Transformation
Gene Expression and Basic Transformation

... • Identify a gene from another species which controls a trait of interest • Or modify an existing gene (create a new allele) Gene Introduction • Introduces that gene into an organism • Technique called transformation • Forms transgenic organisms ...
Why BLAST is great - GENI
Why BLAST is great - GENI

... Sequence databases like GenBank contain all public sequences and any annotations of them Searching these databases permits you to find any genes related to your Gene of Interest (GOI), and to potentially assign it a function This is a routine, but highly sophisticated, tool used daily by genome scie ...
Interpretive Criteria for Identification of Bacteria and
Interpretive Criteria for Identification of Bacteria and

Site-directed Mutagenesis of Arginine
Site-directed Mutagenesis of Arginine

A Recipe for Traits - Teach Genetics Website
A Recipe for Traits - Teach Genetics Website

Bacteriophage
Bacteriophage

Fulltext PDF - Indian Academy of Sciences
Fulltext PDF - Indian Academy of Sciences

... translated into a language with twenty words, the language of proteins? The coding problem galvanized the infant field of molecular biology. Elementary combinatorial reasoning showed that the code would have to make use of at least three of the four bases at a time. (Because 4 x 4 = 16, which is les ...
File - Ms. Lynch`s Lessons
File - Ms. Lynch`s Lessons

Adobe PDF - Boston University Physics
Adobe PDF - Boston University Physics

... and the absence of this peak in coding DNA (see, e.g., Fig. 1 of [4]). This difference in the abundance of DTR in coding DNA and noncoding DNA suggests that these repeats may play a role in the organization and evolution of DNA. We analyze all vertebrate, invertebrate, mammal, primate, and plant tax ...
Protein Synthesis PowerPoint
Protein Synthesis PowerPoint

... or Fiction: All living things have ribosomes to make protein? o ...
Cell Division - OpenStax CNX
Cell Division - OpenStax CNX

... connecting the nucleosomes is called linker DNA. A DNA molecule in this form is about seven times shorter than the double helix without the histones, and the beads are about 10 nm in diameter, in contrast with the 2-nm diameter of a DNA double helix. The next level of compaction occurs as the nucleo ...
8.4 Transcription
8.4 Transcription

... from the DNA, carries the message that will be translated to form a protein. – Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) forms part of ribosomes where proteins are made. – Transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome. ...
Chapter. 21(Genomes and Their Evolution)
Chapter. 21(Genomes and Their Evolution)

... Understanding Genes and Their Products at the Systems Level • Proteomics is the systematic study of all proteins encoded by a genome. • Proteins, not genes, carry out most of the activities of the cell. • A systems biology approach can be applied to define gene circuits and protein interaction netw ...
7.13 Experimental Microbial Genetics
7.13 Experimental Microbial Genetics

... migrate toward the anode (positive end) due to the negatively charged phosphates along the DNA backbone. The migration velocity is limited by the frictional force imposed by the gel matrix. While charge and/or size can affect the rate at which macromolecules will pass through the gel, the charge to ...
Bst polymerase for whole genome amplification
Bst polymerase for whole genome amplification

... three MDA methods. DNA of Shenwanella oneidensis MR-1 was used as the template. The genes whose Cy5/Cy3 ratios in any aDNA showed >1 fold are defined as biased genes. The results suggested that the different MDA methods would produce different biased genes. ...
Conclusion Introduction Background The PTC Sensitivity Gene
Conclusion Introduction Background The PTC Sensitivity Gene

... Phenylthiocarbamide (PTC). This is one of the best known genetic traits in the human population and historically has been the most popular teaching subject in inheritance. However, the classic PTC paper test falls short of differentiating between homozygous vs heterozygous in the taster alleles. Her ...
File
File

... • Person #2 : Fill in the correct mRNA bases using the base pair rules • Pass the board to Person #3 – tRNA • Person #3: Fill in the correct tRNA bases using the base pair rules • Find the amino acid that goes with the tRNA (use genetic code wheel ...
Tutorial17_02
Tutorial17_02

... -This will not be a part of the Flash animation, but an html page. -Use the photos of bacteriophages and plasmids from old 16.1.5.1, the captions, and the same title “Types of Vectors”. -Use only one page of text (“The fragments of DNA produced…”) and delete the second page (“Press play to see an ex ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... The E. coli were plated and DNA was extracted successfully. The PCR procedure was done on each strain of E. coli. The gel loading dye was added before doing the gel electrophoresis. The gel was analyzed using the gel imaging machine If our results show that the bile salt sensitive strains can show r ...
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Molecular cloning



Molecular cloning is a set of experimental methods in molecular biology that are used to assemble recombinant DNA molecules and to direct their replication within host organisms. The use of the word cloning refers to the fact that the method involves the replication of one molecule to produce a population of cells with identical DNA molecules. Molecular cloning generally uses DNA sequences from two different organisms: the species that is the source of the DNA to be cloned, and the species that will serve as the living host for replication of the recombinant DNA. Molecular cloning methods are central to many contemporary areas of modern biology and medicine.In a conventional molecular cloning experiment, the DNA to be cloned is obtained from an organism of interest, then treated with enzymes in the test tube to generate smaller DNA fragments. Subsequently, these fragments are then combined with vector DNA to generate recombinant DNA molecules. The recombinant DNA is then introduced into a host organism (typically an easy-to-grow, benign, laboratory strain of E. coli bacteria). This will generate a population of organisms in which recombinant DNA molecules are replicated along with the host DNA. Because they contain foreign DNA fragments, these are transgenic or genetically modified microorganisms (GMO). This process takes advantage of the fact that a single bacterial cell can be induced to take up and replicate a single recombinant DNA molecule. This single cell can then be expanded exponentially to generate a large amount of bacteria, each of which contain copies of the original recombinant molecule. Thus, both the resulting bacterial population, and the recombinant DNA molecule, are commonly referred to as ""clones"". Strictly speaking, recombinant DNA refers to DNA molecules, while molecular cloning refers to the experimental methods used to assemble them.
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