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Genetic Technology - Solon City Schools
Genetic Technology - Solon City Schools

... • What macromolecule do you think they are made of? – They are PROTEINS that cut strands of DNA at specific nucleotide sequences ...
Recombinant DNA and Genetic Engineering
Recombinant DNA and Genetic Engineering

... Polymerase Chain Reaction • Sequence to be copied is heated • Primers are added and bind to ends of single strands • DNA polymerase uses free nucleotides to create complementary strands • Doubles number of copies of DNA ...
Recombinant Plasmids
Recombinant Plasmids

... Step 1 : Isolate 2 different DNA : bacterial plasmid that serves as vector, and human DNA of interest Step 2: Treats both DNA with same restriction enzyme. Plasmid is cut in one place, DNA of interest is cut in many fragments – one including the gene of interest. Step 3: Gene of interest is mixed wi ...
Biotechnology - Wild about Bio
Biotechnology - Wild about Bio

... Gel Electrophoresis and Southern Blotting • One indirect method of rapidly analyzing and comparing genomes is gel electrophoresis • This technique uses a gel as a molecular sieve to separate nucleic acids or proteins by size • A current is applied that causes charged molecules to move through the g ...
Stress protein synthesis: EMF interaction with DNA
Stress protein synthesis: EMF interaction with DNA

... stress protein gene shows two different DNA segments in the gene promoter, one for a specific EMF response to low energy stimuli, and another for high energy thermal stimuli. The EMF-specific DNA segments can be activated by EMF when they are coupled to other genes.  Studies of enzyme reactions sho ...
Bacterial transformation - BLI-Research-Synbio-2014-session-1
Bacterial transformation - BLI-Research-Synbio-2014-session-1

... • They will employ gel electrophoresis test to isolated restriction fragments of interest . ...
Biologists have learned to manipulate DNA
Biologists have learned to manipulate DNA

... B. Recombinant DNA technology combines genes from different sources – or species – into a single DNA molecule II. DNA technology and frontiers of research in biology A. Human genome- map of all humans genes was completed by 2000 1. Other organisms sequenced: fruit fly, yeast, E. coli, or rice plant ...
Strawberry DNA Extraction Lab
Strawberry DNA Extraction Lab

... not soluble in ethanol. When molecules are soluble, they are dispersed in the solution and are therefore not visible. When molecules are insoluble, they clump together and become visible. The colder the ethanol, the less soluble the DNA will be in it. This is why it is important for the ethanol to b ...
DNA damage studies in cases of Trisomy 21 using Comet Assay
DNA damage studies in cases of Trisomy 21 using Comet Assay

... disturbance in metabolism of Oxygen radicals which are responsible for the occurrence of comets due to damage of DNA which is shown in SCGE[14]. In the present investigation, all 40 cases of DS were of pure trisomy 21 and one anticipates high levels of extra chromosomal “over dose gene effect” with ...
Document
Document

... A) Many errors are made during DNA replication, but this does not matter because of the immense size of the DNA molecule. B) Many errors are made during DNA replication, but this does not matter because repair enzymes will mend the errors. C) The few errors made by DNA polymerase are usually correct ...
DNA Replication
DNA Replication

... in RNA, the sugar is ribose, a pentose sugar with 5C, 10H and 5O however in DNA, one oxygen is removed and hence the name deoxy ribo; 5C, 10H and 4O the real difference is in the nitrogenous bases, there are 5 of them ...
Cells, Chromosomes, Genes
Cells, Chromosomes, Genes

... Advances in DNA fingerprinting • In the eighties the number of VNTRs used was small, four or less compared to today when the norm is to employ at least six loci. A Shift in the scientific landscape, • Randjit Chakraborty and Kenneth Kidd defended DNA statistical analysis in their paper entitled The ...
BIOTECHNOLOGY - Bishop Amat Memorial High School
BIOTECHNOLOGY - Bishop Amat Memorial High School

... D. Treat plasmid with same restriction enzyme as was used to make the DNA restriction fragment in selected organism. (produces same sticky ends as carried by fragment)! E. Mix the two strands of DNA (selected organism and vector) allowing for base pairing at sticky ends. ...
Plasmid w/ kanamycin resistance (pKAN)
Plasmid w/ kanamycin resistance (pKAN)

... Stage 1: Prepare your plasmids to be cut by restriction enzymes • Obtain the plasmids (pKAN and pAMP) P stands for plasmid pKAN = plasmid with antibiotic kanamycin resistance pAMP = plasmid with antibiotic ampicillin resistance ...
File - Science with Mrs. Levin
File - Science with Mrs. Levin

