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BDS Ist YEAR EXAMINATION 2008-09
BDS Ist YEAR EXAMINATION 2008-09

... Serum uric acid = 14 mg/dl, Blood urea = 300 mg/dl Urinary uric acid = 3.0 g/day and Urinary pH = 4.5. The patient responded to the treatment by the drugallopurinol. What is the diagnosis of the disease? Discuss the clinical interpretation of data and mechanism of action of the drug allopuinol. ...
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... cut the segments of each fragment out separately. Use the ruler to measure the length of each segment within a fragment and write this length in the segment. Be sure to include the tip in the measurement if the segment comes to a point. You should see that the length of each segment on the fragment ...
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There are three parts in this exam (50% +20% +30%)

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DNA Profiling
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... from decreasingly smaller traces of DNA found at crime scenes. Using forensic science methods, the sample is analysed, resulting in a DNA profile that can be compared against other DNA profiles within a database. This creates the opportunity for ‘hits’ – person-to-scene, scene-to-scene or person-to- ...
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Transformation (genetics)



In molecular biology, transformation is the genetic alteration of a cell resulting from the direct uptake and incorporation of exogenous genetic material (exogenous DNA) from its surroundings and taken up through the cell membrane(s). Transformation occurs naturally in some species of bacteria, but it can also be effected by artificial means in other cells. For transformation to happen, bacteria must be in a state of competence, which might occur as a time-limited response to environmental conditions such as starvation and cell density.Transformation is one of three processes by which exogenous genetic material may be introduced into a bacterial cell, the other two being conjugation (transfer of genetic material between two bacterial cells in direct contact) and transduction (injection of foreign DNA by a bacteriophage virus into the host bacterium).""Transformation"" may also be used to describe the insertion of new genetic material into nonbacterial cells, including animal and plant cells; however, because ""transformation"" has a special meaning in relation to animal cells, indicating progression to a cancerous state, the term should be avoided for animal cells when describing introduction of exogenous genetic material. Introduction of foreign DNA into eukaryotic cells is often called ""transfection"".
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