The Future of Computer Science
... problems [A. 2002] proved the first lower bound (~N1/5) on the time needed for a quantum computer to find collisions in a long list of numbers from 1 to N—thereby giving evidence that secure cryptography should still be possible even in a world with QCs ...
... problems [A. 2002] proved the first lower bound (~N1/5) on the time needed for a quantum computer to find collisions in a long list of numbers from 1 to N—thereby giving evidence that secure cryptography should still be possible even in a world with QCs ...
The Wave Nature of Light
... • To understand the electronic structure of atoms, one must understand the nature of electromagnetic radiation. • The distance between corresponding points on adjacent waves is the wavelength (). ...
... • To understand the electronic structure of atoms, one must understand the nature of electromagnetic radiation. • The distance between corresponding points on adjacent waves is the wavelength (). ...
The rotational energy levels
... there is no component of angular momentum about the principal axis, and the energy levels depend only on I┴ (Fig. 2). When K = ± J, almost all the angular momentum arises from rotation around the principal axis, and the energy levels are determined largely by III. The sign of K does not affect the e ...
... there is no component of angular momentum about the principal axis, and the energy levels depend only on I┴ (Fig. 2). When K = ± J, almost all the angular momentum arises from rotation around the principal axis, and the energy levels are determined largely by III. The sign of K does not affect the e ...
Einstein`s prediction
... Evidence for the existence for quantum fluctuations: •Emission of light by atoms •Corrections to the energy levels of atoms allow predictions accurate to a part in a trillion. •The long range attraction of atoms to each other. ...
... Evidence for the existence for quantum fluctuations: •Emission of light by atoms •Corrections to the energy levels of atoms allow predictions accurate to a part in a trillion. •The long range attraction of atoms to each other. ...
Shou-Cheng Zhang, , 823 (2001); DOI: 10.1126/science.294.5543.823
... We construct a generalization of the quantum Hall effect, where particles move in four dimensional space under a SU(2) gauge field. This system has a macroscopic number of degenerate single particle states. At appropriate integer or fractional filling fractions the system forms an incompressible qua ...
... We construct a generalization of the quantum Hall effect, where particles move in four dimensional space under a SU(2) gauge field. This system has a macroscopic number of degenerate single particle states. At appropriate integer or fractional filling fractions the system forms an incompressible qua ...
Bohr Model and Principal Quantum Number
... Principal Quantum Number Bohr’s model requires the use of the principal Quantum Number (n) It predicts the line spectra of hydrogen through the energy levels of electron orbitals Unfortunately, Bohr’s model works well for hydrogen but does not completely predict other atoms ...
... Principal Quantum Number Bohr’s model requires the use of the principal Quantum Number (n) It predicts the line spectra of hydrogen through the energy levels of electron orbitals Unfortunately, Bohr’s model works well for hydrogen but does not completely predict other atoms ...
Chapter 4-2 The Quantum Model of the Atom
... Angular Momentum Quantum Number Except at the first main energy level, orbitals of different shapes exist for a given value of n. The angular momentum quantum number, symbolized by l, indicates the shape of the orbital. The number of orbital shapes possible is equal to n. The values of l allo ...
... Angular Momentum Quantum Number Except at the first main energy level, orbitals of different shapes exist for a given value of n. The angular momentum quantum number, symbolized by l, indicates the shape of the orbital. The number of orbital shapes possible is equal to n. The values of l allo ...
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EOC_chapter28
... work function for a particular metal surface. When green light from a mercury lamp (λ = 546.1 nm) is used, a stopping potential of 0.376 V reduces the photocurrent to zero. (a) Based on this measurement, what is the work function for this metal? (b) What stopping potential would be observed when usi ...
... work function for a particular metal surface. When green light from a mercury lamp (λ = 546.1 nm) is used, a stopping potential of 0.376 V reduces the photocurrent to zero. (a) Based on this measurement, what is the work function for this metal? (b) What stopping potential would be observed when usi ...
Particle in a box
In quantum mechanics, the particle in a box model (also known as the infinite potential well or the infinite square well) describes a particle free to move in a small space surrounded by impenetrable barriers. The model is mainly used as a hypothetical example to illustrate the differences between classical and quantum systems. In classical systems, for example a ball trapped inside a large box, the particle can move at any speed within the box and it is no more likely to be found at one position than another. However, when the well becomes very narrow (on the scale of a few nanometers), quantum effects become important. The particle may only occupy certain positive energy levels. Likewise, it can never have zero energy, meaning that the particle can never ""sit still"". Additionally, it is more likely to be found at certain positions than at others, depending on its energy level. The particle may never be detected at certain positions, known as spatial nodes.The particle in a box model provides one of the very few problems in quantum mechanics which can be solved analytically, without approximations. This means that the observable properties of the particle (such as its energy and position) are related to the mass of the particle and the width of the well by simple mathematical expressions. Due to its simplicity, the model allows insight into quantum effects without the need for complicated mathematics. It is one of the first quantum mechanics problems taught in undergraduate physics courses, and it is commonly used as an approximation for more complicated quantum systems.