From sensorimotor learning to memory cells in prefrontal and
... area structure and long-distance connectivity. Sensory (different shades of blue) and motor (shades of red) areas relevant for learning the associations (A) between articulatory movements and the resultant sounds e that is, primary auditory cortex (AB), auditory belt (PB) and parabelt (PB), and infe ...
... area structure and long-distance connectivity. Sensory (different shades of blue) and motor (shades of red) areas relevant for learning the associations (A) between articulatory movements and the resultant sounds e that is, primary auditory cortex (AB), auditory belt (PB) and parabelt (PB), and infe ...
Finding a face in the crowd: parallel and serial neural mechanisms
... synchronization when a stimulus with that feature falls within their RF (e.g., when the animal is searching for red, the neurons prefer red, and a red stimulus falls within the RF). The results described so far show that neurons gave enhanced responses and synchronized their activity in the gamma-ra ...
... synchronization when a stimulus with that feature falls within their RF (e.g., when the animal is searching for red, the neurons prefer red, and a red stimulus falls within the RF). The results described so far show that neurons gave enhanced responses and synchronized their activity in the gamma-ra ...
Topographic Maps are Fundamental to Sensory
... [41]. Higher stations in the hierarchy mature later, and are more subject to alterations based on computations that transform sensory inputs. In addition, correlations based on local coactivations of receptors become less precise in higher levels of sensory systems, reducing the congruence between s ...
... [41]. Higher stations in the hierarchy mature later, and are more subject to alterations based on computations that transform sensory inputs. In addition, correlations based on local coactivations of receptors become less precise in higher levels of sensory systems, reducing the congruence between s ...
NIPS/Dec99/notebook3
... and GABAergic interneurons similarly distributed throughout the DCN and expressing different subtypes of glutamatergic receptors. The consequences of interneuronal inhibition by the cerebral cortex are functionally important because the cortical inhibition of inhibitory interneurons that, in turn, s ...
... and GABAergic interneurons similarly distributed throughout the DCN and expressing different subtypes of glutamatergic receptors. The consequences of interneuronal inhibition by the cerebral cortex are functionally important because the cortical inhibition of inhibitory interneurons that, in turn, s ...
neural_networks
... i.e. assume that successive input sets, and the postsynaptic decisions they drive, occur in discrete, sequential time intervals (an input set contains one or more input patterns). Postsynaptic neuron makes a decision at each time interval based solely on its current input weights, its active inputs, ...
... i.e. assume that successive input sets, and the postsynaptic decisions they drive, occur in discrete, sequential time intervals (an input set contains one or more input patterns). Postsynaptic neuron makes a decision at each time interval based solely on its current input weights, its active inputs, ...
The avian `prefrontal cortex` and cognition - Ruhr-Universität
... Neuronal activity patterns of NCL neurons and task design of the study of Rose and Colombo [50]. This study shows that NCL neurons play a role in executive control – what to remember and what to forget – by linking the presence or absence of neuronal activity with remembering and forgetting. (a) S ...
... Neuronal activity patterns of NCL neurons and task design of the study of Rose and Colombo [50]. This study shows that NCL neurons play a role in executive control – what to remember and what to forget – by linking the presence or absence of neuronal activity with remembering and forgetting. (a) S ...
Optical probing of neuronal ensemble activity
... areas. At the intermediate ‘mesoscopic’ level neural information processing occurs in complex microcircuits containing thousands to tens of thousands of excitatory and inhibitory neurons [1]. The dynamic organization of a local population with n neurons can be described by the temporal evolution of ...
... areas. At the intermediate ‘mesoscopic’ level neural information processing occurs in complex microcircuits containing thousands to tens of thousands of excitatory and inhibitory neurons [1]. The dynamic organization of a local population with n neurons can be described by the temporal evolution of ...
Encoding Information in Neuronal Activity
... In fact the firing rate code hypothesis has led to the discovery of the role of neurons that are further from sensory receptors or muscles. Hubel and Wiesel used the firing rate hypothesis to discover that some of the neurons in the primary visual cortex are edge detectors [Hubel and Wiesel, 1959, H ...
