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Hippocampus, hippocampal sclerosis and epilepsy
Hippocampus, hippocampal sclerosis and epilepsy

... Krzysztof Sendrowski, Wojciech Sobaniec Department of Pediatric Neurology and Rehabilitation of the Medical University of Bia³ystok, J. Waszyngtona 17, ...
The horizontal brain slice preparation: a novel approach for
The horizontal brain slice preparation: a novel approach for

... The first step for preparing the horizontal brain slice brain preparation is equivalent to the whole brain preparation described by Wu et al. (1996) and Pratt and Aizenman (2007). For this, tadpoles are anesthetized in Steinberg’s solution containing 0.02% MS-222, moved to the recording dish, and pi ...
OPIATES
OPIATES

... either through injury or illness. These specialized nerves, which are located throughout the body, carry the pain message to the spinal cord. After reaching the spinal cord, the message is relayed to other neurons, some of which carry it to the brain. Opiates help to relieve pain by acting in both t ...
Chapter 02 - Neurons and Glia
Chapter 02 - Neurons and Glia

... to the axon terminals; it is also taken up by axon terminals at the site of injection and transported retrogradely to the cells that project to the injected site.) 2) How is the HRP visualized? (By use of a chemical reaction.) 3) How do the herpes virus or rabies virus use retrograde transport to th ...
Opiates: The Brain`s Response To Drugs
Opiates: The Brain`s Response To Drugs

... There are several areas in the brain that are involved in interpreting pain messages and in subjective responses to pain. These brain regions are what allow a person to know he or she is experiencing pain and that it is unpleasant. Opiates also act in these brain regions, but they do not block the p ...
General anatomy [edit]
General anatomy [edit]

... The most medial part of the medulla is the posterior median fissure. Moving laterally on each side is the fasciculus gracilis, and lateral to that is the fasciculus cuneatus. Superior to each of these, and directly inferior to the obex, are the gracile and cuneate tubercles, respectively. Underlying ...
The Nervous System
The Nervous System

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An Introduction to the ANS and Higher
An Introduction to the ANS and Higher

... • Swollen segment packed with neurotransmitter vesicles • Pass along or near surface of effector cells • No specialized postsynaptic membranes • Membrane receptors on surfaces of target cells ...
The Science of Psychology
The Science of Psychology

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Neuroscience: Science of the Brain
Neuroscience: Science of the Brain

... The brain described in our booklet can do a lot but not everything. It has nerve cells - its building blocks - and these are connected together in networks. These networks are in a constant state of electrical and chemical activity. The brain we describe can see and feel. It can sense pain and its c ...
PNS Terminology
PNS Terminology

... -non-inherited cases have implicating factors -buildup in the synaptic cleft of the NT glutamate – released by motor neurons because the gene controlling the recycling of this NT is mutated -excess glutamate causes motor neuron malfunction and death -drug – riluzole – may help by reducing damage to ...
The visual cortex - Neuroscience Network Basel
The visual cortex - Neuroscience Network Basel

... represents the temporal half of the visual field of that eye and vice versa). Lesions in the visual projection give rise to characteristic visual field deficits. In rodents the projection is crossed 85-90%, in reptils and birds close to 100%. There are additional CNS nuclei receiving direct retinal ...
Chapter 2 Functional Neuroanatomy
Chapter 2 Functional Neuroanatomy

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Brain Fun and Exploration for Kids
Brain Fun and Exploration for Kids

... Downloadable lesson plans and overheads, students create a giant synapse and act out communication at the neural level by behaving as vesicles, neurotransmitters, receptors, secondary messengers and transporters. http://teach.genetics.utah.edu/content/addiction/pompom.html Students visualize how an ...
Functional Brain Changes Following Cognitive and Motor Skills
Functional Brain Changes Following Cognitive and Motor Skills

