The Nervous System funtions and neuron
... – Cell body (contains nucleus & other organelles…no centrioles???) – Dendrites (conveys signal to cell body) – Axons (conduct messages away from cell body) – Myelin Sheath (insulation layer composed of Schwann Cells) – Synaptic Terminal (relays signals to other cells by releasing neurotransmitters) ...
... – Cell body (contains nucleus & other organelles…no centrioles???) – Dendrites (conveys signal to cell body) – Axons (conduct messages away from cell body) – Myelin Sheath (insulation layer composed of Schwann Cells) – Synaptic Terminal (relays signals to other cells by releasing neurotransmitters) ...
doc Phgy 210 Lecture 25 notes
... c) The esophageal phase – this is a strongly muscular organ. The body of the esophagus lies within the thoracic cavity. The pressure in the intrathoracic cavity is subatmospheric. Since the pressure in the pharynx is equal to atmospheric pressure, the UES must contrict so that air and saliva are not ...
... c) The esophageal phase – this is a strongly muscular organ. The body of the esophagus lies within the thoracic cavity. The pressure in the intrathoracic cavity is subatmospheric. Since the pressure in the pharynx is equal to atmospheric pressure, the UES must contrict so that air and saliva are not ...
CHAPTER 13 THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
... sheath becomes hardened and interferes with nerve conduction It is an autoimmune disease ...
... sheath becomes hardened and interferes with nerve conduction It is an autoimmune disease ...
The Nervous System Part I
... Axon terminal – small swelling at tips of branched end of an axon Synapse – region of close proximity between two neurons Presynaptic membrane – membrane of first neuron Postsynaptic membrane – membrane of next neuron Synaptic cleft – small gap between presynaptic and postsynaptic neuron Neurotrans ...
... Axon terminal – small swelling at tips of branched end of an axon Synapse – region of close proximity between two neurons Presynaptic membrane – membrane of first neuron Postsynaptic membrane – membrane of next neuron Synaptic cleft – small gap between presynaptic and postsynaptic neuron Neurotrans ...
Information Processing in the Central Nervous System
... The neuron is the primary information-processing unit of the central nervous system. Modern stereological evidence has estimated that the brain of an average-size adult male human contains some 86 billion neurons, give or take 8 billion. Of these 86 billion neurons, about 16 billion are contained wi ...
... The neuron is the primary information-processing unit of the central nervous system. Modern stereological evidence has estimated that the brain of an average-size adult male human contains some 86 billion neurons, give or take 8 billion. Of these 86 billion neurons, about 16 billion are contained wi ...
Datasheet - Creative Diagnostics
... at several sites within the central nervous system, including nerve terminals, the spinal cord, and brain, and within the sympathetic nervous system. By binding to peripheral motor neuron terminals, the toxin enters the nerve axons, and is transported across synaptic junctions to the nerve-cell body ...
... at several sites within the central nervous system, including nerve terminals, the spinal cord, and brain, and within the sympathetic nervous system. By binding to peripheral motor neuron terminals, the toxin enters the nerve axons, and is transported across synaptic junctions to the nerve-cell body ...
Lecture 4:
... Motor neurons : Also named efferent neurons: Carry messages away from the CNS (brain and/or spinal cord). ...
... Motor neurons : Also named efferent neurons: Carry messages away from the CNS (brain and/or spinal cord). ...
sensory, motor, and integrative systems
... of representation of body parts in the cerebral cortex. Some areas of representations are huge compared to other areas. In particular the hands and face have a tremendous amount of representation in the cortex. The size of cortical areas given to a particular structure is indicative of the number of ...
... of representation of body parts in the cerebral cortex. Some areas of representations are huge compared to other areas. In particular the hands and face have a tremendous amount of representation in the cortex. The size of cortical areas given to a particular structure is indicative of the number of ...
Chp 7 (part 1)
... d. each neuron will have only on Axon, but may have hundreds of dendrites e. Axon Hillock: cone-like region of cell body the lone axon arises from f. Axon Terminals: hundreds to thousands of branches at the terminal end of an Axon 1. each terminal contains a tiny vesicle or sac that contains chemica ...
... d. each neuron will have only on Axon, but may have hundreds of dendrites e. Axon Hillock: cone-like region of cell body the lone axon arises from f. Axon Terminals: hundreds to thousands of branches at the terminal end of an Axon 1. each terminal contains a tiny vesicle or sac that contains chemica ...
Introduction_to_nerv..
... mainly the membranes of Schwann cells • These membranes contain phospholipid molecules that have long fatty acids. • These prevent the movement of charged water soluble ions ...
... mainly the membranes of Schwann cells • These membranes contain phospholipid molecules that have long fatty acids. • These prevent the movement of charged water soluble ions ...
CHAPTER 4 STRUCTURE AND CELL BIOLOGY OF THE NEURON
... The cell membrane of a neuron is semipermeable. This means that some ions can go through but others cannot. The cell membrane contains specialized pores or ion channels that allow specific ions (e.g., sodium [Na+], potassium [K+], chloride [Cl-], or calcium [Ca++] to pass through under certain condi ...
