Traveling Theta Waves along the Entire
... the local LFP theta (Figures 4A–4C and 4E). Theta phase preference of ventral neurons was more variable and a fraction of ventral pyramidal cells preferred the peak of the local theta cycle (Figure 4E). This peak preference of ventral neurons was not due to improper positioning of the electrode with ...
... the local LFP theta (Figures 4A–4C and 4E). Theta phase preference of ventral neurons was more variable and a fraction of ventral pyramidal cells preferred the peak of the local theta cycle (Figure 4E). This peak preference of ventral neurons was not due to improper positioning of the electrode with ...
... Imaging (MRI), such as structural MRI and functional MRI, improves the neuroanatomical and neurofunctional analysis of addiction-related changes. Several studies have shown that addiction alters the dopaminergic mesocorticolimbic circuitry of self-control and incentive salience to subserve the trans ...
Role of High-Affinity Receptors and Membrane Transporters in
... is quite diffuse. The quantal release is less clearly established in the central nervous system (CNS), although evidence is presented that this is probably the case. Accordingly, the brain was considered a telephone network that receives signals via synapse processing by means of a high concentratio ...
... is quite diffuse. The quantal release is less clearly established in the central nervous system (CNS), although evidence is presented that this is probably the case. Accordingly, the brain was considered a telephone network that receives signals via synapse processing by means of a high concentratio ...
glial versus neuronal uptake of glutamate
... release (Nadler et al. 1976). Glutamate uptake, and its loss after lesions of excitatory inputs to the hippocampus were shown in autoradiographic studies to be localized in the known target areas of these projections (Storm-Mathisen, 1977). Aspartate is taken up by a high-affinity transport system w ...
... release (Nadler et al. 1976). Glutamate uptake, and its loss after lesions of excitatory inputs to the hippocampus were shown in autoradiographic studies to be localized in the known target areas of these projections (Storm-Mathisen, 1977). Aspartate is taken up by a high-affinity transport system w ...
(2000). Cerebral hemisphere regulation of motivated behavior.
... sleep / wake cycle and levels of arousal within a particular state. Obviously, behavior is quite different when one is asleep or awake, and when awake there is a certain basic level of arousal or spontaneous activity that is independent of, though modulated by, sensory inputs. In summary, there are ...
... sleep / wake cycle and levels of arousal within a particular state. Obviously, behavior is quite different when one is asleep or awake, and when awake there is a certain basic level of arousal or spontaneous activity that is independent of, though modulated by, sensory inputs. In summary, there are ...
Cerebral hemisphere regulation of motivated
... sleep / wake cycle and levels of arousal within a particular state. Obviously, behavior is quite different when one is asleep or awake, and when awake there is a certain basic level of arousal or spontaneous activity that is independent of, though modulated by, sensory inputs. In summary, there are ...
... sleep / wake cycle and levels of arousal within a particular state. Obviously, behavior is quite different when one is asleep or awake, and when awake there is a certain basic level of arousal or spontaneous activity that is independent of, though modulated by, sensory inputs. In summary, there are ...
location and function of serotonin in the central and peripheral
... the Colorado potato beetle. Guided by the odour of the plant and the taste of the leaves, the beetle recognizes the host plant and feeds until satiation. The complex molecular composition of odour eliciting a locomotory response has been studied by Visser (1976), whereas the mechanisms of host odour ...
... the Colorado potato beetle. Guided by the odour of the plant and the taste of the leaves, the beetle recognizes the host plant and feeds until satiation. The complex molecular composition of odour eliciting a locomotory response has been studied by Visser (1976), whereas the mechanisms of host odour ...
C:\Vision\15Higher level Pt 2.wpd
... 1.2.3 on the phylogeny of vision. This material highlights the fact that a selection of primates can no longer be used in research related to the maximum performance of the human visual system. The system contains components and circuits that are either rudimentary or absent in these lower species. ...
... 1.2.3 on the phylogeny of vision. This material highlights the fact that a selection of primates can no longer be used in research related to the maximum performance of the human visual system. The system contains components and circuits that are either rudimentary or absent in these lower species. ...
Does memorization without comprehension result in
... In real life we also come across situations where people learn a limited amount of a foreign language to perform certain functions. For example, if a head of state visits another country whose language is foreign to them, he or she might choose to memorize certain expressions to say on particular oc ...