... In fact the firing rate code hypothesis has led to the discovery of the role of neurons that are further from sensory receptors or muscles. Hubel and Wiesel used the firing rate hypothesis to discover that some of the neurons in the primary visual cortex are edge detectors [Hubel and Wiesel, 1959, H ...
![A22254 Touch [version 2.0 ].](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/015818027_1-1fa81e941fb4f1ccea189d2b012bbb09-300x300.png)
A22254 Touch [version 2.0 ].
... larger region of skin, called its receptive field, because it has 10–25 terminals, each enclosed by a Meissner corpuscle or Merkel cell (Johansson and Vallbo, 1983). This arrangement allows the nerve to sample the activity of multiple receptors of the same class, while also resolving fine details. T ...
... larger region of skin, called its receptive field, because it has 10–25 terminals, each enclosed by a Meissner corpuscle or Merkel cell (Johansson and Vallbo, 1983). This arrangement allows the nerve to sample the activity of multiple receptors of the same class, while also resolving fine details. T ...
A quantitative description of the mouse piriform cortex
... piriform cortex. Quantitative descriptions such as these are important because they make it possible to construct realistic models and provide a constraint that theories of the olfactory circuit must fulfil. We show how quantitative descriptions can be useful for modelling by using our data to refin ...
... piriform cortex. Quantitative descriptions such as these are important because they make it possible to construct realistic models and provide a constraint that theories of the olfactory circuit must fulfil. We show how quantitative descriptions can be useful for modelling by using our data to refin ...
Activity Regulates the Synaptic Localization of the NMDA Receptor
... antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX) and assessed the patterns of NR1 and synaptophysin immunostaining (Figure 3). Chronic treatment with TTX had a similar effect to that of APV, causing a 320% increase in NR1 cluster number and a shift toward more synaptic clusters. CNQX caused a ...
... antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX) and assessed the patterns of NR1 and synaptophysin immunostaining (Figure 3). Chronic treatment with TTX had a similar effect to that of APV, causing a 320% increase in NR1 cluster number and a shift toward more synaptic clusters. CNQX caused a ...
IBRO 2008
... We find that silencing the entire neuronal network for 2 days, by blocking Na+-dependent action potentials with TTX or by blocking glutamatergic synaptic transmission with CNQX/APV, results in an increase in the levels of presynaptic vesicle proteins, such as VAMP2 and vGlut, measured with immunoflu ...
... We find that silencing the entire neuronal network for 2 days, by blocking Na+-dependent action potentials with TTX or by blocking glutamatergic synaptic transmission with CNQX/APV, results in an increase in the levels of presynaptic vesicle proteins, such as VAMP2 and vGlut, measured with immunoflu ...
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
... metabolism lasting 2-4 weeks after injury (present regardless of severity of injury) ...
... metabolism lasting 2-4 weeks after injury (present regardless of severity of injury) ...
melanin in the body
... 99% of calcium in the body is stored in our bones therefore our ability to absorb calcium is extremely important. The process of making Vitamin D begins in the skin; as light passes through the skin’s melanin layer it is converted into a substance called D3 which passes into the blood stream and the ...
... 99% of calcium in the body is stored in our bones therefore our ability to absorb calcium is extremely important. The process of making Vitamin D begins in the skin; as light passes through the skin’s melanin layer it is converted into a substance called D3 which passes into the blood stream and the ...
Guzowski et al - Psychology and Neuroscience
... Since the observation that c-fos is dynamically regulated in the brain1, methods that detect immediate-early gene (IEG) RNAs and proteins have gained widespread use as neuronal activity markers in behavioral studies. Despite this, the association between IEG expression and specific neural coding has ...
... Since the observation that c-fos is dynamically regulated in the brain1, methods that detect immediate-early gene (IEG) RNAs and proteins have gained widespread use as neuronal activity markers in behavioral studies. Despite this, the association between IEG expression and specific neural coding has ...
Coherence a measure of the brain networks: past and present
... no information on directionality. Coherence is the most common measure used to determine if different areas of the brain are generating signals that are significantly correlated (coherent) or not significantly correlated (not coherent). Strictly speaking coherence is a statistic that is used to dete ...
