atgccaatgggatc
... Base Pairing: __________ bases (a pair) make up each “___________” of the DNA ladder In base pairing: Adenine always pairs with _________________ (A-T) Cytosine always pairs with _________________ (C-G) ...
... Base Pairing: __________ bases (a pair) make up each “___________” of the DNA ladder In base pairing: Adenine always pairs with _________________ (A-T) Cytosine always pairs with _________________ (C-G) ...
DNA Quick Notes
... Proofreading- polymerase reads & corrects mistakes as it goes along, but a few do escape. Nucleotide Excision Repair (Mismatch repair)- Nuclease cuts out mismatched bases and DNA polymerase and ligase put in and bond the correct nucleotide ...
... Proofreading- polymerase reads & corrects mistakes as it goes along, but a few do escape. Nucleotide Excision Repair (Mismatch repair)- Nuclease cuts out mismatched bases and DNA polymerase and ligase put in and bond the correct nucleotide ...
DNA Structure Cornell Notes
... or thymine (THI meen). RNA also is made of nucleotides. Each RNA nucleotide contains the sugar ribose, a phosphate, and one of four nitrogenous bases—adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil (YOO ruh sihl). The figure on the left shows the structure of a nucleotide. Adenine (A) and guanine (G) are dou ...
... or thymine (THI meen). RNA also is made of nucleotides. Each RNA nucleotide contains the sugar ribose, a phosphate, and one of four nitrogenous bases—adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil (YOO ruh sihl). The figure on the left shows the structure of a nucleotide. Adenine (A) and guanine (G) are dou ...
Chapter 4.1 Notes: “DNA: The Molecule of Life”
... Write the nucleotide base sequence that complements the following DNA sequence: A T G C C A T G C --------> TAC GGT ACG ...
... Write the nucleotide base sequence that complements the following DNA sequence: A T G C C A T G C --------> TAC GGT ACG ...
d4. uses for recombinant dna
... (mutated) genes. For example, the corrected gene for the protein that causes Cystic fibrosis has been inserted into a virus that infects human lung cells. The virulent part of the virus genes has been deactivated. The virus then injects the corrected gene into the cells of the cystic fibrosis patien ...
... (mutated) genes. For example, the corrected gene for the protein that causes Cystic fibrosis has been inserted into a virus that infects human lung cells. The virulent part of the virus genes has been deactivated. The virus then injects the corrected gene into the cells of the cystic fibrosis patien ...
Document
... 1. Which one of the following nucleotide pair bonds would be found in a DNA molecule? a. adenine-guanine c. adenine-cytosine b. guanine-cytosine d. cytosine-uracil 2. The backbone of a DNA molecule is made of which two components? a. phosphate molecules and ribose sugars b. deoxyphosphate molecules ...
... 1. Which one of the following nucleotide pair bonds would be found in a DNA molecule? a. adenine-guanine c. adenine-cytosine b. guanine-cytosine d. cytosine-uracil 2. The backbone of a DNA molecule is made of which two components? a. phosphate molecules and ribose sugars b. deoxyphosphate molecules ...
1. Ribosomes are made in the . a. cell membrane d. smooth
... 6. A nucleosome is a “nuclear body” which contains histone proteins and is surrounded with approximately 150 nucleotide base pairs of DNA and separated from adjacent nucleosomes by an approximately 50 nucleotide base pair “linker.” a. True b. False Nucleosomes have become recognized as a standard o ...
... 6. A nucleosome is a “nuclear body” which contains histone proteins and is surrounded with approximately 150 nucleotide base pairs of DNA and separated from adjacent nucleosomes by an approximately 50 nucleotide base pair “linker.” a. True b. False Nucleosomes have become recognized as a standard o ...
Biotechnology and Gel Electrophoresis
... (protein that cuts DNA). A different piece of DNA can then be put in the plasmid. Ligase (enzyme) sticks the DNA together. The new DNA is placed back in the bacteria to replicate the information. The bacteria is now considered transgenetic. ...
... (protein that cuts DNA). A different piece of DNA can then be put in the plasmid. Ligase (enzyme) sticks the DNA together. The new DNA is placed back in the bacteria to replicate the information. The bacteria is now considered transgenetic. ...
chapter 11, 12, 13 practice questions
... change? What kind of mutation is this (point mutation or frameshift mutation)? F) Delete the 7th base in the original strand of DNA. How many amino acids are affected in the change? What kind of mutation is this (point mutation or frameshift mutation)? 2. Refer to Figure 11.12 on pg. 300 and describ ...
... change? What kind of mutation is this (point mutation or frameshift mutation)? F) Delete the 7th base in the original strand of DNA. How many amino acids are affected in the change? What kind of mutation is this (point mutation or frameshift mutation)? 2. Refer to Figure 11.12 on pg. 300 and describ ...
Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Transposition
... UV radiation can cause the formation of pyrimidine dimers o Ionizing radiation causes damage to the DNA, increasing mutation frequency Human Diseases o There have been many single-gene mutations that are responsible for human diseases DNA repair o There are several mechanisms depending on the organi ...
... UV radiation can cause the formation of pyrimidine dimers o Ionizing radiation causes damage to the DNA, increasing mutation frequency Human Diseases o There have been many single-gene mutations that are responsible for human diseases DNA repair o There are several mechanisms depending on the organi ...
