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Test 3
Test 3

... 10. Discuss the mechanism of generation of an action potential, and the three phases of an action potential. 11. Describe a threshold stimulus. Discuss how it relates to the graded potentials generated on dendrites, and the all-or-none behavior of axons. 12. Define the absolute and relative refracto ...
Chapter 1 - Illinois State University Websites
Chapter 1 - Illinois State University Websites

... – Why? Singing involves rhythm, rate control, changes in intonation – May allow alternative control of speech ...
Learning pattern recognition and decision making in the insect brain
Learning pattern recognition and decision making in the insect brain

... AL. This genetically encoded architecture induces a stimulus-dependent spatial code in the glomeruli [55, 56, 57, 23, 58]. Moreover, the spatial code is maintained across individuals of the same species [59] as would be expected given the genetic structure. In principle this peripheral olfactory str ...
$doc.title

... How  do  the  cells  within  the  brain   represent  and  transmit  informa
I. Nerve Organization
I. Nerve Organization

... II. Division of Nervous System A. Cell Types 1. Gray Matter – Neurons without myelin sheath 2. White Matter – Neurons with fatty myelin sheath. 3. Neuroglia – Cells of nervous system other than neurons (Schwann cells). ...
Step Up To: Psychology - Grand Haven Area Public Schools
Step Up To: Psychology - Grand Haven Area Public Schools

... 19. The sequence of brain regions from oldest to newest is: A) limbic system; brainstem; cerebral cortex. B) brainstem; cerebral cortex; limbic system. C) limbic system; cerebral cortex; brainstem. D) brainstem; limbic system; cerebral cortex. E) cerebral cortex; brainstem; limbic system. ...
Module overview
Module overview

... Action potential= spike= firing=impulses ...
What and Where Pathways
What and Where Pathways

... Figure 4.11 (a) Results of a psychophysical selective adaptation experiment. This graph shows that the participant’s adaptation to the vertical grating causes a large decrease in her ability to detect the vertical grating when it is presented again, but less effect on gratings that are tilted to ei ...
(Grades K-12) Create a model of the brain by using clay, Playdough
(Grades K-12) Create a model of the brain by using clay, Playdough

... The brain is made up of cells which are the basic unit of life. The most important are nerve cells or neurons. These are electrically active chemicals that do our thinking. Our brains have billions of neurons. Neurons look like trees with lots of branches. The branches spread out and their job is to ...
nervous system physiology 1
nervous system physiology 1

... Neurons have special shapes, physiological properties, and connections (~1000 synapses/each neuron & other connecting mechanisms !) • information transmission throughout the nervous system • unique patterns of connectivity & regional specialization  tremendous complexity of NS Neuroglial cells • va ...
The mind and brain are an inseparable unit.
The mind and brain are an inseparable unit.

... my academic journey I would have resisted this biological perspective on the grounds that a physical basis for such a complex life choice would diminish its grandeur and centrality. This dismissive view of the role of neurons relating to the quality of human experience is common in our culture. Cri ...
Higher Mind - Source Naturals
Higher Mind - Source Naturals

... the amazing rate of 15 million per hour. As infants, we have over 100 billion neurons, but this is the most we will ever have because – unlike most other cells in our body – nerve cells do not reproduce. A different strategy is used to replace the neurons that are naturally lost throughout life: ner ...
structure of the brain (cont.)
structure of the brain (cont.)

... – alcohol molecules so closely resemble those of the GABA neurotransmitter that alcohol can function like GABA keys and open GABA receptors – when GABA neurons are excited, they decrease neural activity ...
Molecular anatomical investigation of the 2
Molecular anatomical investigation of the 2

... isoforms DGL-α and DGL-β have been described in the brain, but knockout animal studies revealed that it is the α isoform, which produces 2-AG (Gao et al., 2010; Tanimura et al. 2010, Yoshino et al., 2011). The vast majority (85%) of 2-AG is degraded by monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) in the brain (Bla ...
The Nervous System
The Nervous System

