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15-1 Section Summary
15-1 Section Summary

... called neurons, or nerve cells. The message that a neuron carries is called a nerve impulse. A neuron has a large cell body that contains the nucleus. The cell body has threadlike extensions. One kind of extension, a dendrite, carries impulses toward the cell body of the neuron. An axon carries impu ...
corticospinal tract
corticospinal tract

... – SOME TERMS: – fissures – large grooves on cerebrum surface – gyrus – outswelling observed on cerebrum – sulci – smaller grooves on cerebrum ...
1. nervous system
1. nervous system

... The cerebellum interacts with the brainstem and other components of the CNS. The most complex cells in the cerebellum are Purkinje cells. These are capable of receiving around 200,000 synapses. The cerebellum is responsible for eye movement, posture, locomotion and fine motor coordination. Complex m ...
Cognition and Perception as Interactive Activation
Cognition and Perception as Interactive Activation

... • It appears that our brains can search for alternative solutions until one pops out. • How are such solutions found? – One answer is that the process occurs through a gradual, noisy, interactive activation process. ...
Toxicology of the Nervous System
Toxicology of the Nervous System

... Glutamate activates two types of ion channels (AMPA and NMDA) Cell Death is associated with excessive calcium entry through NMDA receptors ...
Summary of the Known Major Neurotransmitters
Summary of the Known Major Neurotransmitters

... Botulin: poisons found in improperly canned food, blocks the release of acetylcholine resulting in paralysis of the muscles Nerve gas: continual release of acetylcholine Scopolamine: blocks ACh receptors and impairs learning and even at low doses causes drowsiness, amnesia and confusion L-dopa: conv ...
Synaptic Plasticity
Synaptic Plasticity

... After pairing: CS - CR ...
AP Chapter 7 Cognition
AP Chapter 7 Cognition

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Memory

... – image code – detailed and distinctive • image codes are stored as both • superior to verbal codes alone ...
View/Open - Dora.dmu.ac.uk
View/Open - Dora.dmu.ac.uk

... no idea what holography actually means. The concept of Holography however was developed in the 1940s by Dennis Gabor and it reached its full potential only after the invention of LASERS (Light Amplification Simulated Emission of Radiation). The term hologram is being referred to “Pepper’s Ghost” tec ...
Enlightenment - The Dartmouth Undergraduate Journal of Science
Enlightenment - The Dartmouth Undergraduate Journal of Science

... Optogenetics is also beginning to reveal novel aspects of learning and memory. For example, a recent optogenetic study found intriguingly different results when using a light-activated activity block compared to a pharmocological block (19). When tetrodotoxin (TTX) was injected to inactivate the CA1 ...
Cognition: Memory and its Parts
Cognition: Memory and its Parts

... Research suggests that the best way to remember things is to study them and then sleep! ...
Chapter 7
Chapter 7

... – image code – detailed and distinctive • image codes are stored as both • superior to verbal codes alone ...
Accumulative evidence indicates that microglial cells influence the
Accumulative evidence indicates that microglial cells influence the

... A Multi-Scale Approach to Cortical Representation of Visual Scenery How is our visual environment represented and processed in the brain? In my lab, we seek answers to this fundamental question with a multi-scale approach combining two-photon imaging with electrophysiological recordings. Neurons in ...
The Ten-Percent Myth
The Ten-Percent Myth

... "We are making use of only a small part of our possible mental and physical resources." It's also been associated with to Albert Einstein, who supposedly used it to explain his cosmic towering intellect. ...
Nervous System: Levels of Organization Review and
Nervous System: Levels of Organization Review and

... this unit. Could you demonstrate each of these objectives? If so, you will be ready for the assessment below. If not, consider reviewing content related to these objectives before attempting the assessment. ...
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... The nervous system is a complex collection of nerves and specialized cells known as neurons that transmit signals between different parts of the body. It is essentially the body’s electrical wiring. Structurally, the nervous system has two components: the central nervous system and the peripheral ne ...
Chapter 3 Biological Aspects of Psychology
Chapter 3 Biological Aspects of Psychology

... the key parts of a neuron, including specialized receptor areas (dendrites), the cell body (soma), the fiber along which impulses are transmitted (axon), and the junctions across which chemical messengers carry signals to other neurons (synapses). Neurons vary considerably in size and shape and are ...
Skeletal, Muscular, & Nervous System
Skeletal, Muscular, & Nervous System

... You have 206 bones in your body Axial Skeleton – the 80 bones of the skull, spine, ribs, vertebrae, and sternum or breastbone Appendicular skeleton – the remaining 126 bones of the upper and lower limbs, shoulders, and hips ...
Chapter 11 Psych
Chapter 11 Psych

... – refers to an initial process that receives and holds environmental information in its raw form for a brief period of time, from and instant to several seconds • Short-term memory – also called working-memory, refers to another process that can hold only a limited amount of information, an average ...
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... ƒ Because parents are the key figures in early life, they are often seen as the cause of improper development ...
chapter 6 memory lecture notes
chapter 6 memory lecture notes

... According to parallel distributed processing (PDP) models of memory, experiences do not just affect one bit of knowledge. Rather, experiences cause diverse and general changes throughout your knowledge base. 4. Example: Suppose you have just been introduced to digital video discs (DVDs). As you lear ...
Neurons and Neurotransmitters
Neurons and Neurotransmitters

... Action Potential: neural impulse or brief electrical charge that travels down an axon at speeds as fast as 200 mph. It happens when you feel something. “ALL OR NOTHING” response (like a gun firing). ...
Lecture Outline ()
Lecture Outline ()

... • Histological observations revealed a 20 to 40 nm gap between neurons (synaptic cleft) • Otto Loewi (1873-1961) first to demonstrate function of neurotransmitters at chemical synapse – flooded exposed hearts of 2 frogs with saline – stimulated vagus nerve of one frog --- heart slows – removed salin ...
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Holonomic brain theory

The holonomic brain theory, developed by neuroscientist Karl Pribram initially in collaboration with physicist David Bohm, is a model of human cognition that describes the brain as a holographic storage network. Pribram suggests these processes involve electric oscillations in the brain's fine-fibered dendritic webs, which are different from the more commonly known action potentials involving axons and synapses. These oscillations are waves and create wave interference patterns in which memory is encoded naturally, and the waves may be analyzed by a Fourier transform. Gabor, Pribram and others noted the similarities between these brain processes and the storage of information in a hologram, which can also be analyzed with a Fourier transform. In a hologram, any part of the hologram with sufficient size contains the whole of the stored information. In this theory, a piece of a long-term memory is similarly distributed over a dendritic arbor so that each part of the dendritic network contains all the information stored over the entire network. This model allows for important aspects of human consciousness, including the fast associative memory that allows for connections between different pieces of stored information and the non-locality of memory storage (a specific memory is not stored in a specific location, i.e. a certain neuron).
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