... In real life we also come across situations where people learn a limited amount of a foreign language to perform certain functions. For example, if a head of state visits another country whose language is foreign to them, he or she might choose to memorize certain expressions to say on particular oc ...
The Classical Complement Cascade Mediates
... RGCs that were acutely isolated (Figure 1B) as well as in situ hybridization on whole retina (Figure 1C). We found that C1q mRNA levels were highest in postnatal RGCs between P5 and P10 and declined significantly by P30 (Figures 1B and 1C). Thus, C1q mRNA is expressed by RGCs in vitro in response to ...
... RGCs that were acutely isolated (Figure 1B) as well as in situ hybridization on whole retina (Figure 1C). We found that C1q mRNA levels were highest in postnatal RGCs between P5 and P10 and declined significantly by P30 (Figures 1B and 1C). Thus, C1q mRNA is expressed by RGCs in vitro in response to ...
Neural circuits underlying the generation of theta oscillations
... Limbic system Neuronal networks ...
... Limbic system Neuronal networks ...
GABA-Based Evaluation of Neurologic Conditions: MR Spectroscopy
... peaks: Cr, Cho, NAA, and lactate. GABA appears much lower in concentration, with an average concentration of 1 mmol/L versus 5–10 mmol/L.5 One of the earliest demonstrated detections of GABA in vivo by using MR spectroscopy occurred in the 1990s by Rothman et al.6 More recently, additional various t ...
... peaks: Cr, Cho, NAA, and lactate. GABA appears much lower in concentration, with an average concentration of 1 mmol/L versus 5–10 mmol/L.5 One of the earliest demonstrated detections of GABA in vivo by using MR spectroscopy occurred in the 1990s by Rothman et al.6 More recently, additional various t ...
Contrasting Effects of Reward Expectation on Sensory and Motor
... the pre-cue ‘control’ period (the 1 s duration before the cue onset) to examine whether the neuron showed significant task-related activities. If the mean discharge rate in a given period was significantly different from that in the control period (Mann--Whitney U-test, P < 0.05), the neuron was consi ...
... the pre-cue ‘control’ period (the 1 s duration before the cue onset) to examine whether the neuron showed significant task-related activities. If the mean discharge rate in a given period was significantly different from that in the control period (Mann--Whitney U-test, P < 0.05), the neuron was consi ...
The Study of Brain Activity in Sleep
... Spindles are generated in thalamic circuits as a consequence of cortical firing. When the cortex enters an up-state, strong cortical firing excites GABAergic neurons in the reticular nucleus of the thalamus. These in turn strongly inhibit thalamocortical neurons, triggering intrinsic currents that p ...
... Spindles are generated in thalamic circuits as a consequence of cortical firing. When the cortex enters an up-state, strong cortical firing excites GABAergic neurons in the reticular nucleus of the thalamus. These in turn strongly inhibit thalamocortical neurons, triggering intrinsic currents that p ...
Verbal and Visual Short Term Memory
... stored, but not rehearsed and therefore, the first couple of items are prone to fade from memory. In contrast, the last item is still fresh in the visual store, leading to a recency effect. In sum, the primacy and recency effects appearing from serial position curves were of great value to distingu ...
... stored, but not rehearsed and therefore, the first couple of items are prone to fade from memory. In contrast, the last item is still fresh in the visual store, leading to a recency effect. In sum, the primacy and recency effects appearing from serial position curves were of great value to distingu ...
- D-Scholarship@Pitt
... number of synaptic contacts within an endplate actually increases while the number of presynaptic axons innervating a given muscle fiber decreases. The observation that only one axon ends up taking over the entire NMJ suggested that there is a competition among the presynaptic inputs. Consistent wi ...
... number of synaptic contacts within an endplate actually increases while the number of presynaptic axons innervating a given muscle fiber decreases. The observation that only one axon ends up taking over the entire NMJ suggested that there is a competition among the presynaptic inputs. Consistent wi ...
Understanding Circuit Dynamics Using the Stomatogastric Nervous
... Over time this system has revealed numerous general principles relevant to central pattern generators (CPGs) and other large and small circuits in both invertebrates and vertebrates. As we look forward to understanding the larger and more complex circuits in the vertebrate brain, lessons learned in ...