... that specifies what type of _______________  will be produced.  ...
PP4 (Ch.12-25)DNA
PP4 (Ch.12-25)DNA

... •Anti-parallel to each other •Always builds 5’ to 3’ •DNA Polymerase can only add to the 3’ end If DNA were synthesized in the 3' to 5' direction, the energy for the process would come from the 5' end of the growing strand rather than from free nucleotides. If the 5' nucleotide needed to be removed ...
DNA and PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
DNA and PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

... 2. Frameshift – changes the reading frame. A whole new sequence is read, usually leads to severe mutations. Frameshifts are caused by: a) Deletion of a nucleotide(s) b) Addition of extra nucleotide(s) 1. Translocation of a gene-DNA fragment switches location, often between different chromosomes. Thi ...
View PDF - Mvla.net
View PDF - Mvla.net

... 1. Why does DNA replicate? G---C DNA replicates during mitosis so that C---G both new cells will have the correct DNA. T---A 2. When does replication occur? A---T Replication happens during the S phase G---C of the cell cycle (during interphase). A---T 3. Describe how replication works. Enzymes unzi ...
BIO | DNA Review Worksheet | KEY
BIO | DNA Review Worksheet | KEY

... 12. Describe what is forming and happening in AREA A of the diagram. (best writing skills) Transcription is taking place inside area A. mRNA is being created from the strand of DNA. 13. Describe what is being gathered and happening in AREA B of the diagram. (best writing skills) tRNA are gathering t ...
DNA candy construction
DNA candy construction

... post-it, label your licorice backbone “DNA- 1” or “DNA-2” depending on which sequence you used. Wrap the label onto the left end of the licorice. Step 6: Create the second strand. Match up the nitrogenous base pairs. Slide the corresponding gummy bear on to the toothpick. Continue until all of the t ...
Section F
Section F

... The mutation is introduced as a result of an errorprone repair. Translesion DNA synthesis to maintain the DNA integrity but not the sequence accuracy: when damage occurs immediately ahead of an advancing fork, which is unsuitable for recombination repair (F4), the daughter strand is synthesized rega ...
Plasmid w/ kanamycin resistance (pKAN)
Plasmid w/ kanamycin resistance (pKAN)

... • Mix plasmids with restriction enzymes – BamH1 and Hind III – Restriction enzymes cut the plasmids at precise locations ...
Answered Review Questions The Recipe of Life 1. Describe the
Answered Review Questions The Recipe of Life 1. Describe the

Recombinant DNA Technology
Recombinant DNA Technology

... DNA Ligase DNA ligase can link together two DNA strands that have single-strand breaks. The alternative, a doublestrand break, is fixed by a different type of DNA ligase using the complementary strand as a template but still requires DNA ligase to create the final phosphodiester bond to fully repai ...
Ei dian otsikkoa
Ei dian otsikkoa

... frequency. It is, for example, the case for the 3’ end of the CaMV 35S promotor -an imperfect palindrome of 19 bp- when it is in conjunction with specific flanking sequences derived from transforming plasmid. Illegitimate recombination can also occur in the borders of the Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium ...
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DNA repair



DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome. In human cells, both normal metabolic activities and environmental factors such as UV light and radiation can cause DNA damage, resulting in as many as 1 million individual molecular lesions per cell per day. Many of these lesions cause structural damage to the DNA molecule and can alter or eliminate the cell's ability to transcribe the gene that the affected DNA encodes. Other lesions induce potentially harmful mutations in the cell's genome, which affect the survival of its daughter cells after it undergoes mitosis. As a consequence, the DNA repair process is constantly active as it responds to damage in the DNA structure. When normal repair processes fail, and when cellular apoptosis does not occur, irreparable DNA damage may occur, including double-strand breaks and DNA crosslinkages (interstrand crosslinks or ICLs).The rate of DNA repair is dependent on many factors, including the cell type, the age of the cell, and the extracellular environment. A cell that has accumulated a large amount of DNA damage, or one that no longer effectively repairs damage incurred to its DNA, can enter one of three possible states: an irreversible state of dormancy, known as senescence cell suicide, also known as apoptosis or programmed cell death unregulated cell division, which can lead to the formation of a tumor that is cancerousThe DNA repair ability of a cell is vital to the integrity of its genome and thus to the normal functionality of that organism. Many genes that were initially shown to influence life span have turned out to be involved in DNA damage repair and protection.
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