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... of magnetic poles. Such modifications, however, often come at a price. Bigger beads, for example, generate greater drag and reduce, therefore, the temporal resolution of the experiment [24]. Likewise, the use of microfabricated devices [18] can produce forces in nN range due to a dramatic decrease i ...
dissertationes biologicae universitatis tartuensis 118
dissertationes biologicae universitatis tartuensis 118

... Helicases are enzymes that unwind duplex molecules of nucleic acids, being thus essential in DNA and RNA metabolism. To meet the requirements given by different processes of nucleic acid metabolism, helicases have acquired diverse substrate recognition and unwinding properties. Therefore, by describ ...
The National DNA Database
The National DNA Database

... processes in the body. Half our DNA is inherited from our mother and half from our father. Except for identical siblings, each person’s DNA is unique. The technology used to obtain DNA profiles for The National DNA Database® does not examine every single difference between people’s DNA. It is restri ...
Complete Laboratory PDF
Complete Laboratory PDF

... another on a chromosome, the greater the chance that they will be inherited together as a unit (linked). Conversely, locations farther apart on the chromosome are more likely to be separated by chromosome recombination during meiosis. Thus, the frequency of recombination with previously mapped genes ...
How Do We Understand Life?
How Do We Understand Life?

... polymers, which form the molecular machines that carry out the many functions required for life. Within the cell, DNA is an informational polymer, proteins are operational, and RNA can act in either capacity. In part A of this chapter, we begin a discussion of the structures of DNA, RNA, and protein ...
CfE Higher Biology Unit 1: DNA and the Genome
CfE Higher Biology Unit 1: DNA and the Genome

... of phosphorus and sulfur, would confirm DNA as the genetic material and eliminated protein as the carrier of genetic information. Edwin Chargaff, using paper chromatography and ultraviolet spectroscopy techniques, demonstrated two findings, now known as Chargaff’s rules: firstly, that adenine and th ...
64$ CfE Higher Biology Unit 1: DNA and the
64$ CfE Higher Biology Unit 1: DNA and the

... of phosphorus and sulfur, would confirm DNA as the genetic material and eliminated protein as the carrier of genetic information. Edwin Chargaff, using paper chromatography and ultraviolet spectroscopy techniques, demonstrated two findings, now known as Chargaff's rules: firstly, that adenine and th ...
64$ CfE Higher Biology Unit 1: DNA and the
64$ CfE Higher Biology Unit 1: DNA and the

... of phosphorus and sulfur, would confirm DNA as the genetic material and eliminated protein as the carrier of genetic information. Edwin Chargaff, using paper chromatography and ultraviolet spectroscopy techniques, demonstrated two findings, now known as Chargaff's rules: firstly, that adenine and th ...
3D DNA Crystals and Nanotechnology
3D DNA Crystals and Nanotechnology

... This simplicity is also reflected in the immediately recognizable relationship between the double helical structure and DNA’s role in genetic information storage. The original determination of the double helical DNA structure was itself deeply rooted in the exploration of another class of structures ...
Transcription blockage by stable H-DNA analogs in
Transcription blockage by stable H-DNA analogs in

... and another as a donor of the third strand (Figure 1A). During H-DNA formation, the donor stretch dissociates into two single strands. One strand winds back down the major groove of the acceptor stretch forming the triplex via Hoogsteen-type base pairing, while the other remains single-stranded. Bot ...
CSE 181 Project guidelines
CSE 181 Project guidelines

... • RNA is similar to DNA chemically. It is usually only a single strand. T(hyamine) is replaced by U(racil) • Some forms of RNA can form secondary structures by “pairing up” with itself. This can have change its properties • Several types exist, classified by function • mRNA – this is what is usually ...
voltammetric methods for determination of some anticancer drugs
voltammetric methods for determination of some anticancer drugs

... double helical structre of DNA consists of two strands, each of them on the outside of the double helice and formed by altemating phosphate and pentose groups, in which the phosphodiester bridges provide the covalent continuity. The two chains of the double helix are held together by hydrogen bonds ...
Disaccharide Nucleosides and Oligonucleotides on Their Basis
Disaccharide Nucleosides and Oligonucleotides on Their Basis

... 1. Modified ONs should retain all functional groups and distances between them to ensure potential interac tions with nucleic acids and proteins. It should be expect ed that parameters of the complex formation with nucle ic acids and binding to enzymes will be similar for natural and modified ON. ...
Major City Chiefs Position Paper on Sworn vs
Major City Chiefs Position Paper on Sworn vs

