Lecture #6 ppt
... Example: phylogenetic tree building. Group organisms by analyzing changes between DNA sequences using a selected criterion (e.g., optimizing the arrangement of relationships so that it contains the least number of total changes, or so that it is the most probable given a model of how sequences are b ...
... Example: phylogenetic tree building. Group organisms by analyzing changes between DNA sequences using a selected criterion (e.g., optimizing the arrangement of relationships so that it contains the least number of total changes, or so that it is the most probable given a model of how sequences are b ...
the Note
... Base pairing: Purines pair with Pyrimidines - adenine (A) always bonds to thymine (T) and guanine (G) with cytosine (C) in DNA molecule to ensures the precision of DNA replication Codon: the corresponding three-base sequence on the mRNA required to specify one amino acid in a protein chain on th ...
... Base pairing: Purines pair with Pyrimidines - adenine (A) always bonds to thymine (T) and guanine (G) with cytosine (C) in DNA molecule to ensures the precision of DNA replication Codon: the corresponding three-base sequence on the mRNA required to specify one amino acid in a protein chain on th ...
Test 2
... DNA sequence. These proteins form a right handed helical structure that is thought to denature the AT rich DNA at the DUE site. The formation of this complex is aided by the proteins HU, IHF, and FIS, but we don’t know their exact role at this point. On each strand of the denatured DNA a hexamer of ...
... DNA sequence. These proteins form a right handed helical structure that is thought to denature the AT rich DNA at the DUE site. The formation of this complex is aided by the proteins HU, IHF, and FIS, but we don’t know their exact role at this point. On each strand of the denatured DNA a hexamer of ...
Slide 1
... How many amino acids are most likely to be in the protein resulting from the translation of this mRNA molecule? ...
... How many amino acids are most likely to be in the protein resulting from the translation of this mRNA molecule? ...
Nucleic Acids - Structure and Replication
... lips. Like many other viruses, HSV can remain inactive inside the body for years. When HSV becomes active, it causes cold sores around the mouth. Human cells infected with a virus may undergo programmed cell death. While HSV is inactive inside the body, only one of its genes is transcribed. This gen ...
... lips. Like many other viruses, HSV can remain inactive inside the body for years. When HSV becomes active, it causes cold sores around the mouth. Human cells infected with a virus may undergo programmed cell death. While HSV is inactive inside the body, only one of its genes is transcribed. This gen ...
Cloning - iGEM 2016
... optimal DNA polymerase activity, the melting temperature of primers, and the length of the desired PCR products. Reactions were performed in the Applied Biosystems 96 well thermal cycler. PCR product purification. Completed PCR reactions were loaded on the agarose gel, desired fragment was excised a ...
... optimal DNA polymerase activity, the melting temperature of primers, and the length of the desired PCR products. Reactions were performed in the Applied Biosystems 96 well thermal cycler. PCR product purification. Completed PCR reactions were loaded on the agarose gel, desired fragment was excised a ...
DNA - thatscienceguy
... Adenine (A) always pairs with thymine (T) forming 2 hydrogen bonds A-T Guanine (G) always pairs with cytosine (C) forming 3 hydrogen bonds G-C ...
... Adenine (A) always pairs with thymine (T) forming 2 hydrogen bonds A-T Guanine (G) always pairs with cytosine (C) forming 3 hydrogen bonds G-C ...
QCM2 - GIGA
... A. most restriction enzymes recognize a single site. B. the restriction site is recognized regardless of the source of the DNA. C. the number of times a piece of DNA is cut is determined by the number of times the restriction site is present in the DNA. D. most restriction sites are palin ...
... A. most restriction enzymes recognize a single site. B. the restriction site is recognized regardless of the source of the DNA. C. the number of times a piece of DNA is cut is determined by the number of times the restriction site is present in the DNA. D. most restriction sites are palin ...
Ch13DNA08 - ChemistryVCE
... charge, and this enables the molecules to interact with a group of proteins called histones. It wraps around the histone forming a structure known as chromosomes. Replication The division of plant and animal cells involves a mechanism that generates an exact copy of their DNA. The DNA double helix p ...