... Although several qualitative reviews of studies examining functional brain changes associated with training have been published,2-8 we are aware of only 1 review9 that has used quantitative meta-analytic methods. Previous reviews have revealed both increases and decreases in activity across multiple ...
Artificial Intelligence Methods
Artificial Intelligence Methods

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M555 Medical Neuroscience
M555 Medical Neuroscience

... motor cortex/corticospinal tract plus other sites cerebral cortex white matter of cerebral hemisphere - cortical connections - ...
Proceedings from the 2015 UK-Korea Neuroscience Symposium
Proceedings from the 2015 UK-Korea Neuroscience Symposium

... Spontaneous neurotransmitter release is a core element of synaptic communication in mature neurons, but little is known of its function during neuronal development. Using genetically encoded reporters of presynaptic release, we found that developing axons exhibit exceptionally high levels of spontan ...
Supplement to: Modulation of Intracortical Synaptic Potentials by
Supplement to: Modulation of Intracortical Synaptic Potentials by

... distinct types: graded and action potential dependent. Graded transmission does not require the generation of action potentials, but rather operates through tonic synaptic vesicle release, the rate of which is modified by changes in the membrane potential of the presynaptic terminal (for review see5 ...
Short-Lasting Classical Conditioning Induces
Short-Lasting Classical Conditioning Induces

... al. (1990) and Recanzone et al. (1992a) described topographical reorganizations of hand representations in the SI cortices of monkeys trained in regulated finger contact or frequency discrimination behavioral tasks. Hand and Hand (1995) reported that the area of 2DG labeling of cortical functional r ...
Supplement: Modulation of Intracortical Synaptic Potentials by
Supplement: Modulation of Intracortical Synaptic Potentials by

... distinct types: graded and action potential dependent. Graded transmission does not require the generation of action potentials, but rather operates through tonic synaptic vesicle release, the rate of which is modified by changes in the membrane potential of the presynaptic terminal (for review see5 ...
Action potential - Scranton Prep Biology
Action potential - Scranton Prep Biology

... – others inhibit a receiving cell’s activity by decreasing its ability to develop action potentials. ...
The Binding Problem
The Binding Problem

... Background There are few, if any, places in the nervous system where all the information necessary to carry out a particular task is localized. This means that sensory, cognitive and motor processes result from parallel interactions among large populations o neurons in different regions of the brain ...
Bioinspired Computing Lecture 5
Bioinspired Computing Lecture 5

... over a population of neurons. Population coding schemes, in which many neurons represent the same information, would therefore be the norm in those networks. Experiments on various brain systems find either coding systems, and in some cases, combinations of temporal and rate coding are found. lectur ...
PDF
PDF

... channel opening decreases the input membrane resistance inducing “shunting inhibition” (see Andersen et al., 1980; Staley and Mody, 1992; Tang et al., 2011; Wright et al., 2011) that lowers the neuron’s firing probability. Therefore, a weakly depolarizing GABA may exert an inhibitory effect. In contr ...
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Activity-dependent plasticity

A defining feature of the brain is its capacity to undergo changes based on activity-dependent functions, also called activity-dependent plasticity. Its ability to remodel itself forms the basis of the brain’s capacity to retain memories, improve motor function, and enhance comprehension and speech amongst other things. It is this trait to retain and form memories that is functionally linked to plasticity and therefore many of the functions individuals perform on a daily basis. This plasticity is the result of changed gene expression that occurs because of organized cellular mechanisms.The brain’s ability to adapt toward active functions has allowed humans to specialize in specific processes based on relative use and activity. For example, a right-handed person may perform any movement poorly with his/her left hand but continuous practice with the less dominant hand can make both hands just as able. Another example is if someone was born with a neurological disorder such as autism or had a stroke that resulted in a disorder, then they are capable of retrieving much of their lost function by practicing and “rewiring” the brain in order to incorporate these lost manners. Thanks to the pioneers within this field, many of these advances have become available to most people and many more will continue to arrive as new features of plasticity are discovered.
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