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MUSCLE ORIGIN/INSERTION ACTION INNERVATION
MUSCLE ORIGIN/INSERTION ACTION INNERVATION

... Pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve via pharyngeal plexus ...
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... Microencephaly: decreased brain volume Most common; due to chromosomal abnormalities, fetal alcohol syndrome, HIV acquired in utero Neurons and glial cells that form the cerebral cortex migrate to cortex guided by adhesion molecules, cortical development entails the generatio of stem cells and their ...
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... body will cause this kind of potential.” You immediately know the answer is an ______ postsynaptic potential. A) afferent B) efferent C) inhibitory D) excitatory E) autonomic ___ 17. An action potential has just sped down one of your efferent neurons in order to jerk your hand off the hot stove. Bef ...
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... Department of Histology and Embryology, P. J. Šafárik University, Medical Faculty, Košice ...
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... surrounded by columnar epithelial cells There are 400 types of olfactory receptor proteins Odorant molecules enter the nasal cavity as gases, dissolve in watery fluids, and then bind to the receptors in different patterns Stimulated olfactory receptors cells send nerve impulses along their axons whi ...
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Organization of the Nervous System and Motor unit BY

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Chapter 11-自律神經及體運動神經系統檔案
Chapter 11-自律神經及體運動神經系統檔案

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Chapter 11-自律神經及體運動神經系統檔案
Chapter 11-自律神經及體運動神經系統檔案

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Chapter 48: Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling Reading Guide 48.1
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... and deteriorate. How would this affect nervous system function? 48.4 Neurons communicate with other cells at synapses 20. When the wave of depolarization arrives at the synaptic terminal, calcium ion channels open. What occurs to the synaptic vesicles as Ca2+ level increases? 21. What is contained w ...
Chapter 48: Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling Reading Guide 48.1
Chapter 48: Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling Reading Guide 48.1

... and deteriorate. How would this affect nervous system function? 48.4 Neurons communicate with other cells at synapses 20. When the wave of depolarization arrives at the synaptic terminal, calcium ion channels open. What occurs to the synaptic vesicles as Ca2+ level increases? 21. What is contained w ...
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... mation from NFL-/- axons in the earlier stage of neuropathogenesis during which microglia are inhibited [3]. The role of NG2 cells in neuronal networks of adult brain is not yet known. Studies have shown that NG2 cells proliferate in response to loss of myelin or oligodendrocytes, as seen in the whi ...
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... What part of the system carries signals from the brain to the body? From the hologram, you learn about a part of the nervous system that is involved in speech, movement, and experiencing pleasure and pain. What is this part? From the hologram, you learn that the body contains a network of nerves tha ...
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... and decision making. Near the back of the head, beneath the cerebrum, is the cerebellum. The cerebellum coordinates and balances the actions of the voluntary muscles. It makes your muscles move smooth and helps you keep your balance. Bundles of nerves from the cerebrum and cerebellum come together a ...
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...  Electrical impulses carried along the length of axons  Always the same regardless of stimulus  The underlying functional feature of the nervous ...
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... muscles, for example, increase their output when the mood of the crayfish changes, and this niakes the animal more alert and ready to respond. However, some specific motor fibers are inhibited by the same mood change. For instance, switching to the defensive mood causes the muscles moving the eyecup ...
Chapter 3
Chapter 3

... neurons and affect other neurons by their occupation of receptors on their surface. Neurotransmitters mediate their effects by their occupation of receptors at a postsynaptic cell (of a neuron or muscle cell) that is a very short distance from the site of release. Classically, neurotransmitters are ...
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Chap 14b Powerpoint
Chap 14b Powerpoint

... The corpus callosum is one of the three important groups of commissural tracts (the other two being the anterior and posterior commissures) – it is a thick band of axons that connects corresponding areas of the two hemispheres.  Through the corpus callosum, the left motor cortex (which controls th ...
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Neuroregeneration

Neuroregeneration refers to the regrowth or repair of nervous tissues, cells or cell products. Such mechanisms may include generation of new neurons, glia, axons, myelin, or synapses. Neuroregeneration differs between the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the central nervous system (CNS) by the functional mechanisms and especially the extent and speed. When an axon is damaged, the distal segment undergoes Wallerian degeneration, losing its myelin sheath. The proximal segment can either die by apoptosis or undergo the chromatolytic reaction, which is an attempt at repair. In the CNS, synaptic stripping occurs as glial foot processes invade the dead synapse.Nervous system injuries affect over 90,000 people every year. It is estimated that spinal cord injuries alone affect 10,000 each year. As a result of this high incidence of neurological injuries, nerve regeneration and repair, a subfield of neural tissue engineering, is becoming a rapidly growing field dedicated to the discovery of new ways to recover nerve functionality after injury. The nervous system is divided into two parts: the central nervous system, which consists of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system, which consists of cranial and spinal nerves along with their associated ganglia. While the peripheral nervous system has an intrinsic ability for repair and regeneration, the central nervous system is, for the most part, incapable of self-repair and regeneration. There is currently no treatment for recovering human nerve function after injury to the central nervous system. In addition, multiple attempts at nerve re-growth across the PNS-CNS transition have not been successful. There is simply not enough knowledge about regeneration in the central nervous system. In addition, although the peripheral nervous system has the capability for regeneration, much research still needs to be done to optimize the environment for maximum regrowth potential. Neuroregeneration is important clinically, as it is part of the pathogenesis of many diseases, including multiple sclerosis.
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