DNA: The Molecule of Heredity
... b. a sequence of bases within a DNA section c. points of DNA separation during protein synthesis d. tRNA codons for specific amino acids ...
... b. a sequence of bases within a DNA section c. points of DNA separation during protein synthesis d. tRNA codons for specific amino acids ...
Chromosomal evolution and speciation
... Chromosome breakage. Can occur via radiation, mutagens etc. Repeated sequences, especially transposable elements, in the DNA may frequently be involved, i.e. non-homologous recombination e.g. P- elements in Drosophila. Alu elements probably do in mammals; perhaps in us? ...
... Chromosome breakage. Can occur via radiation, mutagens etc. Repeated sequences, especially transposable elements, in the DNA may frequently be involved, i.e. non-homologous recombination e.g. P- elements in Drosophila. Alu elements probably do in mammals; perhaps in us? ...
Lecture 14: Nucleic Acids and DNA Replication
... The polynucleotidee strands of DNA are held together by hydrogen bonding between paired nucleotide bases and by van der Wall attraction between stacked bases Base pairing rules: a. A always with T b. G always with C c. In RNA, A always with U The two strands are complementary and can serve as templa ...
... The polynucleotidee strands of DNA are held together by hydrogen bonding between paired nucleotide bases and by van der Wall attraction between stacked bases Base pairing rules: a. A always with T b. G always with C c. In RNA, A always with U The two strands are complementary and can serve as templa ...
DNA_Replication 2015
... – Negative supercoiling: double helix is underwound – Positive supercoiling: double helix is overwound ...
... – Negative supercoiling: double helix is underwound – Positive supercoiling: double helix is overwound ...
PROVING THAT DNA REPLICATION IS SEMICONSERVATIVE
... When these hypotheses were first proposed, little experimental evidence was available to support one over another. In 1957, however, Messelson and Stahl, along with Jerome Vinograd, developed density-gradient centrifugation, a technique that can separate macromolecules ...
... When these hypotheses were first proposed, little experimental evidence was available to support one over another. In 1957, however, Messelson and Stahl, along with Jerome Vinograd, developed density-gradient centrifugation, a technique that can separate macromolecules ...
chromosomes
... Chromosomes may differ in the position of the Centromere, the place on the chromosome where spindle fibers are attached during cell division. In general, if the centromere is near the middle, the chromosome is metacentric If the centromere is toward one end, the chromosome is acrocentric or submetac ...
... Chromosomes may differ in the position of the Centromere, the place on the chromosome where spindle fibers are attached during cell division. In general, if the centromere is near the middle, the chromosome is metacentric If the centromere is toward one end, the chromosome is acrocentric or submetac ...
Final Examination
... 27. [3 points] In Sanger DNA sequencing, DNA is synthesized by the typical primer extension reaction. Other than this primer extension reaction and labeling of the DNA so it can be detected, what are the two key methodological steps in Sanger DNA sequencing that make it possible to use this simple p ...
... 27. [3 points] In Sanger DNA sequencing, DNA is synthesized by the typical primer extension reaction. Other than this primer extension reaction and labeling of the DNA so it can be detected, what are the two key methodological steps in Sanger DNA sequencing that make it possible to use this simple p ...
Document
... because it was more complex than DNA • Proteins were composed of 20 different amino acids in long polypeptide chains ...
... because it was more complex than DNA • Proteins were composed of 20 different amino acids in long polypeptide chains ...
Modeling Meiosis with Pop Beads
... Assemble two strands of yellow beads connected to magnetic centromeres and two strands of red beads connected to magnetic centromeres. One of the red strands represents the chromosome contribution of the female parent, and one of the yellow strands represents the chromosome contribution of the male ...
... Assemble two strands of yellow beads connected to magnetic centromeres and two strands of red beads connected to magnetic centromeres. One of the red strands represents the chromosome contribution of the female parent, and one of the yellow strands represents the chromosome contribution of the male ...