... body. Through this regulation the body can maintain homeostasis. Movement, digestion, circulation, breathing and many other body functions are all controlled by the responses of the nervous system. ...
Nervous System
Nervous System

... A neuron is on the receiving end of many synapses -- some may be giving inhibitory and some may give stimulatory impulses. Whether or not the neuron they are attached to fires depends on the SUMMARY EFFECT of all the excitatory neurotransmitters received. • If amount of excitatory neurotransmitters ...
Physiology Ch 57 p697-709 [4-25
Physiology Ch 57 p697-709 [4-25

... d. Area for Naming Objects – lateral area of ant occipital lobe and post temporal lobe is where naming objects takes place; learned through auditory input and physical natures are learned through visual input 2. Prefrontal Association Area – functions in association with motor cortex to plan comple ...
The Biology of Trauma - BC Association of Social Workers
The Biology of Trauma - BC Association of Social Workers

... This morning I sat and wrote. Because I had to. Because it felt like the only way I could function was to kindly escort noisy thoughts, words, and pictures onto the relative safety of the page. Anyone else have this? It's new for me. Strange. ~Laurel Anderson Mueller ...
Alzheimer`s Disease and its Effects on the Central Nervous System
Alzheimer`s Disease and its Effects on the Central Nervous System

... For late onset Alzheimer’s disease, there is only one known genetic component, a protein, produced by the gene apolipoprotein E (ApoE) on chromosome 19, which binds quickly and tightly with beta-amyloid. ApoE comes in three alleles, one of which increases the risk of AD. It is still unknown how beta ...
Biosychology_Intro Reading
Biosychology_Intro Reading

... other cells in the body. In most cases, a neurotransmitter is released from the axon terminal after an action potential has reached the synapse. The neurotransmitter then crosses the synaptic gap to reach the receptor site of the other cell or neuron. Then, in a process known as reuptake, the neurot ...
Neural Tissue
Neural Tissue

... scar tissue formation does not occur too rapidly – Axons in the CNS are myelinated by oligodendrocytes that do not form neurolemmas; hence regeneration can not occur ...
The Two-Second Advantage
The Two-Second Advantage

... This is a summary of what I think is the most important and insightful parts of the book. I can’t speak for anyone else and I strongly recommend you to read the book in order to grasp the concepts written here. My notes should only be seen as an addition that can be used to refresh your memory after ...
European Commission
European Commission

... pain of sunburn, a discovery which could also shed light on the pain caused by other inflammatory conditions like arthritis. Also supported via IMI, EU-AIMS suggests that certain brain changes in autism may be reversible. The findings suggest that there may be common deficits in the brains of indivi ...
Ions in Your Life
Ions in Your Life

... excitation occurs and neurotransmitter stops being produced by the body itself. Neurotransmitters are blocked from going through reuptake transporters by original neuron. Extra excitation occurs and body stops producing neurotransmitter. ...
Orbitofrontal Cortex and Its Contribution to Decision
Orbitofrontal Cortex and Its Contribution to Decision

... Research paradigm: Reverse contingencies ...
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Activity-dependent plasticity

A defining feature of the brain is its capacity to undergo changes based on activity-dependent functions, also called activity-dependent plasticity. Its ability to remodel itself forms the basis of the brain’s capacity to retain memories, improve motor function, and enhance comprehension and speech amongst other things. It is this trait to retain and form memories that is functionally linked to plasticity and therefore many of the functions individuals perform on a daily basis. This plasticity is the result of changed gene expression that occurs because of organized cellular mechanisms.The brain’s ability to adapt toward active functions has allowed humans to specialize in specific processes based on relative use and activity. For example, a right-handed person may perform any movement poorly with his/her left hand but continuous practice with the less dominant hand can make both hands just as able. Another example is if someone was born with a neurological disorder such as autism or had a stroke that resulted in a disorder, then they are capable of retrieving much of their lost function by practicing and “rewiring” the brain in order to incorporate these lost manners. Thanks to the pioneers within this field, many of these advances have become available to most people and many more will continue to arrive as new features of plasticity are discovered.
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