... Over time this system has revealed numerous general principles relevant to central pattern generators (CPGs) and other large and small circuits in both invertebrates and vertebrates. As we look forward to understanding the larger and more complex circuits in the vertebrate brain, lessons learned in ...
4 - Radboud Repository
... the amygdala, lateral septum, parts of the prefrontal cortex, and the cerebellum (Arriza et al, 1988). These structures are among others associated with cognitive functions such as spatial orientation, detection of threat, fear memory, and regulation of the stress response, which might therefore all ...
... the amygdala, lateral septum, parts of the prefrontal cortex, and the cerebellum (Arriza et al, 1988). These structures are among others associated with cognitive functions such as spatial orientation, detection of threat, fear memory, and regulation of the stress response, which might therefore all ...
1№S€EN1>IMÎ PATHWAYS FROM ТИК BRAIN STEM ТО ТИК
... (Robinson, '69; W. Cruce, '74) it appears likely that the fibre systems descending from the brain stem to the spinal cord in reptiles, are largely comparable to those of mammals. The descending fibre paths to the spinal cord in mammals have been grouped by Kuypers (Kuypers et al., '62; Kuypers, '64; ...
... (Robinson, '69; W. Cruce, '74) it appears likely that the fibre systems descending from the brain stem to the spinal cord in reptiles, are largely comparable to those of mammals. The descending fibre paths to the spinal cord in mammals have been grouped by Kuypers (Kuypers et al., '62; Kuypers, '64; ...
Signal processing methods in Sleep Research
... Slow wave sleep predominates in the first third of the night and is linked to the initiation of sleep. REM sleep predominates in the last 3rd of the night. Wakefulness in sleep usually accounts for less than 5% of the night. N1 generally constitutes 2 to 5% of sleep. N2 generally constitutes 45 to 5 ...
... Slow wave sleep predominates in the first third of the night and is linked to the initiation of sleep. REM sleep predominates in the last 3rd of the night. Wakefulness in sleep usually accounts for less than 5% of the night. N1 generally constitutes 2 to 5% of sleep. N2 generally constitutes 45 to 5 ...
Neurobiology of ADHD Gail Tripp , Review
... groups of children with ADHD. However, the proposal that symptoms arise from a primary deficit in executive function is not well supported by the literature. A recent meta-analysis suggests that ADHD is associated with significant weaknesses in several key executive function domains, the most reliable ...
... groups of children with ADHD. However, the proposal that symptoms arise from a primary deficit in executive function is not well supported by the literature. A recent meta-analysis suggests that ADHD is associated with significant weaknesses in several key executive function domains, the most reliable ...
Towards a Computational Model of Analogical Arguments
... be more influenced by the amount of consideration they give to the analogy, than the content of the argument per se. The more time they put in to thinking about the analogy the more they find it convincing. The fundamental problem that these findings present for current analogical models is that the ...
... be more influenced by the amount of consideration they give to the analogy, than the content of the argument per se. The more time they put in to thinking about the analogy the more they find it convincing. The fundamental problem that these findings present for current analogical models is that the ...
Ventral Medial Nucleus Neurons Send Thalamocortical Afferents
... It has been proposed that thalamic projection neurons are classified into core-type and matrix-type neurons mainly on the basis of projection targets in the cerebral cortical layers (for review, see Jones 1998, 2001). Core-type neurons are located in the specific relay nuclei and send axon fibers mainl ...
... It has been proposed that thalamic projection neurons are classified into core-type and matrix-type neurons mainly on the basis of projection targets in the cerebral cortical layers (for review, see Jones 1998, 2001). Core-type neurons are located in the specific relay nuclei and send axon fibers mainl ...
Review International Journal of Integrative Biology Reticular
... informations from many parts of the CNS (Lennart, 1995). The axons of many reticular neurons remain within the reticular formation, where they take part in multisynaptic pathways and reflex circuits. Other axons form widespread pathways to reach every part of the CNS, including forebrain regions, ce ...
... informations from many parts of the CNS (Lennart, 1995). The axons of many reticular neurons remain within the reticular formation, where they take part in multisynaptic pathways and reflex circuits. Other axons form widespread pathways to reach every part of the CNS, including forebrain regions, ce ...