Nucleolar caspase-2: Protecting us from DNA damage
... delineate two pathways of caspase-2 activation and show that, in response to DNA damage, caspase-2 forms a complex with the PIDDosome and NPM1 within the nucleolus. Caspase-2 is a critical component of the cellular machinery designed to remove damaged cells, preventing disease. Consistent with a fun ...
... delineate two pathways of caspase-2 activation and show that, in response to DNA damage, caspase-2 forms a complex with the PIDDosome and NPM1 within the nucleolus. Caspase-2 is a critical component of the cellular machinery designed to remove damaged cells, preventing disease. Consistent with a fun ...
RAD50, an SMC family member with multiple roles in DNA break
... multicellular organisms are a common precursor to cancer. Eukaryotes have two main DSB DNA repair mechanisms: nonhomologous end-joining and homologous recombination. Nonhomologous end-joining rejoins DNA breaks with little or no homology, often resulting in deletions and insertions in the genome. So ...
... multicellular organisms are a common precursor to cancer. Eukaryotes have two main DSB DNA repair mechanisms: nonhomologous end-joining and homologous recombination. Nonhomologous end-joining rejoins DNA breaks with little or no homology, often resulting in deletions and insertions in the genome. So ...
Construction of recombinant plasmid carrying the λ DNA fragment
... rec~ mutations have no apparent effect on the ability of the cells to maintain the Col E1 factor but can prevent the spontaneous and induced production of colicine. These mutations do not affect the expression of immunity of Col fac20 tor . If the expression of some function from colicine gene promo ...
... rec~ mutations have no apparent effect on the ability of the cells to maintain the Col E1 factor but can prevent the spontaneous and induced production of colicine. These mutations do not affect the expression of immunity of Col fac20 tor . If the expression of some function from colicine gene promo ...
Modified PDF
... was severely impaired (van Breukelen et al. 2000). Still DBP could bind DNA efficiently and cooperatively. This suggests that flexibility of the protein chain is an essential prerequisite for DNA chain elongation. One explanation for the need of flexibility is that, when bound in the replication for ...
... was severely impaired (van Breukelen et al. 2000). Still DBP could bind DNA efficiently and cooperatively. This suggests that flexibility of the protein chain is an essential prerequisite for DNA chain elongation. One explanation for the need of flexibility is that, when bound in the replication for ...
Rapid Identification of Transgenic Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L
... amplification products are stem-loop DNA structures with several inverted repeats of the target and cauliflower-like structures with multiple loops. The most significant advantage of LAMP is the ability to amplify specific sequences of DNA under isothermal conditions between 60°C and 65°C, thereby o ...
... amplification products are stem-loop DNA structures with several inverted repeats of the target and cauliflower-like structures with multiple loops. The most significant advantage of LAMP is the ability to amplify specific sequences of DNA under isothermal conditions between 60°C and 65°C, thereby o ...
Novel DNA Polymerase Increases Efficiency of Multiple PCR
... displacement activity, but only SD polymerase was able to carry out the amplification with the predenaturation step. Next, Ignatov and colleagues synthesized a 135-bp artificial DNA template containing a hairpin structure with 30 complementary base pairs, and compared SD and Taq DNA polymerase effic ...
... displacement activity, but only SD polymerase was able to carry out the amplification with the predenaturation step. Next, Ignatov and colleagues synthesized a 135-bp artificial DNA template containing a hairpin structure with 30 complementary base pairs, and compared SD and Taq DNA polymerase effic ...
SAY IT WITH DNA: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS WORKSHEET: Practice
... STEP 1: "Build" the mRNA molecule, matching the RNA nucleotides to the DNA nucleotides properly, letter by letter. (For purposes of simplicity, it will be assumed that this mRNA is bacterial; there are no introns to cut out!) STEP 2: Figure out the tRNA triplets (codons) that would fit the mRNA trip ...
... STEP 1: "Build" the mRNA molecule, matching the RNA nucleotides to the DNA nucleotides properly, letter by letter. (For purposes of simplicity, it will be assumed that this mRNA is bacterial; there are no introns to cut out!) STEP 2: Figure out the tRNA triplets (codons) that would fit the mRNA trip ...
Degradation of DNA damage-independently stalled RNA
... (3). Adverse growth conditions such as lack of nutrients leading to low NTP levels most likely further impair transcription elongation as mimicked by treatment with the drug 6-azauracil (6AU). RNAPII complexes stalled during transcription elongation for a prolonged time might stall irreversibly. Thu ...
... (3). Adverse growth conditions such as lack of nutrients leading to low NTP levels most likely further impair transcription elongation as mimicked by treatment with the drug 6-azauracil (6AU). RNAPII complexes stalled during transcription elongation for a prolonged time might stall irreversibly. Thu ...
DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis
... The process of DNA replication is shown in Figure 10-10. In step 1 , enzymes called helicases separate the DNA strands. Helicases move along the DNA molecule, breaking the hydrogen bonds between the complementary nitrogenous bases. This action allows the two DNA strands of the double helix to separa ...
... The process of DNA replication is shown in Figure 10-10. In step 1 , enzymes called helicases separate the DNA strands. Helicases move along the DNA molecule, breaking the hydrogen bonds between the complementary nitrogenous bases. This action allows the two DNA strands of the double helix to separa ...
Genetic Networks Required to Coordinate Chromosome Replication
... DNA replication, whereas in bacteria a single DNA polymerase is sufficient. The reasons for this difference are unclear but may reflect that fact that in eukaryotes, unlike prokaryotes, numerous origins are used to replicate each chromosome and eukaryotic chromosomes are linear, bringing an additional ...
... DNA replication, whereas in bacteria a single DNA polymerase is sufficient. The reasons for this difference are unclear but may reflect that fact that in eukaryotes, unlike prokaryotes, numerous origins are used to replicate each chromosome and eukaryotic chromosomes are linear, bringing an additional ...
p53
... # 1) Inherited mutations cause distinct cancers # 2) Homozygote mutant mice can complete embryogenesis (but die shortly after) # 3) Low levels of p53 expression in normal cells ...
... # 1) Inherited mutations cause distinct cancers # 2) Homozygote mutant mice can complete embryogenesis (but die shortly after) # 3) Low levels of p53 expression in normal cells ...
recombination proteins in yeast
... nonhomologous recombination or end joining (NHEJ). The process of homologous recombination plays essential roles in the maintenance of genome stability in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. The primary function of homologous recombination in mitotic cells is to repair double-strand breaks (DSBs) ...
... nonhomologous recombination or end joining (NHEJ). The process of homologous recombination plays essential roles in the maintenance of genome stability in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. The primary function of homologous recombination in mitotic cells is to repair double-strand breaks (DSBs) ...
Creating 3-Dimensional Graph Structures with DNA
... through the graph can be produced by using both types of edge blocks, circular molecules that pass through a vertex up to three times (Fig. 8) also are possible. Each of the inner three double strands presented in Fig. 3 can be a part of the same circular double stranded molecule. We therefore need ...
... through the graph can be produced by using both types of edge blocks, circular molecules that pass through a vertex up to three times (Fig. 8) also are possible. Each of the inner three double strands presented in Fig. 3 can be a part of the same circular double stranded molecule. We therefore need ...
PDF
... The variety of cellular states in multicellular organisms reflects the diversity of the transcriptional programme of cells, despite the fact that nearly all cells in any given organism bear an identical genome sequence. The transcriptional state of a cell is governed by a specific set of transcripti ...
... The variety of cellular states in multicellular organisms reflects the diversity of the transcriptional programme of cells, despite the fact that nearly all cells in any given organism bear an identical genome sequence. The transcriptional state of a cell is governed by a specific set of transcripti ...
Soliton-like base pair opening in a helicoidal DNA: An analogy with
... Electronic address: [email protected] ...
... Electronic address: [email protected] ...
Bacteria Screening PCR Kit
... I．Description In order to maintain consumer trust in the safety of food products, a high priority has been placed on assuring product quality at each step of the food supply process. PCR is recognized as one of the more useful methods for such food-related quality control applications. PCR is a tech ...
... I．Description In order to maintain consumer trust in the safety of food products, a high priority has been placed on assuring product quality at each step of the food supply process. PCR is recognized as one of the more useful methods for such food-related quality control applications. PCR is a tech ...
Kinetic Model of DNA Replication in Eukaryotic Organisms
... of time can vary from cell to cell, the DNA analyzed at time t in the laboratory may have started replicating over a relatively wide range of times. (ii) In eukaryotic organisms, origin activation may be distributed in a programmed manner throughout the length of S-phase, and, as a consequence, each ...
... of time can vary from cell to cell, the DNA analyzed at time t in the laboratory may have started replicating over a relatively wide range of times. (ii) In eukaryotic organisms, origin activation may be distributed in a programmed manner throughout the length of S-phase, and, as a consequence, each ...
PCR Optimization: Reaction Conditions and
... molecules. For DNA amplification, the optimized reaction buffer (XL Buffer) contains DMSO and glycerol, and is included with both the component product enzyme and complete GeneAmp® XL PCR Kit. PCR Thermal Profiles Using the GeneAmp® PCR System 9700 or 2720 with the two-temperature PCR protocol and ...
... molecules. For DNA amplification, the optimized reaction buffer (XL Buffer) contains DMSO and glycerol, and is included with both the component product enzyme and complete GeneAmp® XL PCR Kit. PCR Thermal Profiles Using the GeneAmp® PCR System 9700 or 2720 with the two-temperature PCR protocol and ...
