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NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES WHY TRADE CAN HURT
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES WHY TRADE CAN HURT

... the distorted good is higher in the distorted economy, it tends to be imported, with adverse consequences on the level and distribution of income. Such factor market distortions have similar effects even when goods are divisible. By modifying the standard trade models, namely the Ricardian, Specific ...
The Role of Small Firms in Regional Growth
The Role of Small Firms in Regional Growth

... on the neoclassical production function with its key factors of production, physical capital and unskilled labor, economists have relied upon the model of production function as a basis for explaining the determinants of economic growth.  Romer's (1986) critique of the Solow approach was not with t ...
BBA II Semester Subject: - Economics II
BBA II Semester Subject: - Economics II

... 1. There is existence of full employment without inflation. 2. There is a closed laissez-faire capitalistic economy. 3. There is perfect competition in labor market and product market. 4. Labor is homogenous. 5. Total out put of the economy is divided between consumption and investment expenditure. ...
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Economic Connectivity - International Peace Institute
Economic Connectivity - International Peace Institute

... reduction of customs duties and free trade agreements. However, in recent years economic and political union have become more closely entwined, for example through the European Single Market, North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), and the EAEU. This has had an impact on institutional and gover ...
Production, Income and Employment
Production, Income and Employment

... This is the total amount of spending by consumers on goods and services. It is the largest component of GDP (about 66% or 2/3 of GDP) ...
State Ownership in the Slovenian Economy
State Ownership in the Slovenian Economy

... PROGRESS FROM CATASTROPHE? Nicholas Ivers ...
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... stable. These large changes in relative prices were reflected in movements in rates of investment. The growth rate of nonresidential business capital employed per man hour declined from 3.4 percent during the 1949—74 period to .2 percent during the 1976—80 interval, while the share of net investment ...
The Political Geography of the Euro Crisis
The Political Geography of the Euro Crisis

... other members of the union (perhaps to grease their own political machines; by contrast, in the bottom right, the poor citizens in rich countries support their welfare states while refusing to share their tax base with their class-comrades in other regions. Interestingly, this map of preferences cha ...
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“Emerging Economies: Now and Next” Tan Teng Boo
“Emerging Economies: Now and Next” Tan Teng Boo

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Terms of Trade and Economic Growth in a World of

... not seen as cariers of new technology. Second, they are internationally tradable, while access to a limited range of specialized intermediate products has often been ...
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Gross Domestic Product

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CHAP08

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On the Economic Growth and Industrial Structure Evolution:
On the Economic Growth and Industrial Structure Evolution:

... resource allocation and technological progress, etc. And then, lots of empirical researches have been made to confirm that. On the other hand, the studies of the relationship between trade openness and industrial development have attracted the attention of the foreign scholars. Many achievements hav ...
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Introduction to Economic Fluctuations

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... and buildings - all of which are capital goods designed to increase the productive potential of the economy in future years. Capital goods: Producer or capital goods such as plant (factories) and machinery are useful not in themselves but for the goods and services they can help produce in the futur ...
Financialization and the Crises of Capitalism
Financialization and the Crises of Capitalism

... after the end of the high interest rate policy in the USA. However, in 2000, the value of net interest payments had recovered, reflecting high debt levels related to the ‘new economy boom’ (ECB 2012). Moreover, non-financial corporations heavily relied on stock repurchases to increase stock prices. ...
The productivity problem that pols ignore
The productivity problem that pols ignore

... faster than output, the Labor Department said Tuesday. That’s a serious barrier to economic expansion, employment and wage growth. (“Over time, persistently weak productivity would weigh on American living standards by restraining the economy’s ability to grow quickly and generate higher incomes wit ...
Secondary markets: the quiet economic value creator
Secondary markets: the quiet economic value creator

... goods changing hands. New goods contribute to important measures of production, such as GDP. Many products, however, continue to create value long beyond the date they were created, both to the original buyer and later to others when the original buyer resells the good. As a result, maximizing our e ...
Varieties of Capitalism in Light of the Euro Crisis
Varieties of Capitalism in Light of the Euro Crisis

... recent research suggests that relationships between business and the state there are typically based on clientelistic relations with individual firms (Evans 2015; Hassel 2014; Featherstone 2011). However, it is important to note that several other features of these political economies also limit the ...
comparative price level (cpl) – a representative parameter of
comparative price level (cpl) – a representative parameter of

... Generally, the supposition of the labor productivity gap in favor of the tradables sector as compared to the non-tradables one does not raise objections. 2. The other starting point of our attempt can be formulated as follows: both tradables and non-tradables sectors are characterized by an approxim ...
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Chapter 7

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A REVISED CLASSICAL MODEL OF GROWTH
A REVISED CLASSICAL MODEL OF GROWTH

... While capital-using technical progress involves the substitution of capital for different activities performed by labor, capital saving technical progress derives from the substitution of new machines for old ones of the same type (i.e., which replace the same kind of labor, or performs the same kin ...
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Economic democracy

Economic democracy or stakeholder democracy is a socioeconomic philosophy that proposes to shift decision-making power from corporate managers and corporate shareholders to a larger group of public stakeholders that includes workers, customers, suppliers, neighbors and the broader public. No single definition or approach encompasses economic democracy, but most proponents claim that modern property relations externalize costs, subordinate the general well-being to private profit, and deny the polity a democratic voice in economic policy decisions. In addition to these moral concerns, economic democracy makes practical claims, such as that it can compensate for capitalism's inherent effective demand gap.Classical liberals argue that ownership and control over the means of production belongs to private firms and can only be sustained by means of consumer choice, exercised daily in the marketplace. ""The capitalistic social order"", they claim, therefore, ""is an economic democracy in the strictest sense of the word"". Critics of this claim point out that consumers only vote on the value of the product when they make a purchase; they are not participating in the management of firms, or voting on how the profits are to be used.Proponents of economic democracy generally argue that modern capitalism periodically results in economic crises characterized by deficiency of effective demand, as society is unable to earn enough income to purchase its output production. Corporate monopoly of common resources typically creates artificial scarcity, resulting in socio-economic imbalances that restrict workers from access to economic opportunity and diminish consumer purchasing power. Economic democracy has been proposed as a component of larger socioeconomic ideologies, as a stand-alone theory, and as a variety of reform agendas. For example, as a means to securing full economic rights, it opens a path to full political rights, defined as including the former. Both market and non-market theories of economic democracy have been proposed. As a reform agenda, supporting theories and real-world examples range from decentralization and economic liberalization to democratic cooperatives, public banking, fair trade, and the regionalization of food production and currency.
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