Chapter 3 Editable Lecture Notecards
... a weaker stimulus does not produce a weaker action potential. If the neuron receives a stimulus of sufficient strength, it fires, but if it receives a weaker stimulus, it doesn’t. This is referred to as the “all-or-none law.” ...
... a weaker stimulus does not produce a weaker action potential. If the neuron receives a stimulus of sufficient strength, it fires, but if it receives a weaker stimulus, it doesn’t. This is referred to as the “all-or-none law.” ...
Optic Nerves * Jack Baesman
... #7: Facial Nerve By Lauren Sayers • Location: Arises from the lower part of the pons + emerges on the sides of the face. • Function: Sensory fibers transmit impulses associated with taste receptors of the anterior tongue. Motor fibers transmit impulses to muscles of facial expression/tear/salivary ...
... #7: Facial Nerve By Lauren Sayers • Location: Arises from the lower part of the pons + emerges on the sides of the face. • Function: Sensory fibers transmit impulses associated with taste receptors of the anterior tongue. Motor fibers transmit impulses to muscles of facial expression/tear/salivary ...
Stochastic Model of Central Synapses: Slow Diffusion of Transmitter
... A detailed mathematical analysis of the diffusion process of neurotransmitter inside the synaptic cleft is presented and the spatio-temporal concentration profile is calculated. Using information about the experimentally observed time course of glutamate in the cleft the effective diffusion coeffici ...
... A detailed mathematical analysis of the diffusion process of neurotransmitter inside the synaptic cleft is presented and the spatio-temporal concentration profile is calculated. Using information about the experimentally observed time course of glutamate in the cleft the effective diffusion coeffici ...
Spinal Cord and reflexes lab
... 2. Sensory neuron – transmits the afferent impulse to the CNS 3. Integration center in the CNS where the sensory information is received and transferred to motor neurons. 4. Motor neuron – conducts efferent impulses from the integration center to an effector 5. Effector – muscle fiber or gland that ...
... 2. Sensory neuron – transmits the afferent impulse to the CNS 3. Integration center in the CNS where the sensory information is received and transferred to motor neurons. 4. Motor neuron – conducts efferent impulses from the integration center to an effector 5. Effector – muscle fiber or gland that ...
Stereological estimation of dendritic coverage in the capybara SCG
... (five ~2-year-old animals weighing on average ~ 56kg), which were the same animals used by Loesch et al. [11]. To identify SY-positive axon varicosities making synapses on dendrites a rabbit polyclonal antibody to SY (A010: DAKO, Glostrup, Denmark) was utilised using the pre-embedding electron-immun ...
... (five ~2-year-old animals weighing on average ~ 56kg), which were the same animals used by Loesch et al. [11]. To identify SY-positive axon varicosities making synapses on dendrites a rabbit polyclonal antibody to SY (A010: DAKO, Glostrup, Denmark) was utilised using the pre-embedding electron-immun ...
An Overview on the Physiologic Anatomy of the Autonomic Nervous
... “fight-or-flight” reactions and during exercise. 9 The parasympathetic system is predominant during quiet conditions (“rest and digest”). As such, the physiological effects caused by each system are quite predictable. 9 In other words, all of the changes in organ and tissue function induced by the s ...
... “fight-or-flight” reactions and during exercise. 9 The parasympathetic system is predominant during quiet conditions (“rest and digest”). As such, the physiological effects caused by each system are quite predictable. 9 In other words, all of the changes in organ and tissue function induced by the s ...
Neurotransmitter Function
... Once enough action potentials reach the terminal button, transmitter is released. Ca++ (calcium) channels open in the membrane Ca++ enters and fuses with the synaptic vesicles that are docked to the membrane Vesicles then release neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft Neurotransmitter cr ...
... Once enough action potentials reach the terminal button, transmitter is released. Ca++ (calcium) channels open in the membrane Ca++ enters and fuses with the synaptic vesicles that are docked to the membrane Vesicles then release neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft Neurotransmitter cr ...
CH 8 Nervous System - Belle Vernon Area School District
... B. influences emotions, motivation and mood. C. is functionally associated with the hypothalamus. D. initiates responses necessary for survival, such as hunger and thirst. E. has all of these properties. ...
... B. influences emotions, motivation and mood. C. is functionally associated with the hypothalamus. D. initiates responses necessary for survival, such as hunger and thirst. E. has all of these properties. ...
The Nervous System
... number of processes that extend from the cell body of the neuron (fig. 7.4). Pseudounipolar neurons have a single short process that branches like a T to form a pair of longer processes. They are called pseudounipolar (from the Late Latin pseudo = false) because, although they originate with two pro ...
... number of processes that extend from the cell body of the neuron (fig. 7.4). Pseudounipolar neurons have a single short process that branches like a T to form a pair of longer processes. They are called pseudounipolar (from the Late Latin pseudo = false) because, although they originate with two pro ...
Physiology of muscles and nerves
... (1) Passive outward diffusion of K+ ions (diffusion potential) (figure 4.2) which alone is responsible for about 95% of RMP than will the inward diffusion of Na+ ions. This is because the permeability of the membrane to K+ ions is 100 times more than Na+ channels. This outward diffusion of K+ will c ...
... (1) Passive outward diffusion of K+ ions (diffusion potential) (figure 4.2) which alone is responsible for about 95% of RMP than will the inward diffusion of Na+ ions. This is because the permeability of the membrane to K+ ions is 100 times more than Na+ channels. This outward diffusion of K+ will c ...