... o A hybrid model, as long as all staff meet the same scientific/technical standards, can be beneficial due to the diversity of experiences. o This model also has the potential for problems, when sworn and civilian staff are performing identical functions at different pay levels. The disparity in sal ...
Scoring Guidelines - Ohio Assessment Systems
Scoring Guidelines - Ohio Assessment Systems

Resuspension and storage - Integrated DNA Technologies
Resuspension and storage - Integrated DNA Technologies

... recommends that any oligonucleotide longer than 40 bases should receive further purification. In addition, for demanding applications such as site-directed mutagenesis, cloning, and gel-shift protein-binding assays, additional purification is recommended even for oligonucleotides shorter than 40 bas ...
Principles of Genetic Variation
Principles of Genetic Variation

... base to its sugar. (C) Base modification. Altered bonding or added chemical groups are shown in red. Examples are: 8-oxoguanine (i), which base pairs to adenine and so induces mutations; thymidine glycol (ii), which is not a mutagen but blocks DNA polymerase; and a DNA adduct (iii) formed by ...
number of fifty human tumours
number of fifty human tumours

... Considering first the main group of 30 tumours on which substantial numbers of chromosome counts were made, it is evident that except for Tumour No. 29 there is quite good agreement between basic DNA content and chromosome number. For Tumour No. 29, however, the observed chromosome number is approxi ...
What Darwin didn`t know: Mendel and basic genetics Extending
What Darwin didn`t know: Mendel and basic genetics Extending

Generalized Transduction by Phage P22 in Salmonella typhimurium. II. Mechanisms of Integration of Transducing DNA.
Generalized Transduction by Phage P22 in Salmonella typhimurium. II. Mechanisms of Integration of Transducing DNA.

... greater than 2 to 4 x IO8daltons but substantially less than 27 x lo6 daltons, the molecularweightof the transducingDNA injectedinto the bacteria.The integrated largedouble strandfragmentsof transducingDNA can be detected in DNA isolated soon after transduction, but not in DNA isolated late after tr ...
Title A Fluorescently Labeled, Hyperbranched Polymer
Title A Fluorescently Labeled, Hyperbranched Polymer

... need for modifications of the DNA probe or target. We hypothesize that a fluorescently labeled hyperbranched polyDMAEMA-coEGDMA (termed pD-co-E, Scheme 1B) can detect specific sequences of small DNA (18–24 nt) in serum through a change in the fluorescent signal. More specifically, detection is based ...
Unraveling DNA helicases
Unraveling DNA helicases

... and HSV NS3) are dsDNA translocases. This property may be the distinction between the SF1 and SF2 family. Another group called family 4 (F4) contains five motifs (1, 1a, 2–4) [3]. The seven motifs of SF1 and SF2 are usually clustered in a region of 200–700 amino acids, the core region. These conserve ...
RNA Blue - RNA/DNA/PROTEIN ISOLATION REAGENT - Top-Bio
RNA Blue - RNA/DNA/PROTEIN ISOLATION REAGENT - Top-Bio

... RNA Blue is a ready to use reagent for progressive method of isolation of total RNA or for the simultaneous isolation  of RNA, DNA and proteins from samples of human, animal, plant, yeast, bacterial and viral origin. Basis of the method  has  been  described  by  Chomczynski  and  Sacchi  (Anal.  Bi ...
Direct PCR on Hair: A New Animal
Direct PCR on Hair: A New Animal

... Gene transfer into animals is extensively used to study roles of genes in development, physiology and disease. This approach requires screening for presence of a transgene in animal tissues, often using PCR. Traditionally, it also involves time consuming DNA extraction steps from the biopsies, ear p ...
Direct PCR on Hair: A New Animal
Direct PCR on Hair: A New Animal

... Gene transfer into animals is extensively used to study roles of genes in development, physiology and disease. This approach requires screening for presence of a transgene in animal tissues, often using PCR. Traditionally, it also involves time consuming DNA extraction steps from the biopsies, ear p ...
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DNA polymerase



The DNA polymerases are enzymes that create DNA molecules by assembling nucleotides, the building blocks of DNA. These enzymes are essential to DNA replication and usually work in pairs to create two identical DNA strands from a single original DNA molecule. During this process, DNA polymerase “reads” the existing DNA strands to create two new strands that match the existing ones.Every time a cell divides, DNA polymerase is required to help duplicate the cell’s DNA, so that a copy of the original DNA molecule can be passed to each of the daughter cells. In this way, genetic information is transmitted from generation to generation.Before replication can take place, an enzyme called helicase unwinds the DNA molecule from its tightly woven form. This opens up or “unzips” the double-stranded DNA to give two single strands of DNA that can be used as templates for replication.
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