... no information on directionality. Coherence is the most common measure used to determine if different areas of the brain are generating signals that are significantly correlated (coherent) or not significantly correlated (not coherent). Strictly speaking coherence is a statistic that is used to dete ...
Huber et al. (2008), Sparse optical microstimulation in barrel cortex
... neurons were able to follow frequencies up to 20 Hz (Fig. 1e) and in some cases up to 50 Hz (Fig. 1f). These frequencies are comparable to, or higher than, typical spike rates in the barrel cortex17. Action potentials followed the photostimuli with short delays (range 3–11 ms) and little jitter (Sup ...
... neurons were able to follow frequencies up to 20 Hz (Fig. 1e) and in some cases up to 50 Hz (Fig. 1f). These frequencies are comparable to, or higher than, typical spike rates in the barrel cortex17. Action potentials followed the photostimuli with short delays (range 3–11 ms) and little jitter (Sup ...
Sensory Afferent Neurotransmission in Caudal Nucleus Tractus
... primarily mNTS neurons mono-synaptically activated by solitary tract stimulation. mNTS neurons show varying degrees of delayed excitation, spike frequency adaptation and after hyperpolarizations. Sensory afferent transmission is mediated by glutamate acting at post-synaptic non-NMDA receptors. Gluta ...
... primarily mNTS neurons mono-synaptically activated by solitary tract stimulation. mNTS neurons show varying degrees of delayed excitation, spike frequency adaptation and after hyperpolarizations. Sensory afferent transmission is mediated by glutamate acting at post-synaptic non-NMDA receptors. Gluta ...
Reinforcement Learning Using a Continuous Time Actor
... Animals repeat rewarded behaviors, but the physiological basis of reward-based learning has only been partially elucidated. On one hand, experimental evidence shows that the neuromodulator dopamine carries information about rewards and affects synaptic plasticity. On the other hand, the theory of re ...
... Animals repeat rewarded behaviors, but the physiological basis of reward-based learning has only been partially elucidated. On one hand, experimental evidence shows that the neuromodulator dopamine carries information about rewards and affects synaptic plasticity. On the other hand, the theory of re ...
Habit formation
... arises in medium spiny projection neurons as animals acquire the T-maze task is one in which the activity accentuates the boundaries of the maze runs. The majority of task-responsive neurons exhibit a burst of firing activity as the run is initiated, or as the run is completed, or both, resulting i ...
... arises in medium spiny projection neurons as animals acquire the T-maze task is one in which the activity accentuates the boundaries of the maze runs. The majority of task-responsive neurons exhibit a burst of firing activity as the run is initiated, or as the run is completed, or both, resulting i ...
chapt07_lecture
... a. Based on the number of processes that extend from the cell body. b. Pseudounipolar: single short process that branches like a T to form 2 longer processes; sensory neurons c. Bipolar neurons: have two processes, one on either end; found in retina of eye d. Multipolar neurons: several dendrites an ...
... a. Based on the number of processes that extend from the cell body. b. Pseudounipolar: single short process that branches like a T to form 2 longer processes; sensory neurons c. Bipolar neurons: have two processes, one on either end; found in retina of eye d. Multipolar neurons: several dendrites an ...
The elephant brain in numbers
... axons are unequally distributed within the gray matter and through the white matter, regardless of the numbers of neurons that compose that surface (Mota and Herculano-Houzel, in preparation). In that scenario, we find that the degree of cortical folding of the African elephant, as that of all other ...
... axons are unequally distributed within the gray matter and through the white matter, regardless of the numbers of neurons that compose that surface (Mota and Herculano-Houzel, in preparation). In that scenario, we find that the degree of cortical folding of the African elephant, as that of all other ...
Review (11/01/16)
... • Answer: Tissue injury leads to the release of inflammatory molecules, such as bradykinin and prostaglandins, which sensitize TRPV1 channel. In addition, nerve growth factor NGF secreted from immune cells can increase the expression of TRPV1 channels (more channels on membrane), and enhance the the ...
... • Answer: Tissue injury leads to the release of inflammatory molecules, such as bradykinin and prostaglandins, which sensitize TRPV1 channel. In addition, nerve growth factor NGF secreted from immune cells can increase the expression of TRPV1 channels (more channels on membrane), and enhance the the ...