... charge, and this enables the molecules to interact with a group of proteins called histones. It wraps around the histone forming a structure known as chromosomes. Replication The division of plant and animal cells involves a mechanism that generates an exact copy of their DNA. The DNA double helix p ...
DNA - bainzbio11
... • Every person has two copies of each gene, one inherited from each parent. Most genes are the same in all people, but a small number of genes (less than 1 percent of the total) are slightly different between people. Alleles are forms of the same gene with small differences in their sequence of DNA ...
... • Every person has two copies of each gene, one inherited from each parent. Most genes are the same in all people, but a small number of genes (less than 1 percent of the total) are slightly different between people. Alleles are forms of the same gene with small differences in their sequence of DNA ...
DNA Conductivity: Our Most Recent Results
... Internal energy for the Debye model of a crystal lattice with 3 acoustic and 3s-3 optical modes ...
... Internal energy for the Debye model of a crystal lattice with 3 acoustic and 3s-3 optical modes ...
Think about what you have learned about the structure of DNA
... organisms are single celled, and that others, including humans, are multicellular. Communication: Students use verbal and nonverbal skills to express themselves effectively. ...
... organisms are single celled, and that others, including humans, are multicellular. Communication: Students use verbal and nonverbal skills to express themselves effectively. ...
(CH7) DNA Repair
... • The correction of single base changes that are due to conversion of one base to another. • Specific DNA glycosylases recognize and excise the damaged base. • How do DNA repair proteins find the rare sites of damage in a vast expanse of undamaged DNA? ...
... • The correction of single base changes that are due to conversion of one base to another. • Specific DNA glycosylases recognize and excise the damaged base. • How do DNA repair proteins find the rare sites of damage in a vast expanse of undamaged DNA? ...
week7_DNA
... 1. Used as “energy currency” in cells (ATP) 2. Are chemical messengers of cells, (cAMP) 3. Nucleotide coenzymes transport electrons and hydrogen atoms (examples: NADH and FADH2) 4. Nucleotides also serve as building blocks for nucleic acids ...
... 1. Used as “energy currency” in cells (ATP) 2. Are chemical messengers of cells, (cAMP) 3. Nucleotide coenzymes transport electrons and hydrogen atoms (examples: NADH and FADH2) 4. Nucleotides also serve as building blocks for nucleic acids ...
DNA History, Structure, and Replication – Part 2
... A. The process of making of a complete copy of an entire length of DNA. (Applies to all Chromosomes.) 1. This occurs during the S-Phase of the Cell Cycle for Mitosis or Meiosis. B. It is easy to do for cells because the two sides are Complimentary (A with T and C with G always.) C. The Semi-conserva ...
... A. The process of making of a complete copy of an entire length of DNA. (Applies to all Chromosomes.) 1. This occurs during the S-Phase of the Cell Cycle for Mitosis or Meiosis. B. It is easy to do for cells because the two sides are Complimentary (A with T and C with G always.) C. The Semi-conserva ...
Chapter 13 Power Point Slides
... 1. DNA is heated to break the hydrogen bonds between the strands of a DNA molecule 2. Short nucleotide sequences (primers) and bind to complementary regions on single-stranded DNA 3. Taq polymerase synthesizes complementary strands of both templates, beginning at the primers ...
... 1. DNA is heated to break the hydrogen bonds between the strands of a DNA molecule 2. Short nucleotide sequences (primers) and bind to complementary regions on single-stranded DNA 3. Taq polymerase synthesizes complementary strands of both templates, beginning at the primers ...
Genetics
... The chromosome of bacteria are circular, naked, double strand DNA molecules, the DNA is usually found attached to the cell membrane at some point or points. Although bacteria do not possess a nucleus, the DNA is localized in a distinct area with in the cell called the nucleoid region. There is no me ...