... The cell membrane of a neuron is semipermeable. This means that some ions can go through but others cannot. The cell membrane contains specialized pores or ion channels that allow specific ions (e.g., sodium [Na+], potassium [K+], chloride [Cl-], or calcium [Ca++] to pass through under certain condi ...
chapt07_lecture
... e. Needed for the formation of synapses in the CNS f. Regulate neurogenesis in regions of the adult brain g. Form the blood-brain barrier h. Release transmitter molecules (gliotransmitters) that can stimulate or inhibit neurons; includes glutamate, ATP, adenosine, D-serine ...
... e. Needed for the formation of synapses in the CNS f. Regulate neurogenesis in regions of the adult brain g. Form the blood-brain barrier h. Release transmitter molecules (gliotransmitters) that can stimulate or inhibit neurons; includes glutamate, ATP, adenosine, D-serine ...
Spasticity
... Spasticity is a disabling complication of spinal cord injury or stroke. Spasticity is defined as a symptom of the upper motor neuron syndrome characterized by an exaggeration of the stretch reflex secondary to hyperexcitability of spinal reflexes. In this condition, the muscles are stiff or rigid, which ...
... Spasticity is a disabling complication of spinal cord injury or stroke. Spasticity is defined as a symptom of the upper motor neuron syndrome characterized by an exaggeration of the stretch reflex secondary to hyperexcitability of spinal reflexes. In this condition, the muscles are stiff or rigid, which ...
No Slide Title
... – in fetus, guide migrating neurons to their destination – if mature neuron is not in synaptic contact with another neuron is covered by glial cells • prevents neurons from touching each other • gives precision to conduction pathways ...
... – in fetus, guide migrating neurons to their destination – if mature neuron is not in synaptic contact with another neuron is covered by glial cells • prevents neurons from touching each other • gives precision to conduction pathways ...
Dopamine
... neurotransmitter found in the nervous systems of widely divergent species. It is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate central nervous system In vertebrates, GABA acts at inhibitory synapses in the brain. GABA acts by binding to specific transmembrane receptors in the plasma membra ...
... neurotransmitter found in the nervous systems of widely divergent species. It is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate central nervous system In vertebrates, GABA acts at inhibitory synapses in the brain. GABA acts by binding to specific transmembrane receptors in the plasma membra ...
Chapter 3
... 5. The neurotransmitters separate from the receptors. 6. The neurotransmitters are taken back into the presynaptic neuron (reuptake), diffuse away, or are inactivated by chemicals. 7. The postsynaptic cell may send negative feedback to slow the release of further neurotransmitters. ...
... 5. The neurotransmitters separate from the receptors. 6. The neurotransmitters are taken back into the presynaptic neuron (reuptake), diffuse away, or are inactivated by chemicals. 7. The postsynaptic cell may send negative feedback to slow the release of further neurotransmitters. ...
Chapter 41
... A stimulus causes changes in the permeability of the membrane and specific ion channels open or close. If the difference in charge is increased, the receptor becomes hyperpolarized. If the potential decreases, the receptor becomes depolarized. Stimulus → transduction into electrical energy → recepto ...
... A stimulus causes changes in the permeability of the membrane and specific ion channels open or close. If the difference in charge is increased, the receptor becomes hyperpolarized. If the potential decreases, the receptor becomes depolarized. Stimulus → transduction into electrical energy → recepto ...
Chapter 13 - Nervous Tissue
... CNS. They receive signals from many different neurons and perform an integrative function “decision making” to respond to the different stimuli. ...
... CNS. They receive signals from many different neurons and perform an integrative function “decision making” to respond to the different stimuli. ...
Organization of Motor Systems
... • Skeletal muscle is one of the two main forms of striated muscle: the contractile machinery is organized into the form of sarcomeres. • Each cell receives one and only one synapse from one and only one motorneuron. • Contractile activity is usually triggered by bursts of action potentials in motor ...
... • Skeletal muscle is one of the two main forms of striated muscle: the contractile machinery is organized into the form of sarcomeres. • Each cell receives one and only one synapse from one and only one motorneuron. • Contractile activity is usually triggered by bursts of action potentials in motor ...
Neuromuscular junction
A neuromuscular junction (sometimes called a myoneural junction) is a junction between nerve and muscle; it is a chemical synapse formed by the contact between the presynaptic terminal of a motor neuron and the postsynaptic membrane of a muscle fiber. It is at the neuromuscular junction that a motor neuron is able to transmit a signal to the muscle fiber, causing muscle contraction.Muscles require innervation to function—and even just to maintain muscle tone, avoiding atrophy. Synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction begins when an action potential reaches the presynaptic terminal of a motor neuron, which activates voltage-dependent calcium channels to allow calcium ions to enter the neuron. Calcium ions bind to sensor proteins (synaptotagmin) on synaptic vesicles, triggering vesicle fusion with the cell membrane and subsequent neurotransmitter release from the motor neuron into the synaptic cleft. In vertebrates, motor neurons release acetylcholine (ACh), a small molecule neurotransmitter, which diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on the cell membrane of the muscle fiber, also known as the sarcolemma. nAChRs are ionotropic receptors, meaning they serve as ligand-gated ion channels. The binding of ACh to the receptor can depolarize the muscle fiber, causing a cascade that eventually results in muscle contraction.Neuromuscular junction diseases can be of genetic and autoimmune origin. Genetic disorders, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, can arise from mutated structural proteins that comprise the neuromuscular junction, whereas autoimmune diseases, such as myasthenia gravis, occur when antibodies are produced against nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on the sarcolemma.