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chapter3Weiten
chapter3Weiten

... to Neural Networks One neuron, signals from thousands of other neurons  Requires integration of signals ...
潓慭潴敳獮牯⁹祓瑳浥
潓慭潴敳獮牯⁹祓瑳浥

... process that divides into two processes a short distance from the cell, in a T-shaped configuration. One of these two processes travels to the receptor organs of the periphery, giving off numerous collateral branches along the way, so that a single ganglion cell receives input from multiple receptor ...
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PART IV: INTEGRATION AND CONTROL OF THE HUMAN BODY
PART IV: INTEGRATION AND CONTROL OF THE HUMAN BODY

... 18.3 Senses of Taste and Smell Taste and smell are called chemical senses because their receptors are sensitive to molecules in the food we eat and the air we breathe. Sense of Taste The sensory receptors for the sense of taste, the taste cells, are located in taste buds. Different taste cells can d ...
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BIOL241TasteTouchNS14AUG2012

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Ch. 48 - Ltcconline.net

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[j26]Chapter 7#

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... an imbalance of positive and negative charges across the membrane  Sodium-potassium pumps pump Na+ out of the axon and K+ into the axon. Three Na+ are pumped out of the neuron and two K+ are pumped into the neuron. This creates a concentration gradient of Na+ (outside to in) and of K+ (inside to ou ...
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Neuroregeneration

Neuroregeneration refers to the regrowth or repair of nervous tissues, cells or cell products. Such mechanisms may include generation of new neurons, glia, axons, myelin, or synapses. Neuroregeneration differs between the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the central nervous system (CNS) by the functional mechanisms and especially the extent and speed. When an axon is damaged, the distal segment undergoes Wallerian degeneration, losing its myelin sheath. The proximal segment can either die by apoptosis or undergo the chromatolytic reaction, which is an attempt at repair. In the CNS, synaptic stripping occurs as glial foot processes invade the dead synapse.Nervous system injuries affect over 90,000 people every year. It is estimated that spinal cord injuries alone affect 10,000 each year. As a result of this high incidence of neurological injuries, nerve regeneration and repair, a subfield of neural tissue engineering, is becoming a rapidly growing field dedicated to the discovery of new ways to recover nerve functionality after injury. The nervous system is divided into two parts: the central nervous system, which consists of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system, which consists of cranial and spinal nerves along with their associated ganglia. While the peripheral nervous system has an intrinsic ability for repair and regeneration, the central nervous system is, for the most part, incapable of self-repair and regeneration. There is currently no treatment for recovering human nerve function after injury to the central nervous system. In addition, multiple attempts at nerve re-growth across the PNS-CNS transition have not been successful. There is simply not enough knowledge about regeneration in the central nervous system. In addition, although the peripheral nervous system has the capability for regeneration, much research still needs to be done to optimize the environment for maximum regrowth potential. Neuroregeneration is important clinically, as it is part of the pathogenesis of many diseases, including multiple sclerosis.
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