... The chromosome of bacteria are circular, naked, double strand DNA molecules, the DNA is usually found attached to the cell membrane at some point or points. Although bacteria do not possess a nucleus, the DNA is localized in a distinct area with in the cell called the nucleoid region. There is no me ...
000 EXAM 2 study guide
... 6. Understand the implications of these mutations: silent, missense, nonsense. 7. Understand an open reading frame. Example problem 8.14. If you have a piece of doublestranded DNA that does not have any stop codons, how many open reading frames do you have? 8. Understand the terms: template strand, ...
... 6. Understand the implications of these mutations: silent, missense, nonsense. 7. Understand an open reading frame. Example problem 8.14. If you have a piece of doublestranded DNA that does not have any stop codons, how many open reading frames do you have? 8. Understand the terms: template strand, ...
dna replication
... 3. Since one side of the DNA runs in the 3’ to 5’ direction, it is copied continuously and called the leading strand. The other side runs in the 5' to 3' direction and is called the lagging strand. Since the DNA polymerase can only READ from 3’ to 5’ and BUILD from 5’ to 3’, this lagging strand mus ...
... 3. Since one side of the DNA runs in the 3’ to 5’ direction, it is copied continuously and called the leading strand. The other side runs in the 5' to 3' direction and is called the lagging strand. Since the DNA polymerase can only READ from 3’ to 5’ and BUILD from 5’ to 3’, this lagging strand mus ...
Recombinant DNA and Gene Cloning
... Plasmid DNA from cells that acquired their resistance from a recombinant plasmid only show only the 3755-bp and 1875-bp bands (Clone 1, lane 3). Clone 2 (Lane 4) was simultaneous transformed by religated pAMP and pKAN. (We cannot tell if it took up the recombinant molecule as well.) Clone 3 (Lane 5) ...
... Plasmid DNA from cells that acquired their resistance from a recombinant plasmid only show only the 3755-bp and 1875-bp bands (Clone 1, lane 3). Clone 2 (Lane 4) was simultaneous transformed by religated pAMP and pKAN. (We cannot tell if it took up the recombinant molecule as well.) Clone 3 (Lane 5) ...
Do-It-Yourself Strawberry DNA
... detergent solution containing the compound SDS (sodiumdodecyl sulfate) is added. These solutions break down and emulsify the fat & proteins that make up a cell membrane. Finally, ethanol is added because DNA is soluble in water. The alcohol causes DNA to precipitate, or settle out of the solution, l ...
... detergent solution containing the compound SDS (sodiumdodecyl sulfate) is added. These solutions break down and emulsify the fat & proteins that make up a cell membrane. Finally, ethanol is added because DNA is soluble in water. The alcohol causes DNA to precipitate, or settle out of the solution, l ...
DNA repair
DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome. In human cells, both normal metabolic activities and environmental factors such as UV light and radiation can cause DNA damage, resulting in as many as 1 million individual molecular lesions per cell per day. Many of these lesions cause structural damage to the DNA molecule and can alter or eliminate the cell's ability to transcribe the gene that the affected DNA encodes. Other lesions induce potentially harmful mutations in the cell's genome, which affect the survival of its daughter cells after it undergoes mitosis. As a consequence, the DNA repair process is constantly active as it responds to damage in the DNA structure. When normal repair processes fail, and when cellular apoptosis does not occur, irreparable DNA damage may occur, including double-strand breaks and DNA crosslinkages (interstrand crosslinks or ICLs).The rate of DNA repair is dependent on many factors, including the cell type, the age of the cell, and the extracellular environment. A cell that has accumulated a large amount of DNA damage, or one that no longer effectively repairs damage incurred to its DNA, can enter one of three possible states: an irreversible state of dormancy, known as senescence cell suicide, also known as apoptosis or programmed cell death unregulated cell division, which can lead to the formation of a tumor that is cancerousThe DNA repair ability of a cell is vital to the integrity of its genome and thus to the normal functionality of that organism. Many genes that were initially shown to influence life span have turned out to be involved in DNA damage repair and protection.