Ativity 13 - PCC - Portland Community College
... higher in the cord than the relevant synapse including the brain itself. • The purpose of testing reflexes is to check the integrity of the system as a whole. • An absent reflex indicates a problem somewhere in the reflex arc but it does not tell you where. ...
... higher in the cord than the relevant synapse including the brain itself. • The purpose of testing reflexes is to check the integrity of the system as a whole. • An absent reflex indicates a problem somewhere in the reflex arc but it does not tell you where. ...
Peripheral Nervous System
... If peripheral axons severed, they grow back because: - axons and associated myelin break down - axonal and myelin debri, removed by surviving Schwann cells and macrophages. ...
... If peripheral axons severed, they grow back because: - axons and associated myelin break down - axonal and myelin debri, removed by surviving Schwann cells and macrophages. ...
The Nervous System
... important compounds that exert their effects at cholinergic synapses. Their sites of activity are indicated in Figure A-26. Botulinus toxin is responsible for the primary symptom of botulism, a widespread paralysis of skeletal muscles. Botulinus toxin blocks the release of ACh at the presynaptic mem ...
... important compounds that exert their effects at cholinergic synapses. Their sites of activity are indicated in Figure A-26. Botulinus toxin is responsible for the primary symptom of botulism, a widespread paralysis of skeletal muscles. Botulinus toxin blocks the release of ACh at the presynaptic mem ...
Regulation of breathing
... Chemical regulation of respiration The activity of the respiratory centers is regulated by the O2, CO2 and H+ content of the blood. Carbon dioxide and H+ are most important. CO2 dissolves in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) which bathes receptors sensitive to H+ on the ventral aspect of the medulla. Sti ...
... Chemical regulation of respiration The activity of the respiratory centers is regulated by the O2, CO2 and H+ content of the blood. Carbon dioxide and H+ are most important. CO2 dissolves in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) which bathes receptors sensitive to H+ on the ventral aspect of the medulla. Sti ...
a spiking stretch receptor with central cell bodies in the uropod
... The muscles surrounding the uropod coxopodite proprioceptor have been numbered 1-5 for reference (Fig. 1). Muscle no. 1 is a uropod-telson flexor muscle. It is inserted ventrally on a tergite located alongside the anterior rim of the uropod coxopodite, and it arises from the posterior side of a part ...
... The muscles surrounding the uropod coxopodite proprioceptor have been numbered 1-5 for reference (Fig. 1). Muscle no. 1 is a uropod-telson flexor muscle. It is inserted ventrally on a tergite located alongside the anterior rim of the uropod coxopodite, and it arises from the posterior side of a part ...
Primary motor cortex (M1)
... • Internal models adapt when there is a discrepancy between expected and actual sensory feedback. • In amputation, internal models must adapt in response to very large errors. ...
... • Internal models adapt when there is a discrepancy between expected and actual sensory feedback. • In amputation, internal models must adapt in response to very large errors. ...
CDKL5 UK study
... testis-‐specific isoform and that the full-‐length, brain-‐expressed transcript remains to be identified. The study by Williamson et al. (2012) suggests that the only tissue that expresses CDKL5 ...
... testis-‐specific isoform and that the full-‐length, brain-‐expressed transcript remains to be identified. The study by Williamson et al. (2012) suggests that the only tissue that expresses CDKL5 ...
Chapter 13: Recognizing Different Sports Injuries
... inflamed with repetitive movement Causes pain on movement, swelling, some warmth, and crepitus (cracking or crunching upon palpation) Rest is most important aspect to treatment (2 weeks) Most common types of tendonitis are at the Achilles and patella ...
... inflamed with repetitive movement Causes pain on movement, swelling, some warmth, and crepitus (cracking or crunching upon palpation) Rest is most important aspect to treatment (2 weeks) Most common types of tendonitis are at the Achilles and patella ...
Ch 48-49 Reading Guide
... 4. Define a membrane potential and a resting potential. 5. Describe the factors that contribute to a membrane potential. 6. Explain the role of the sodium-potassium pump in maintaining the resting potential. 7. Explain how the Nernst equation may be used to calculate EK, the equilibrium potential fo ...
... 4. Define a membrane potential and a resting potential. 5. Describe the factors that contribute to a membrane potential. 6. Explain the role of the sodium-potassium pump in maintaining the resting potential. 7. Explain how the Nernst equation may be used to calculate EK, the equilibrium potential fo ...
Special Seminar Dynamic Control of Dentritic Excitability During Hippocampal Rhythmic Activity
... Dendrites of pyramidal neurons receive about 50000 excitatory and inhibitory synapses. Our lab studies how dendrites integrate synaptic input and transform it into action potential output. Hippocampal theta rhythm is important for encoding and retrieval of memories. During hippocampal theta episodes ...
... Dendrites of pyramidal neurons receive about 50000 excitatory and inhibitory synapses. Our lab studies how dendrites integrate synaptic input and transform it into action potential output. Hippocampal theta rhythm is important for encoding and retrieval of memories. During hippocampal theta episodes ...
Unit 2 Notes
... Increases or decreases the activity of that cell, depending on the effect of the original neurotransmitter (excitatory or inhibitory) ...
... Increases or decreases the activity of that cell, depending on the effect of the original neurotransmitter (excitatory or inhibitory) ...
Autonomic Nervous System
... Figure 16–9 Summary: The Anatomical Differences between the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions. ...