DNA Profile 911 - Bertino Forensics
... The different number of repeats are variations of the STRs or alleles of that STR. When trying to identify someone from their DNA, their physical appearance is not being examined. Instead, personal identification is based on their genes or alleles for different STRs. The more STRs being examined, t ...
... The different number of repeats are variations of the STRs or alleles of that STR. When trying to identify someone from their DNA, their physical appearance is not being examined. Instead, personal identification is based on their genes or alleles for different STRs. The more STRs being examined, t ...
Site-Specific Integration of Transgenes in
... PCR to check DNA recombination at the FRT1 site (Table II). Events B5 and B6 were derived from the retransformation of the original hemizygous target B callus that had never gone through plant regeneration. All events were then evaluated by four constructspecific qPCR analyses (Fig. 1) to check for ...
... PCR to check DNA recombination at the FRT1 site (Table II). Events B5 and B6 were derived from the retransformation of the original hemizygous target B callus that had never gone through plant regeneration. All events were then evaluated by four constructspecific qPCR analyses (Fig. 1) to check for ...
A new type of papillomavirus DNA, its presence in genital
... trimers after partial digestion of tumor DNA (Figure 9) provides direct evidence for tandem repetition. A number of submolar bands are visible in Figure 9 migrating faster than unitlength viral DNA. They did not change in mobility when WV-341 was digested with EcoRI in combination with noncut enzyme ...
... trimers after partial digestion of tumor DNA (Figure 9) provides direct evidence for tandem repetition. A number of submolar bands are visible in Figure 9 migrating faster than unitlength viral DNA. They did not change in mobility when WV-341 was digested with EcoRI in combination with noncut enzyme ...
Vol. 75, No. 5, May 2002 New Laws Reflect the Power and Potential
... able to destroy biological evidence upon providing such notice. After all, approximately 95 percent of criminal cases in Wisconsin are resolved by guilty or no contest pleas, and most of the defendants in those cases do not claim innocence. Most of those defendants would have little incentive to dem ...
... able to destroy biological evidence upon providing such notice. After all, approximately 95 percent of criminal cases in Wisconsin are resolved by guilty or no contest pleas, and most of the defendants in those cases do not claim innocence. Most of those defendants would have little incentive to dem ...
Mitochondrial point mutations do not limit the natural lifespan of mice
... at both restrictionsites in brain tissue and mouse However, an altered pattern of mutagenesis in proofreading-deficient embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from 2.5-month-old animals Polg mice argues against a substantial role for Polg misinsertions in completely deficient in the proofreading activ ...
... at both restrictionsites in brain tissue and mouse However, an altered pattern of mutagenesis in proofreading-deficient embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from 2.5-month-old animals Polg mice argues against a substantial role for Polg misinsertions in completely deficient in the proofreading activ ...
Physics of protein–DNA interaction
... Not every combination of bases is permitted: in particular only B–B∗ pairs of purines and pyrimidines are possible. The Watson–Crick base pairing consists of combining A with T and G with C. An A–T pair is connected by two hydrogen bonds and a G–C pair by three hydrogen bonds, so they have a higher ...
... Not every combination of bases is permitted: in particular only B–B∗ pairs of purines and pyrimidines are possible. The Watson–Crick base pairing consists of combining A with T and G with C. An A–T pair is connected by two hydrogen bonds and a G–C pair by three hydrogen bonds, so they have a higher ...
DNA repair
DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome. In human cells, both normal metabolic activities and environmental factors such as UV light and radiation can cause DNA damage, resulting in as many as 1 million individual molecular lesions per cell per day. Many of these lesions cause structural damage to the DNA molecule and can alter or eliminate the cell's ability to transcribe the gene that the affected DNA encodes. Other lesions induce potentially harmful mutations in the cell's genome, which affect the survival of its daughter cells after it undergoes mitosis. As a consequence, the DNA repair process is constantly active as it responds to damage in the DNA structure. When normal repair processes fail, and when cellular apoptosis does not occur, irreparable DNA damage may occur, including double-strand breaks and DNA crosslinkages (interstrand crosslinks or ICLs).The rate of DNA repair is dependent on many factors, including the cell type, the age of the cell, and the extracellular environment. A cell that has accumulated a large amount of DNA damage, or one that no longer effectively repairs damage incurred to its DNA, can enter one of three possible states: an irreversible state of dormancy, known as senescence cell suicide, also known as apoptosis or programmed cell death unregulated cell division, which can lead to the formation of a tumor that is cancerousThe DNA repair ability of a cell is vital to the integrity of its genome and thus to the normal functionality of that organism. Many genes that were initially shown to influence life span have turned out to be involved in DNA damage repair and protection.