CHAPTER 14: DNA: THE GENETIC MATERIAL
... determining that it was a semiconservative process; each strand served as a template for the production of a new one and each old and new strand then intertwined to become a new helix. Double-stranded DNA replication is complicated since new nucleotides must be added to both the 5’ to 3’ strand and ...
... determining that it was a semiconservative process; each strand served as a template for the production of a new one and each old and new strand then intertwined to become a new helix. Double-stranded DNA replication is complicated since new nucleotides must be added to both the 5’ to 3’ strand and ...
Components of RNA and DNA RNA Is More Labile Than DNA
... In DNA, some of the C (and A) bases are methylated. Methylation is a slow process. Newly replicated DNA is undermethylated. Mismatch repair enzymes recognise mismatched nucleotides and remove the nucleotide in the undermethylated strand. ...
... In DNA, some of the C (and A) bases are methylated. Methylation is a slow process. Newly replicated DNA is undermethylated. Mismatch repair enzymes recognise mismatched nucleotides and remove the nucleotide in the undermethylated strand. ...
Molecular Genetics Quiz
... (4.) two pyrimidines (5.) a sugar and a phosphate molecule 11. Which statement about DNA replication is not correct? (1.) Unwinding of the DNA molecule occurs as hydrogen bonds break. (2.) Replication occurs as each base is paired with another exactly like it. (3.) The process is known as semiconser ...
... (4.) two pyrimidines (5.) a sugar and a phosphate molecule 11. Which statement about DNA replication is not correct? (1.) Unwinding of the DNA molecule occurs as hydrogen bonds break. (2.) Replication occurs as each base is paired with another exactly like it. (3.) The process is known as semiconser ...
PCR
... base pairs long) that bind to either side of the DNA of interest. This allows the specific sequence to be amplified. They are made commercially and can be ordered to match the DNA sequence of interest. b) Provide a starting point for the polymerase to begin ...
... base pairs long) that bind to either side of the DNA of interest. This allows the specific sequence to be amplified. They are made commercially and can be ordered to match the DNA sequence of interest. b) Provide a starting point for the polymerase to begin ...
212 Chapter 28 Biomolecules: Heterocycles and Nucleic Acids
... DNA replication occurs with very high fidelity: Most DNA polymerases have high intrinsic fidelity Many DNA polymerases have “proof-reading” (exonuclease) activity Mismatch repair proteins seek out and repair base-pair mismatches due to unfaithful replication 28.13 Structure and Synthesis of RNA: Tra ...
... DNA replication occurs with very high fidelity: Most DNA polymerases have high intrinsic fidelity Many DNA polymerases have “proof-reading” (exonuclease) activity Mismatch repair proteins seek out and repair base-pair mismatches due to unfaithful replication 28.13 Structure and Synthesis of RNA: Tra ...
DNA Scavenger Hunt
... DNA Scavenger Hunt Revisited You have already translated the DNA strands. Now you will look at mutations in the DNA strands and identify what has happened and how the strands have changed. Original DNA Strand 1 = GCGGACAAG (6 points) Mutated DNA Strand 1 = GGGACAAG How is the mutated strand differen ...
... DNA Scavenger Hunt Revisited You have already translated the DNA strands. Now you will look at mutations in the DNA strands and identify what has happened and how the strands have changed. Original DNA Strand 1 = GCGGACAAG (6 points) Mutated DNA Strand 1 = GGGACAAG How is the mutated strand differen ...
Chapter 16 - HCC Learning Web
... At the end of each replication bubble is a replication fork, a Y-shaped region where new DNA strands are elongating Helicases are enzymes that untwist the double helix at the replication forks Single-strand binding proteins bind to and stabilize single-stranded DNA Topoisomerase corrects “o ...
... At the end of each replication bubble is a replication fork, a Y-shaped region where new DNA strands are elongating Helicases are enzymes that untwist the double helix at the replication forks Single-strand binding proteins bind to and stabilize single-stranded DNA Topoisomerase corrects “o ...