... Figure 16–9 Summary: The Anatomical Differences between the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions. ...
Neurotransmitter Parameter Definitions
... Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain which is necessary for memory and learning. In fact, it is believed that 70% of the fast excitatory CNS synapses utilize glutamate as a transmitter. Excitatory neurotransmitters increase the activity of signal-receiving neurons and play ...
... Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain which is necessary for memory and learning. In fact, it is believed that 70% of the fast excitatory CNS synapses utilize glutamate as a transmitter. Excitatory neurotransmitters increase the activity of signal-receiving neurons and play ...
Nervous System - Fort Bend ISD
... What happens at the end of the axon? Impulse has to jump the synapse! ...
... What happens at the end of the axon? Impulse has to jump the synapse! ...
the electron microscopic localization of
... the uptake of 14C-labeled acetylcholine by intact Periplaneta nerve cords, and have demonstrated not only that this substance does penetrate rapidly into the central nervous system, encountering no well defined peripheral diffusion barrier, but also that it is rapidly metabolized on entry. In the pr ...
... the uptake of 14C-labeled acetylcholine by intact Periplaneta nerve cords, and have demonstrated not only that this substance does penetrate rapidly into the central nervous system, encountering no well defined peripheral diffusion barrier, but also that it is rapidly metabolized on entry. In the pr ...
Long Term Potentiation
... Long term potentiation (Figure 1) is an experimental method in which axons coming from one part of a rat's hippocampal formation, the entorhinal cortex, are stimulated many times in rapid succession, which leads to an increase in activity in another part of the hippocampal formation, the dentate gyr ...
... Long term potentiation (Figure 1) is an experimental method in which axons coming from one part of a rat's hippocampal formation, the entorhinal cortex, are stimulated many times in rapid succession, which leads to an increase in activity in another part of the hippocampal formation, the dentate gyr ...
chapter_1
... The neuron activity is an all-or-nothing process, ie., the activation of the neuron is binary. A certain fixed number of synapses (>1) must be excited within a period of latent addition for a neuron to be excited. The only significant delay within the nervous system is synaptic delay. The activity o ...
... The neuron activity is an all-or-nothing process, ie., the activation of the neuron is binary. A certain fixed number of synapses (>1) must be excited within a period of latent addition for a neuron to be excited. The only significant delay within the nervous system is synaptic delay. The activity o ...
text - Systems Neuroscience Course, MEDS 371, Univ. Conn. Health
... they receive little or no inhibitory input. The result is that they drive excitatory outflow from the sympathetic pre- and postganglionic neurons that project in the cardiac nerves to the heart. This sympathetic excitation induces the SA node to drive the heart rate faster and the heart muscle to c ...
... they receive little or no inhibitory input. The result is that they drive excitatory outflow from the sympathetic pre- and postganglionic neurons that project in the cardiac nerves to the heart. This sympathetic excitation induces the SA node to drive the heart rate faster and the heart muscle to c ...
Alan Ruttenberg
... species brain structures into FMA • Review and condensation of proposed set of relations to core set – ...
... species brain structures into FMA • Review and condensation of proposed set of relations to core set – ...
Action Potential - Angelo State University
... charges or a voltage across the plasmalemma. 2. If the membrane potential becomes more positive in response to stimuli, it is said to be depolarized, i.e., going from 70mV to -55mV or to +30mV 3. If the membrane potential moves, becomes more negative in response to stimuli, it is said to be hyperpol ...
... charges or a voltage across the plasmalemma. 2. If the membrane potential becomes more positive in response to stimuli, it is said to be depolarized, i.e., going from 70mV to -55mV or to +30mV 3. If the membrane potential moves, becomes more negative in response to stimuli, it is said to be hyperpol ...
neurons
... often, but it does not affect the action potentials strength or speed. Intensity of an action potential remains the same throughout the length of the axon. ...
... often, but it does not affect the action potentials strength or speed. Intensity of an action potential remains the same throughout the length of the axon. ...
Neuromuscular junction
A neuromuscular junction (sometimes called a myoneural junction) is a junction between nerve and muscle; it is a chemical synapse formed by the contact between the presynaptic terminal of a motor neuron and the postsynaptic membrane of a muscle fiber. It is at the neuromuscular junction that a motor neuron is able to transmit a signal to the muscle fiber, causing muscle contraction.Muscles require innervation to function—and even just to maintain muscle tone, avoiding atrophy. Synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction begins when an action potential reaches the presynaptic terminal of a motor neuron, which activates voltage-dependent calcium channels to allow calcium ions to enter the neuron. Calcium ions bind to sensor proteins (synaptotagmin) on synaptic vesicles, triggering vesicle fusion with the cell membrane and subsequent neurotransmitter release from the motor neuron into the synaptic cleft. In vertebrates, motor neurons release acetylcholine (ACh), a small molecule neurotransmitter, which diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on the cell membrane of the muscle fiber, also known as the sarcolemma. nAChRs are ionotropic receptors, meaning they serve as ligand-gated ion channels. The binding of ACh to the receptor can depolarize the muscle fiber, causing a cascade that eventually results in muscle contraction.Neuromuscular junction diseases can be of genetic and autoimmune origin. Genetic disorders, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, can arise from mutated structural proteins that comprise the neuromuscular junction, whereas autoimmune diseases, such as myasthenia gravis, occur when antibodies are produced against nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on the sarcolemma.