Hebbian Learning with Winner Take All for
... consequently we should encourage this by increasing the synaptic weight. And if the presynaptic spike occurs after the postsynaptic spike, then we reduce the weight of the synapse since there was no cause and effect in this case. STDP can be used for inhibitory or excitatory neurons. The above algor ...
... consequently we should encourage this by increasing the synaptic weight. And if the presynaptic spike occurs after the postsynaptic spike, then we reduce the weight of the synapse since there was no cause and effect in this case. STDP can be used for inhibitory or excitatory neurons. The above algor ...
Do Now 03/03-04 - Ed White Anatomy and Physiology
... the release of a neurotransmitter. If that neurotransmitter increases the chances of an action potential, we call it excitatory. If it decreases the chances, we call in inhibitory. ...
... the release of a neurotransmitter. If that neurotransmitter increases the chances of an action potential, we call it excitatory. If it decreases the chances, we call in inhibitory. ...
Lecture 2: The Spinal Cord
... The ratio of white matter to gray matter increases from caudal to rostral ...
... The ratio of white matter to gray matter increases from caudal to rostral ...
Action Potential Riddle Quiz
... Potential Riddle Quiz”. Write your NAME, DATE & PERIOD in the top right! For the 10 questions of the quiz, you will see screens for 30 secs. with “riddles” about Action Potentials. Write JUST THE ANSWER to the riddle next to the number (do NOT have to write complete sentences)! When finished, turn y ...
... Potential Riddle Quiz”. Write your NAME, DATE & PERIOD in the top right! For the 10 questions of the quiz, you will see screens for 30 secs. with “riddles” about Action Potentials. Write JUST THE ANSWER to the riddle next to the number (do NOT have to write complete sentences)! When finished, turn y ...
cranial nerves & pns
... • The chief ganglia involved in the autonomic nervous system form two lines running down either side of the spinal column. They are outside the bony vertebrae. These two lines of ganglia outside the column resemble a pair of long beaded cords. At the lower end, the two cords join and finish in a si ...
... • The chief ganglia involved in the autonomic nervous system form two lines running down either side of the spinal column. They are outside the bony vertebrae. These two lines of ganglia outside the column resemble a pair of long beaded cords. At the lower end, the two cords join and finish in a si ...
Dysphagia in the Elderly
... Inflammatory disease: Guillain-Barre syndrome Metabolic disorders: diabetes mellitus, etc. 4. Neuromuscular junction disorders and myogenic disorder Myasthenia gravis, muscular dystrophy ...
... Inflammatory disease: Guillain-Barre syndrome Metabolic disorders: diabetes mellitus, etc. 4. Neuromuscular junction disorders and myogenic disorder Myasthenia gravis, muscular dystrophy ...
A & P 240: Overview of the Human Nervous System
... 3. Therefore, SYNAPSES include NNJ’s; NMJ’s; and NGJ’s. 4. At a synapse, there is only one-way nerve impulse conduction from a presynaptic axon to a postsynaptic unit (neuron dendrite, cell body, axon, or effector.) 5. If the postsynaptic unit is a neuron, it is an integrator. It receives signals, i ...
... 3. Therefore, SYNAPSES include NNJ’s; NMJ’s; and NGJ’s. 4. At a synapse, there is only one-way nerve impulse conduction from a presynaptic axon to a postsynaptic unit (neuron dendrite, cell body, axon, or effector.) 5. If the postsynaptic unit is a neuron, it is an integrator. It receives signals, i ...
Abstract Browser - The Journal of Neuroscience
... particularly important for consolidating declarative memories, and it has been hypothesized that newly acquired memories are transferred to long-term storage and integrated with older memories during this stage. SWS is characterized by widespread synchronous oscillations between hyperpolarized down- ...
... particularly important for consolidating declarative memories, and it has been hypothesized that newly acquired memories are transferred to long-term storage and integrated with older memories during this stage. SWS is characterized by widespread synchronous oscillations between hyperpolarized down- ...
Neuromuscular junction
A neuromuscular junction (sometimes called a myoneural junction) is a junction between nerve and muscle; it is a chemical synapse formed by the contact between the presynaptic terminal of a motor neuron and the postsynaptic membrane of a muscle fiber. It is at the neuromuscular junction that a motor neuron is able to transmit a signal to the muscle fiber, causing muscle contraction.Muscles require innervation to function—and even just to maintain muscle tone, avoiding atrophy. Synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction begins when an action potential reaches the presynaptic terminal of a motor neuron, which activates voltage-dependent calcium channels to allow calcium ions to enter the neuron. Calcium ions bind to sensor proteins (synaptotagmin) on synaptic vesicles, triggering vesicle fusion with the cell membrane and subsequent neurotransmitter release from the motor neuron into the synaptic cleft. In vertebrates, motor neurons release acetylcholine (ACh), a small molecule neurotransmitter, which diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on the cell membrane of the muscle fiber, also known as the sarcolemma. nAChRs are ionotropic receptors, meaning they serve as ligand-gated ion channels. The binding of ACh to the receptor can depolarize the muscle fiber, causing a cascade that eventually results in muscle contraction.Neuromuscular junction diseases can be of genetic and autoimmune origin. Genetic disorders, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, can arise from mutated structural proteins that comprise the neuromuscular junction, whereas autoimmune diseases, such as myasthenia gravis, occur when antibodies are produced against nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on the sarcolemma.