28.3 DNA Replication Is Highly Coordinated
... Telomeres are unique structures at the ends of linear chromosomes Whereas the genomes of essentially all prokaryotes are circular, the chromosomes of human beings and other eukaryotes are linear. The free ends of linear DNA molecules introduce several complications that must be resolved by special ...
... Telomeres are unique structures at the ends of linear chromosomes Whereas the genomes of essentially all prokaryotes are circular, the chromosomes of human beings and other eukaryotes are linear. The free ends of linear DNA molecules introduce several complications that must be resolved by special ...
Document
... 75 trillion cells. • The average human has enough DNA to go from the earth to the sun more than 400 times. • DNA has a diameter of only 0.000000002 m. ...
... 75 trillion cells. • The average human has enough DNA to go from the earth to the sun more than 400 times. • DNA has a diameter of only 0.000000002 m. ...
Lecture 34, Apr 23
... starting at the 3’ end of the RNA primer. The pol III bound to the leading strand adds deoxyribonucleotides in the direction toward the continuously-opening replication fork, while the pol III bound to the lagging strand adds deoxyribonucleotides in the direction away from the replication fork. 5. T ...
... starting at the 3’ end of the RNA primer. The pol III bound to the leading strand adds deoxyribonucleotides in the direction toward the continuously-opening replication fork, while the pol III bound to the lagging strand adds deoxyribonucleotides in the direction away from the replication fork. 5. T ...
emboj2008205-sup
... 5.1 (Silicon Genetics). A complete analysis of the microarrays can be found on line at GEO ...
... 5.1 (Silicon Genetics). A complete analysis of the microarrays can be found on line at GEO ...
Biochemistry Lecture 21
... – DNA gyrase -- a topoisomerase • Relieves physical stress of unwinding ...
... – DNA gyrase -- a topoisomerase • Relieves physical stress of unwinding ...
Replication - University of Idaho
... Need an additional enzyme, Telomerase The problem is that once the primer is removed from the end of the 3’strand of DNA there is no way to replicate that section because there is not an open 3’ end for the DNA polymerase to start attaching nucleotides. The enzyme can synthesize TTGGGG repeats to t ...
... Need an additional enzyme, Telomerase The problem is that once the primer is removed from the end of the 3’strand of DNA there is no way to replicate that section because there is not an open 3’ end for the DNA polymerase to start attaching nucleotides. The enzyme can synthesize TTGGGG repeats to t ...
Chapter11 DNA复制, RNA的代谢
... DNA replication occurs just at S phase of the cell cycle and is controlled by many proteins Okazaki fragments are shorter than in Prokaryotes Replication forks run a slower speed than in Prokaryotes Two rounds of replication cannot occur at the same time Telomerase is required DNA polymerase error r ...
... DNA replication occurs just at S phase of the cell cycle and is controlled by many proteins Okazaki fragments are shorter than in Prokaryotes Replication forks run a slower speed than in Prokaryotes Two rounds of replication cannot occur at the same time Telomerase is required DNA polymerase error r ...
Telomere
A telomere is a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences at each end of a chromatid, which protects the end of the chromosome from deterioration or from fusion with neighboring chromosomes. Its name is derived from the Greek nouns telos (τέλος) 'end' and merοs (μέρος, root: μερ-) 'part.' For vertebrates, the sequence of nucleotides in telomeres is TTAGGG. This sequence of TTAGGG is repeated approximately 2,500 times in humans. During chromosome replication, the enzymes that duplicate DNA cannot continue their duplication all the way to the end of a chromosome, so in each duplication the end of the chromosome is shortened (this is because the synthesis of Okazaki fragments requires RNA primers attaching ahead on the lagging strand). The telomeres are disposable buffers at the ends of chromosomes which are truncated during cell division; their presence protects the genes before them on the chromosome from being truncated instead.Over time, due to each cell division, the telomere ends become shorter. They are replenished by an enzyme, telomerase reverse transcriptase.