DNA EXTRACTION
... sugar, a phosphate and a base. There are four different bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C) and thymine (T). The essential information in the genome of the cell is coded by those four bases. Prokaryotes (such as bacteria) have their DNA in the cytosol (cytoplasm). Eukaryotes (such as anima ...
... sugar, a phosphate and a base. There are four different bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C) and thymine (T). The essential information in the genome of the cell is coded by those four bases. Prokaryotes (such as bacteria) have their DNA in the cytosol (cytoplasm). Eukaryotes (such as anima ...
Gel Electrophoresis DNA Fingerprinting
... • Restriction enzyme digestion of DNA molecules. • Gel electrophoresis to separate DNA fragments of different sizes. ...
... • Restriction enzyme digestion of DNA molecules. • Gel electrophoresis to separate DNA fragments of different sizes. ...
Bio07_TR__U04_CH12.QXD
... j. process in which cells become specialized in structure and function k. the principal enzyme involved in DNA replication l. condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes ...
... j. process in which cells become specialized in structure and function k. the principal enzyme involved in DNA replication l. condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes ...
Trends in Biotechnology
... a) Get mRNA from cells, use the enzyme reverse transcriptase to make one strand of DNA from the mRNA. b) Degrade mRNA with a ribonuclease (an enzyme that breaks down RNA) or an alkaline (알칼리의) solution. c) Makes the second DNA strand with DNA polymerase. d) Add double-stranded DNA pieces, called “DN ...
... a) Get mRNA from cells, use the enzyme reverse transcriptase to make one strand of DNA from the mRNA. b) Degrade mRNA with a ribonuclease (an enzyme that breaks down RNA) or an alkaline (알칼리의) solution. c) Makes the second DNA strand with DNA polymerase. d) Add double-stranded DNA pieces, called “DN ...
DNA Technology
... stem cells (bone marrow), but they can only develop into certain types of tissue • Embryonic stem cells have the potential to help people with disabling diseases that affect tissues ...
... stem cells (bone marrow), but they can only develop into certain types of tissue • Embryonic stem cells have the potential to help people with disabling diseases that affect tissues ...
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) – What Is It and What Does It Tell Us?
... cell’s nucleus), which is contributed by both parents; the sire and dam each contribute 32 chromosomes that contain this type of DNA. A horse receives half of its nuclear DNA from the sire and the other half from the dam. Each half represents a shuffled recombination of DNA that has been passed down ...
... cell’s nucleus), which is contributed by both parents; the sire and dam each contribute 32 chromosomes that contain this type of DNA. A horse receives half of its nuclear DNA from the sire and the other half from the dam. Each half represents a shuffled recombination of DNA that has been passed down ...
Chapter 13 DNA Structure and Function Johann Friedrich Miescher
... 5. The other side is the ___________________________ - its moving away from the helicase Problem: it reaches the replication fork, but the helicase is moving in the opposite direction. It stops, and another polymerase binds farther down the chain. This process creates several fragments, called ...
... 5. The other side is the ___________________________ - its moving away from the helicase Problem: it reaches the replication fork, but the helicase is moving in the opposite direction. It stops, and another polymerase binds farther down the chain. This process creates several fragments, called ...
AP Biology - HPHSAPBIO
... 16. Explain how RNA polymerase recognizes where transcription should begin. Describe the promoter, the terminator, and the transcription unit. 17 Explain the general process of transcription, including the three major steps of initiation, elongation, and termination. 18 Explain how RNA is modified a ...
... 16. Explain how RNA polymerase recognizes where transcription should begin. Describe the promoter, the terminator, and the transcription unit. 17 Explain the general process of transcription, including the three major steps of initiation, elongation, and termination. 18 Explain how RNA is modified a ...
Chapter 13 Selective breeding is a technique of choosing specific
... polymerase (the enzyme that copies DNA) and the 4 nucleotide bases. Some of the bases have a chemical dye added to them. By reading the colored bases on the new copied strand, they can figure out the sequence on the original strand. To change it, short sequences of DNA made in the laboratory can be ...
... polymerase (the enzyme that copies DNA) and the 4 nucleotide bases. Some of the bases have a chemical dye added to them. By reading the colored bases on the new copied strand, they can figure out the sequence on the original strand. To change it, short sequences of DNA made in the laboratory can be ...
DNA repair
DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome. In human cells, both normal metabolic activities and environmental factors such as UV light and radiation can cause DNA damage, resulting in as many as 1 million individual molecular lesions per cell per day. Many of these lesions cause structural damage to the DNA molecule and can alter or eliminate the cell's ability to transcribe the gene that the affected DNA encodes. Other lesions induce potentially harmful mutations in the cell's genome, which affect the survival of its daughter cells after it undergoes mitosis. As a consequence, the DNA repair process is constantly active as it responds to damage in the DNA structure. When normal repair processes fail, and when cellular apoptosis does not occur, irreparable DNA damage may occur, including double-strand breaks and DNA crosslinkages (interstrand crosslinks or ICLs).The rate of DNA repair is dependent on many factors, including the cell type, the age of the cell, and the extracellular environment. A cell that has accumulated a large amount of DNA damage, or one that no longer effectively repairs damage incurred to its DNA, can enter one of three possible states: an irreversible state of dormancy, known as senescence cell suicide, also known as apoptosis or programmed cell death unregulated cell division, which can lead to the formation of a tumor that is cancerousThe DNA repair ability of a cell is vital to the integrity of its genome and thus to the normal functionality of that organism. Many genes that were initially shown to influence life span have turned out to be involved in DNA damage repair and protection.